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1.
A Simple 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene Based Hole‐Transporting Material for Perovskite Solar Cells
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Dr. Hairong Li Kunwu Fu Prof. Anders Hagfeldt Prof. Michael Grätzel Prof. Subodh G. Mhaisalkar Prof. Andrew C. Grimsdale 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(16):4085-4088
We report a novel electron‐rich molecule based on 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (H101). When used as the hole‐transporting layer in a perovskite‐based solar cell, the power‐conversion efficiency reached 13.8 % under AM 1.5G solar simulation. This result is comparable with that obtained using the well‐known hole transporting material 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD). This is the first heterocycle‐containing material achieving >10 % efficiency in such devices, and has great potential to replace the expensive spiro‐OMeTAD given its much simpler and cheaper synthesis. 相似文献
2.
Efficient Hole Transporting Materials with Two or Four N,N‐Di(4‐methoxyphenyl)aminophenyl Arms on an Ethene Unit for Perovskite Solar Cells
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Hyeju Choi Kwangseok Do Sojin Park Jong‐Sung Yu Prof. Jaejung Ko 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(45):15919-15923
Novel steric bulky hole transporting materials (HTMs) with two or four N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)aminophenyl units have been synthesized. When the EtheneTTPA was used as a hole transporting material in perovskite solar cell, the power conversion efficiency afforded 12.77 % under AM 1.5 G illumination, which is comparable to the widely used spiro‐OMeTAD based solar cell (13.28 %). 相似文献
3.
Govind Reddy Koteshwar Devulapally Nanaji Islavath Lingamallu Giribabu 《Chemical record (New York, N.Y.)》2019,19(10):2157-2177
Spiro‐OMeTAD is widely used as thehole‐transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSC), which extracts positive charges and protects the perovskite materials from metal electrode, setting a new world‐record efficiency of more than 20 %. Spiro‐OMeTAD layer engross moisture leading to the degradation of perovskite, and therefore, has poor air stability. It is also expensive therefore limiting scale‐up, so macrocyclic metal complex derivatives (MMDs) could be a suitable replacement. Our review covers low‐cost, high yield hydrophobic materials with minimal steps required for synthesis of efficient HTMs for planar/mesostructured PSCs. The MMDs based devices demonstrated PCEs around 19 % and showed stability for a longer duration, indicating that MMDs are a promising alternative to spiro‐OMeTAD and also easy to scale‐up via solution approach. Additionally, this review describes how optical and electrical properties of MMDs change with chemical structure, allowing for the design of novel hole‐mobility materials to achieve negligible hysteresis and act as effective functional barriers against moisture which results in a significant increase in the stability of the device. We provide an overview of the apt green‐synthesis, characterization, stability and implementation of the various classes of macrocyclic metal complex derivatives as HTM for photovoltaic applications. 相似文献
4.
Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Employing an Easily Attainable Bifluorenylidene‐Based Hole‐Transporting Material
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Kasparas Rakstys Dr. Michael Saliba Dr. Peng Gao Paul Gratia Egidijus Kamarauskas Dr. Sanghyun Paek Dr. Vygintas Jankauskas Prof. Dr. Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(26):7464-7468
The 4,4′‐dimethoxydiphenylamine‐substituted 9,9′‐bifluorenylidene ( KR216 ) hole transporting material has been synthesized using a straightforward two‐step procedure from commercially available and inexpensive starting reagents, mimicking the synthetically challenging 9,9′‐spirobifluorene moiety of the well‐studied spiro‐OMeTAD. A power conversion efficiency of 17.8 % has been reached employing a novel HTM in a perovskite solar cells. 相似文献
5.
Lowering Molecular Symmetry To Improve the Morphological Properties of the Hole‐Transport Layer for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
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Dr. Xuchao Wang Jing Zhang Dr. Shuwen Yu Dr. Wei Yu Dr. Ping Fu Xuan Liu Dandan Tu Prof. Xin Guo Prof. Can Li 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(38):12529-12533
Inspired by the structural feature of the classical hole‐transport material (HTM), Spiro‐OMeTAD, many analogues based on a highly symmetrical spiro‐core were reported for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, these HTMs were prone to crystallize because of the high molecular symmetry, forming non‐uniform films, unfavorable for the device stability and large‐area processing. By lowering the symmetry of spiro‐core, we report herein a novel spirobisindane‐based HTM, Spiro‐I, which could form amorphous films with high uniformity and morphological stability. Compared to the Spiro‐OMeTAD‐based PSCs, those containing Spiro‐I exhibit similar efficiencies for small area but higher ones for large area (1 cm2), and especially much higher air stability (retaining 80 % of initial PCE after 2400 h storage without encapsulation). Moreover, the Spiro‐I can be synthesized from a cheap starting material bisphenol A and used with a small amount for the device fabrication. 相似文献
6.
