斜光轴面内位移测量的数字散斑相关法研究

以工程环境中远距离位移和位移场的光学测量为研究课题,分析了远距离斜光轴成像时,像模糊和成像位置变化对白光数字散斑相关方法产生的影响,给出了这两种影响的误差理论计算公式。提出使用参考测量技术克服斜光轴成像位置变化带来影响,给出一种新的远距离斜光轴高精度测量面内位移的方法,在2～50m处作静载挠度测量,其最大相对误差小于1％,测量精度在实验室环境和工程测量环境中都得到了验证。该方法无需共轴光路的测量环境要求,特别适用于桥梁、高速公路立交桥的静载挠度测量等工程应用。使用高速图像采集卡,该方法可应用于斜光轴动态位移测量,拓展了数字散斑相关方法的应用范围。     

外场多光轴平行性测试的光学系统设计

针对外场条件下因大气环境影响导致多光轴平行性误差的问题,设计了一种可见光、1.06μm激光及812μm的长波红外多光轴平行性测试的光学系统,系统采用卡塞格林系统为共光路并以可见光为基准光轴.卡塞格林系统的主次镜均采用双曲面校正球差及慧差,添加校正透镜减小了轴外像差.设计结果表明,该光学系统成像质量达到了衍射极限,在大气...     

Step-profile measurement by backpropagation of multiple-wavelength optical fields

Multiple-wavelength optical fields on a detecting plane of an interferometer are generated from the interference signals detected for an object surface. The generated optical fields are backpropagated along the optical axis. An optical field along the optical axis is reconstructed by summing the backpropagated fields over the multiple wavelengths. The intensity and phase distributions of the reconstructed optical field provide the position of the object surface with an accuracy of a few nanometers.     

Propagation of confluent hypergeometric beam through uniaxial crystals orthogonal to the optical axis

Based on the theory of paraxial electromagnetic beams in anisotropic medium, propagation properties of a linearly polarized confluent hypergeometric (HyG) beam through uniaxial crystals orthogonal to the optical axis are investigated. Analytical expressions are derived for the resultant optical field components. Effects of separate beam parameters together with the ratio of refractive indices of crystals on transversal intensity distributions are revealed by numerical calculations, respectively. It is shown that the beam profile finally converts into an elliptical shape due to influences of anisotropic crystals. Moreover, it is also indicated that through suitable selection of parameters, types of the optical vortices of resultant field would change from a central dark spot to a slight dark ring or an axial shadow during the propagation. These numerical results may provide alternative advantages to the trapping of tiny particles by utilizing HyG beams in practical experiments.     

Optical diode based on a highly anisotropic layer of a helical periodic medium subjected to a magnetic field

The effect of an applied magnetic field on the optical properties of a layer of a helical periodic medium is studied in view of magnetooptic activity. The case when the radiation is normally incident on the layer and the magnetic field is aligned with the axis of the medium is considered. Irreversibility (nonreciprocity) effects in such a system are discussed. The situations with weak and high anisotropy are investigated. It is shown that the system can function as an optical shutter, optical diode, or one-side reflector. Reasons for the high irreversibility of transmission (reflection) are found.     

Applying the stochastic parallel gradient algorithm in the auto alignment problem for the amplifier channel of the UFL-2M facility

The procedure of automatic alignment of the four-pass amplifier channel of a UFL-2M facility has been simulated numerically in the presence of aberrations in the optical path. The alignment procedure is based on the “marker” or “reference” method. The control elements are directed by the stochastic parallel gradient algorithm. The order of executing the automatic alignment is determined. The numerical simulation shows the possibility of positioning the beam at the exit from the channel with an accuracy of 1% of the pinhole size in the far field and of 0.1% of the beam aperture size in the near field. It was established that the centering accuracy of the alignment beam in inner pinholes in the presence of optical inhomogeneities in the amplifier channel can be worse than at the exit of the channel. The possibility of symmetrizing the picture of far-field markers has been considered in the case where the position of the optical axis of the channel is unknown.     