Dr. Agustín Molina‐Ontoria Dr. Iwan Zimmermann Inés Garcia‐Benito Paul Gratia Dr. Cristina Roldán‐Carmona Sadig Aghazada Prof. Dr. Michael Graetzel Prof. Dr. Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin Prof. Dr. Nazario Martín 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(21):6270-6274
New star‐shaped benzotrithiophene (BTT)‐based hole‐transporting materials (HTM) BTT‐1, BTT‐2 and BTT‐3 have been obtained through a facile synthetic route by crosslinking triarylamine‐based donor groups with a benzotrithiophene (BTT) core. The BTT HTMs were tested on solution‐processed lead trihalide perovskite‐based solar cells. Power conversion efficiencies in the range of 16 % to 18.2 % were achieved under AM 1.5 sun with the three derivatives. These values are comparable to those obtained with today's most commonly used HTM spiro‐OMeTAD, which point them out as promising candidates to be used as readily available and cost‐effective alternatives in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). 相似文献
7.
Facile Synthesis of a Furan–Arylamine Hole‐Transporting Material for High‐Efficiency,Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells
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Jun Yin Dr. Annalisa Bruno Dr. Pablo P. Boix Yang Gao Dr. Herlina A. Dewi Dr. Gagik G. Gurzadyan Prof. Cesare Soci Prof. Subodh G. Mhaisalkar Prof. Andrew C. Grimsdale 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(43):15113-15117
A novel hole‐transporting molecule (F101) based on a furan core has been synthesized by means of a short, high‐yielding route. When used as the hole‐transporting material (HTM) in mesoporous methylammonium lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) it produced better device performance than the current state‐of‐the‐art HTM 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis‐(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD). The F101‐HTM‐based device exhibited both slightly higher Jsc (19.63 vs. 18.41 mA cm?2) and Voc (1.1 vs. 1.05 V) resulting in a marginally higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) (13.1 vs. 13 %). The steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence show that F101 has significant charge extraction ability. The simple molecular structure, short synthesis route with high yield and better performance in devices makes F101 an excellent candidate for replacing the expensive spiro‐OMeTAD as HTM in PSCs. 相似文献
8.
Qi Xiao Jingjing Tian Qifan Xue Jing Wang Bijin Xiong Mengmeng Han Zhen Li Zonglong Zhu Hin‐Lap Yip Zhong'an Li 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(49):17888-17894
Development of high‐performance dopant‐free hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) with comprehensive passivation effects is highly desirable for all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Squaraines (SQs) could be a candidate for dopant‐free HTMs as they are natural passivators for perovskites. One major limitation of SQs is their relatively low hole mobility. Herein we demonstrate that polymerizing SQs into pseudo two dimensional (2D) p–π conjugated polymers could overcome this problem. By rationally using N,N‐diarylanilinosquaraines as the comonomers, the resulting polysquaraine HTMs not only exhibit suitable energy levels and efficient passivation effects, but also achieve very high hole mobility close to 0.01 cm?2 V?1 s?1. Thus as dopant‐free HTMs for α‐CsPbI2Br‐based all‐inorganic PVSCs, the best PCE reached is 15.5 %, outperforming those of the doped‐Spiro‐OMeTAD (14.4 %) based control devices and among the best for all‐inorganic PVSCs. 相似文献
9.
Efficient Hole‐Transporting Materials with Triazole Core for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
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Dr. Hyeju Choi Hyeonjun Jo Dr. Sanghyun Paek Kyungkuk Koh Prof. Dr. Haye Min Ko Prof. Dr. Jae Kwan Lee Prof. Dr. Jaejung Ko 《化学:亚洲杂志》2016,11(4):548-554
Efficient hole‐transporting materials (HTMs), TAZ‐[MeOTPA]2 and TAZ‐[MeOTPATh]2 incorporating two electron‐rich diphenylamino side arms, through direct linkage or thiophen bridges, respectively, on the C3‐ and C5‐positions of a 4‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazole core were synthesized. These synthetic HTMs with donor–acceptor type molecular structures exhibited effective intramolecular charge transfer for improving the hole‐transporting properties. The structural modification of HTMs by thiophene bridging might increase intermolecular π–π stacking in the solid state and afford a better spectral response because of their increased π‐conjugation length. Perovskite‐based cells using TAZ‐[MeOTPA]2 and TAZ‐[MeOTPATh]2 as HTMs afforded high power conversion efficiencies of 10.9 % and 14.4 %, respectively, showing a photovoltaic performance comparable to that obtained using spiro‐OMeTAD. These synthetically simple and inexpensive HTMs hold promise for replacing the more expensive spiro‐OMeTAD in high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells. 相似文献
10.
Direct C−H Arylation Meets Perovskite Solar Cells: Tin‐Free Synthesis Shortcut to High‐Performance Hole‐Transporting Materials
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In contrast to the traditional multistep synthesis, we demonstrate herein a two‐step synthesis shortcut to triphenylamine‐based hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) through sequential direct C?H arylations. These hole‐transporting molecules are fabricated in perovskite‐based solar cells (PSCs) that exhibit promising efficiencies up to 17.69 %, which is comparable to PSCs utilizing commercially available 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) as the HTM. This is the first report describing the use of step‐saving C?H activations/arylations in the facile synthesis of small‐molecule HTMs for perovskite solar cells. 相似文献
11.
Javier Urieta‐Mora Ins García‐Benito Iwan Zimmermann Juan Arag Pedro D. García‐Fernndez Giulia Grancini Agustín Molina‐Ontoria Enrique Ortí Nazario Martín Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin 《Helvetica chimica acta》2019,102(4)
Two new hole‐transporting materials (HTMs), BX‐OMeTAD and BTX‐OMeTAD , based on xanthene and thioxanthene units, respectively, and bearing p‐methoxydiphenylamine peripheral groups, are presented for their use in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The novelty of the newly designed molecules relies on the use of a single carbon‐carbon bond ‘C?C’ as a linker between the two functionalized heterocycles, which increases the flexibility of the molecule compared with the more rigid structure of the widely used HTM spiro‐OMeTAD. The new HTMs display a limited absorbance in the visible region, due to the lack of conjugation between the two molecular halves, and the chemical design used has a remarkably impact on the thermal properties when compared to spiro‐OMeTAD. BX‐OMeTAD and BTX‐OMeTAD have been tested in ([(FAPbI3)0.87(MAPbBr3)0.13]0.92[CsPbI3]0.08)‐based PSC devices exhibiting power conversion efficiencies of 14.19 and 16.55 %, respectively. The efficiencies reached, although lower than those measured for spiro‐OMeTAD (19.63 %), are good enough to consider the chemical strategy used as an interesting via to design HTMs for PSCs. 相似文献
12.
Efficient Blue‐Colored Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Enhanced Charge Collection by Using an in Situ Photoelectrochemically Generated Conducting Polymer Hole Conductor
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Jinbao Zhang Dr. Nick Vlachopoulos Dr. Yan Hao Dr. Thomas W. Holcombe Prof. Gerrit Boschloo Dr. Erik M. J. Johansson Prof. Michael Grätzel Prof. Anders Hagfeldt 《Chemphyschem》2016,17(10):1441-1445
A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.5 % was achieved by efficiently incorporating a diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based dye with a conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenediothiophene) (PEDOT) hole‐transporting material (HTM) that was formed in situ, compared with a PCE of 2.9 % for small molecular spiro‐OMeTAD‐based solid‐state dye solar cells (sDSCs). The high PCE for PEDOT‐based sDSCs is mainly attributed to the significantly enhanced charge‐collection efficiency, as a result of the three‐order‐of‐magnitude higher hole conductivity (0.53 S cm?1) compared with that of the widely used low molecular weight HTM spiro‐OMeTAD (3.5×10?4 S cm?1). 相似文献
13.