椭圆高斯光束产生近似无衍射Bessel-Gauss光

研究了轴棱锥聚焦像散椭圆高斯光束的光场分布特性,根据菲涅耳衍射积分理论导出了椭圆高斯光束经轴棱锥衍射后的光场分布,通过数值积分给出椭圆高斯光束经轴棱锥聚焦后的近轴光场强度分布情况,将其与圆高斯光束产生的近似Bessel-Gauss场进行比较,发现椭圆高斯光束经轴棱锥聚焦后的光束在一定的传播距离内也具有无衍射特性,且轴上光强分布与圆高斯光束产生的Bessel-Gauss光束的轴上光强分布具有相似的形式,而这种无衍射光场的强度在垂直于光轴的平面上不再是柱对称分布。根据近轴球面波产生近似Bessel光束的最大无衍射距离公式计算了椭圆Bessel-Gauss光束在子午面和弧矢面上的最大无衍射距离,整个光束的无衍射距离由入射到轴棱锥上的椭圆光斑短轴方向的尺寸决定。     

多视场电视观瞄具的光轴调校技术

针对如何实现多视场电视观瞄具光轴平行性和稳定性的调校,根据其光机系统结构,提出了CCD靶面与双光楔相结合的调校技术方案,通过设计和搭建安装基面与光轴平行的装调装置,用平行光管自准直法建立了统一的装调基准。通过分析双光楔调校原理,对调校技术方案进行优化,添加了双光楔配对和粗调误差控制的工艺要求。经过装调、测试验证,光轴平行性可达0.1 mrad,光轴稳定性可达0.05 mrad。     

Robust optical systems for nondestructive testing based on laser diodes and diffractiveoptical elements

Two robust systems for vibration measurements are presented. Both systems are based on low-cost laser diodes. The stability of the optical systems is achieved by implementing the optical system as a holographic optical element (HOE) while using a common-path interferometer concept for the measurement scheme. The former system facilitates real-time simultaneous tracking of vibrations about two axes perpendicular to the optical axis. The latter system is an electronic speckle interferometer working in a differential mode providing whole-field information on the angular deformation about one axis between two states of the object. It will be argued that these concepts will provide compact, self-aligning systems for industrial use due to the inherent possibility of mass fabrication.     

Magnetic-field-induced changes in the photorefractive sensitivity of lithium niobate

The effect of a magnetic field on the average photorefractive sensitivity of an undoped LiNbO₃ crystal is studied by phase-mismatched second-harmonic generation. The experimental data obtained show the photorefractive sensitivity to reverse sign as the external magnetic field exceeds B ₁=?0.38±0.04 T. The magnetic field is oriented perpendicular to the crystal optical axis and to the plane of laser radiation polarization. The variation of the photorefractive sensitivity is associated with paramagnetic iron centers, whose photoionization probability depends on the direction of their magnetic moment relative to the optical axis.     

Investigation of the influence of external electric field on the anisotropy of nematic liquid crystals by X-Ray interferometry

The influence of external electric field on the anisotropy of a layer of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) was investigated by means of X-Ray interferometric method. It was shown that in Xray range of the spectrum NLC E7 is a positive anisotropic medium. The decrements of a layer of NLC subjected to the electric field were calculated. As a result of reorientation of NLC molecules perpendicular to the cell substrate, the decrements prove equal for cases when the optical axis of a sample was initially perpendicular or parallel to the X-ray beam polarization vector.     

СИММЕТРИЯ И ПЬЕЗОЭЛЕ КТРИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА КРИСТАЛЛОВ

The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the direct and inverse piezoelectric effect in crystals and textures are deduced. It is found that under certain conditions the piezoelectric properties in crystals of certain classes are richer than those obtained from the piezoelectric tensor. The results are given of the piezoelectric polarization of quartz in the direction of the optical axis and the excitation of oscillations of the plates perpendicular to the optical axis when the field is applied in the direction of the optical axis.     

一种多通道光电系统视轴平行度调校装置

为了获得红外、可见光及微光等不同波段靶标的图像,提出一种多通道光电系统视轴平行度调校装置。该装置能够方便地加载多通道光电探测系统,主要通过下底板的腰形孔间隙及垫修下底板来实现光电探测系统视轴平行度方位及俯仰方向的调校,使其视轴平行度达到15;该装置只需首次调整光学系统的视轴平行度,光电探测系统重复更换镜头后重复定位精度优于0.01 mm。同时装置可方便地加载于光电转台等其他设备上,便于外场试验,满足使用要求。     

Absorption optical bistability in semiconductors under the action of an external electric field

The conditions for the realization of absorption optical bistability under the simultaneous action of two (radiative and nonradiative) mechanisms of recombination of free charge carriers are investigated. It is shown that, in the diffusion mechanism of stream of free electrons from the beam axis, the temperature dependence of radiative recombination does not expand the temperature range of the thermostat in which the optical bistability occurs. A scheme is proposed with application of an external transverse electric field, which makes it possible to realize absorption optical bistability at any ambient temperature. An important advantage of this scheme is the conservation of the state of a bistable system after the action of a light pulse and a significant decrease in the energy spent on cooling of the medium.     