Jie Zhou Xinxing Yin Zihao Dong Amjad Ali Zhaoning Song Niraj Shrestha Sandip Singh Bista Qinye Bao Randy J. Ellingson Yanfa Yan Weihua Tang 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(39):13855-13859
Organic p‐type semiconductors with tunable structures offer great opportunities for hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). We report herein two dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole (DTP) cored molecular semiconductors prepared through π‐conjugation extension and an N‐alkylation strategy. The as‐prepared conjugated molecules exhibit a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of ?4.82 eV and a hole mobility up to 2.16×10?4 cm2 V?1 s?1. Together with excellent film‐forming and over 99 % photoluminescence quenching efficiency on perovskite, the DTP based semiconductors work efficiently as hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) for n‐i‐p structured PVSCs. Their dopant‐free MA0.7FA0.3PbI2.85Br0.15 devices exhibit a power conversion efficiency over 20 %, representing one of the highest values for un‐doped molecular HTMs based PVSCs. This work demonstrates the great potential of using a DTP core in designing efficient semiconductors for dopant‐free PVSCs. 相似文献
14.
3,4‐Phenylenedioxythiophene (PheDOT) Based Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
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Jian Chen Bai‐Xue Chen Fang‐Shuai Zhang Hui‐Juan Yu Shuang Ma Prof. Dr. Dai‐Bin Kuang Dr. Guang Shao Prof. Dr. Cheng‐Yong Su 《化学:亚洲杂志》2016,11(7):1043-1049
Two new electron‐rich molecules based on 3,4‐phenylenedioxythiophene (PheDOT) were synthesized and successfully adopted as hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). X‐ray diffraction, absorption spectra, photoluminescence spectra, electrochemical properties, thermal stabilities, hole mobilities, conductivities, and photovoltaic parameters of PSCs based on these two HTMs were compared with each other. By introducing methoxy substituents into the main skeleton, the energy levels of PheDOT‐core HTM were tuned to match with the perovskite, and its hole mobility was also improved (1.33×10?4 cm2 V?1 s?1, being higher than that of spiro‐OMeTAD, 2.34×10?5 cm2 V?1 s?1). The PSC based on MeO‐PheDOT as HTM exhibits a short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 18.31 mA cm?2, an open‐circuit potential (Voc) of 0.914 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.636, yielding an encouraging power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.64 % under AM 1.5G illumination. These results give some insight into how the molecular structures of HTMs affect their performances and pave the way for developing high‐efficiency and low‐cost HTMs for PSCs. 相似文献
15.
The small organic molecular Dioctylbenzothienobenzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) has been explored as hole transport material (HTM) to replace PEDOT:PSS in inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). MAPbI3 perovskite films depositd onto C8‐BTBT are smooth and uniform, with negligible residual of PbI2 and large grain size even larger than 1 μm. Our champion C8‐BTBT based devices reached a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.46% with marginal hysteresis, much higher than that of 11.50% achieved using PEDOT:PSS. Besides, devices adopting C8‐BTBT as substrate show superior stability compared with the PEDOT:PSS based devices when stored under ambient conditions with a relative humidity of (25±5)%. 相似文献
16.
Fengwan Guo Xiangyu Sun Bing Liu Zijiang Yang Jing Wei Dongsheng Xu 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(51):18631-18636
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25 % mainly have SnO2 or TiO2 as electron‐transporting layers (ETLs). Now, zinc titanate (ZnTiO3, ZTO) is proposed as mesoporous ETLs owing to its weak photo‐effect, excellent carrier extraction, and transfer properties. Uniform mesoporous films were obtained by spinning coating the ZTO ink and annealed below 150 °C. Photovoltaic devices based on Cs0.05FA0.81MA0.14PbI2.55Br0.45 perovskite sandwiched between SnO2‐mesorporous ZTO electrode and Spiro‐OMeTAD layer achieved the PCE of 20.5 %. The PSCs retained more than 95 % of their original efficiency after 100 days lifetime test without being encapsulated. Additionally, the PSCs retained over 95 % of the initial performance when subjected at the maximum power point voltage for 120 h under AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW cm?2), demonstrating superior working stability. The application of ZTO provides a better choice for ETLs of PSCs. 相似文献
17.
An Azaacene Derivative as Promising Electron‐Transport Layer for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
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Dr. Pei‐Yang Gu Dr. Ning Wang Anyang Wu Zilong Wang Dr. Miaomiao Tian Prof. Dr. Zhisheng Fu Prof. Dr. Xiao Wei Sun Prof. Dr. Qichun Zhang 《化学:亚洲杂志》2016,11(15):2135-2138
It is highly desirable to develop novel n‐type organic small molecules as an efficient electron‐transport layer (ETL) for the replacement of PCBM to obtain high‐performance metal‐oxide‐free, solution‐processed inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because this type of solar cells with a low‐temperature and solution‐based process would make their fabrication more feasible and practical. In this research, the new azaacene QCAPZ has been synthesized and employed as non‐fullerene ETL material for inverted PSCs through a solution‐based process without the need for additional dopants or additives. The as‐fabricated inverted PSCs show a power conversion efficiency up to 10.26 %. Our results clearly suggest that larger azaacenes could be promising electron‐transport materials to achieve high‐performance solution‐processed inverted PSCs. 相似文献
18.
Yayu Dong Jian Zhang Yulin Yang Lele Qiu Debin Xia Kaifeng Lin Jiaqi Wang Xiao Fan Ruiqing Fan 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(49):17774-17779
The controllable oxidation of spiro‐OMeTAD and improving the stability of hole‐transport materials (HTMs) layer are crucial for good performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report an efficient hybrid polyoxometalate@metal–organic framework (POM@MOF) material, [Cu2(BTC)4/3(H2O)2]6[H3PMo12O40]2 or POM@Cu‐BTC, for the oxidation of spiro‐OMeTAD with Li‐TFSI and TBP. When POM@Cu‐BTC is introduced to the HTM layer as a dopant, the PSCs achieve a superior fill factor of 0.80 and enhanced power conversion efficiency 21.44 %, as well as improved long‐term stability in an ambient atmosphere without encapsulation. The enhanced performance is attributed to the oxidation activity of POM anions and solid‐state nanoparticles. Therefore, this research presents a facile way by using hybrid porous materials to accelerate oxidation of spiro‐OMeTAD, further improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs. 相似文献
19.
A Two‐Dimensional Hole‐Transporting Material for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with 20 % Average Efficiency
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Qian‐Qing Ge Dr. Jiang‐Yang Shao Jie Ding Li‐Ye Deng Wen‐Ke Zhou Yao‐Xuan Chen Jing‐Yuan Ma Prof. Li‐Jun Wan Prof. Jiannian Yao Prof. Jin‐Song Hu Prof. Yu‐Wu Zhong 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(34):10959-10965
A readily available small molecular hole‐transporting material (HTM), OMe‐TATPyr, was synthesized and tested in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). OMe‐TATPyr is a two‐dimensional π‐conjugated molecule with a pyrene core and four phenyl‐thiophene bridged triarylamine groups. It can be readily synthesized in gram scale with a low lab cost of around US$ 50 g?1. The incorporation of the phenyl‐thiophene units in OMe‐TATPyr are beneficial for not only carrier transportation through improved charge delocalization and intermolecular stacking, but also potential trap passivation via Pb–S interaction as supported by depth‐profiling XPS, photoluminescence, and electrochemical impedance analysis. As a result, an impressive best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 20.6 % and an average PCE of 20.0 % with good stability has been achieved for mixed‐cation PSCs with OMe‐TATPyr with an area of 0.09 cm2. A device with an area of 1.08 cm2 based on OMe‐TATPyr demonstrates a PCE of 17.3 %. 相似文献
20.
Dr. Jialong Duan Dr. Yuanyuan Zhao Prof. Benlin He Prof. Qunwei Tang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(14):3787-3791
All‐inorganic perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and improved stability are promising for commercialization. A multistep solution‐processing method was developed to fabricate high‐purity inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite films for use in efficient solar cells. By tuning the number of deposition cycles (n) of a CsBr solution, the phase conversion from CsPb2Br5 (n ≤3), to CsPbBr3 (n=4), and Cs4PbBr6 (n≥5) was optimized to achieve vertical‐ and monolayer‐aligned grains. Upon interfacial modification with graphene quantum dots, the all‐inorganic perovskite solar cell (without a hole‐transporting layer) achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 9.72 % under standard solar illumination conditions. Under challenging conditions, such as 90 % relative humidity (RH) at 25 °C or 80 °C at zero humidity, the optimized device retained 87 % PCE over 130 days or 95 % over 40 days, compared to the initial efficiency. 相似文献