平面LED阵列远场条件研究与实验验证

平面LED(light-emitting diode)阵列远场条件是实现其光度学参数正确测量的前提,为了确定不同平面LED阵列的远场条件,基于点光源发光强度的测量原理建立了面光源光轴上的不同距离下照度与距离平方乘积的函数关系模型,用其表征面光源光轴上光场的分布规律.在此基础上利用照度平方反比定律,以及平面LED阵列远场...     

Nonlinear resonances in the near-field interaction between atoms

It has been shown that nonlinear near-field optical resonances occur in diatomic nanostructures consisting of identical or different two-level atoms in the presence of a radiation field when the dipole-dipole interaction is taken into account. The frequencies of these resonances depend strongly on the intensity of the external optical radiation, on the initial conditions, on the polarization of the external field with respect to the axis of the nanostructure, and on the interatomic distance. The interatomic interaction is taken into account beyond perturbation theory. For this reason, the effective polarizabilities of the atoms of the nanostructure are expressed in terms of the polynomials of both the interatomic distance and the electric field strength of the external optical wave. A “falling tower” effect that is caused by the nonlinear behavior of the local dipole moments of atoms in the nanostructure is predicted.     

Beam alignment with the axis of a rotation stage for laser fabrication of microcircular structures

An optical technique to align laser beam with the axis of a rotating stage is proposed for laser fabrication of circular microstructures. The laser beam is first aligned parallel to the rotation axis and subsequently adjusted to coincide with the axis. An optical arrangement consisting of two quadrant photodiodes for the x- and y-directions and a specially designed beam splitter is utilized for the alignment. Mathematical modeling of the alignment system is carried out to estimate alignment errors caused by misalignment of mirror surfaces in the beam path. It is shown that parallelness of the laser beam to the rotation axis is a key factor to reduce alignment errors. The proposed method was applied to a microstereolithography system and proved that the laser beam can be aligned within a distance of about 25 μm from the rotation axis.     

On the possibility of direct measurement of the magnetic field-induced phase transition in hematite by means of magnetooptical method

It is shown that a rotation ? and a deformation κ of the optical indicatrix appear during the transverse magnetic field-induced phase transition in hematite. Analytic expressions for ? and κ are deduced from the magnetization-dependent electromagnetic energy in the crystal. It is shown that during the phase transition, induced by increasing the temperature, the electromagnetic energy in the crystal. It is shown that during the phase transition, induced by increasing the temperature, the antiferromagnetic vector L = M₁ - M₂ is rotating from the three-fold C₃ axis toward the basal plane, which implies that the main axis of the optical indicatrix is not aligned in a general case with the magnetic field or the crystallographic axis although the magnetic moment (M₁ + M₂) is always parallel to the field. The linear magnetic birefringence is very sensitive to the magnetic phase in hematite, as described in previous experimental work, but the present analysis shows that a direct determination of the transverse field-induced phase transition can be obtained in hematite, by means of a magnetooptical method, only when large and non-uniform rotation (up to ninety degrees) and variation of the shape of the indicatrix are taken into account.     

回转椭球反射镜的检验与检测仪器的设计

本文介绍了根据椭球光学性质研制的FJG-1型椭球反射镜检测仪。它为检验回转椭球反射镜建立了面积有效率、光轴偏移量、f_1值允差与反射率四项技术指标,并给出了检测仪的设计原理与操作方法。最后对仪器的误差及运行效果进行了分析。     

Light Penetration through a Tapered Waveguide

An approximate pattern of calculation of the field behavior in waveguides of variable radius is proposed. It is based on the assumption of a slow dependence of the radius on the longitudinal coordinate and is reduced to the solution of an ordinary differential equation. The dependences of the waveguide transmission on the frequency of radiation, entrance and exit radii, as well as the rate of radius variation along the axis are studied. The analysis is carried out within the range of parameters typical for optical fibers used in optical near‐field microscopy. It is shown that the increase in the rate of radius variation with the longitudinal coordinate will cause the transmission coefficient of the tapered waveguide to increase.