高温合成锰酸锶镧的缺陷

严格按照化学式拟定配方,采用固相合成方法合成的锰酸锶镧材料中含有杂相La2O3.借助XRD,DSC,TG等分析手段分析了高温合成锰酸锶镧的缺陷,尝试对锰酸锶镧进行高温再处理,结果获得的纯锰酸锶镧不含La2O3杂相.     

六次甲基四胺与氯化钴室温固相反应机制的研究

室温固相反应作为一种高效、绿色的合成方法,在配位化合物、纳米材料、金属簇合物以及复合金属氧化物的合成中已经得到了广泛的应用[1￣6]。然而,到目前为止人们对室温固相反应的微观机制尚处于     

含氮杂环化合物固相化学反应研究——Ⅱ.吲哚与羰基化合物的固相化学反应

报道了吲哚与α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的固相Michael加成反应,由此得到了同一碳原子上含有3个不同杂环基团的化合物.在Lewis酸作用下,吲哚可与芳香醛酮或醌发生因相缩合反应,在不同的条件下,反应产物不同.与溶液中的反应相比,固相反应具有高反应选择性和高产率的特点.得到了一系列新的化合物,并由IR,~1HNMR,MS,元素分析及晶体X射线衍射确定了化合物的结构.初步探讨了反应机理.     

用于放射性卤代药物合成的高速无载体固相标记法

本文研究了一种适合于卤素标记化合物的高分子氧化剂的合成及其性能, 研究了适合于某些卤代放射性药物合成的高速、无载体产物的固相标记法和固相反应。 用于肿瘤探针的药物带电诺丹明和肾功能显像剂胆固醇在固定化后, 将这两种药物进行固相法碘标记并对产物进行了鉴定, 得到了放射化学纯度大于95%, 放射性回收率高于96%的标记化合物, 实现了5分钟内完成放射性标记药物无需分离就可得到极高放化纯产物的高速标记法。本文还对其它能生成有机汞化合物的固相标记法进行了讨论。     

六方相NaYF4的水热合成及相转变研究

传统复合氟化物的合成大都采用高温固相方法,该方法需要较复杂的氟化装置以及较苛刻的合成条件,而且有些低温结构不能通过高温固相反应获得.我们在水热合成系列复合氟化物的基础上,用水热方法合成了介稳六方相NaYF4,该六方相可作为前驱体,经高温烧结转变为立方相.     

铅(Ⅱ)化合物与NaOH室温条件下的固相化学反应研究

研究了铅(Ⅱ)化合物与NaOH在室温条件下的固相反应。实验表明：铅(Ⅱ)化合物与NaOH的固相反应与其在溶液中的反应不同。着重研究了Pb(Ac)₂·3H₂O与NaOH的固相反应,用X衍射、热重、差热等实验手段测定了固相反应的过程及产物。     

硫掺杂对Sr3Al2O6红色长余辉发光材料性能的影响

采用高温固相法,在掺硫和不掺硫两种情形下制备了Sr3Al2O6Eu, Dy红色长余辉发光材料. 利用XRD、荧光分光光度计和亮度计,分别研究了材料的晶体结构、激发光谱、发射光谱和衰减曲线. 结果表明硫的掺入没有引起Sr3Al2O6激发峰的变化,但对材料的组成,初始亮度和余辉特性有明显影响. 在同一烧结温度下,未掺硫的样品主晶相为Sr3Al2O6,并有少量杂相Sr4Al2O7,初始亮度为148 mcd·m-2,余辉时间为330 s; 掺硫的样品主晶相为Sr3Al2O6,含有少量杂项SrS,初始亮度为505 mcd·m-2,余辉时间为18 min.     

NaSn2(PO4)3的水热合成与结构性能研究

应用水热合成技术制备了具有NASICON型结构的NaSn₂(PO₄)₃离子导体.研究了其结构与电导性能.结果表明,水热合成制备NaSn₂(PO₄)₃离子导体化合物,是一条新的途径,它比传统的高温固相反应方法更加方便有效,尤其容易获得较纯的物相及单晶,并且水热晶化产物与固相反应产物具有相同的结构和性能.     

XRD谱研究扩散控制的固-固相反应

很多分子固体和低维固体在室温或低热温度条件下可发生固相反应^[1,2],甚至可以在短时间内完成^[3,4].我们已成功地用低热固相合成法合成了200多个化合物,其中大多数为结构新颖的原子簇化合物^[5～7].     

三氧化钨与二氯化钙的固相反应机理

关于CaO与WO_3及MoO_3的固相反应机理已有文献报道.Flor等认为该反应受高价态钨离子和O~(2-)离子扩散所支配.Jae等为了获得金属钨,在900～1200℃将WO_3溶解于CaO和CaCl_2中,采用石墨电极进行熔融电解时,发现有WO_2Cl_2生成.但有关CaCl_2与WO_3及MoO_3的固相反应未见报道.本工作用热分析法研究了CaCl_2与WO_3固相反应过程,用粉末X射线衍射对反应产物进行了表征,探讨了该固相反应机理.     

Evolution of the crystal and electronic structures of magnetic RuSr(2-x)La(x)GdCu2O8 superconductors upon La substitution

We have investigated systematically the effects of La substitution on the chemical bonding nature and physical properties of magnetic RuSr(2-x)La(x)GdCu2O8 superconductors. X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopic microprobe analyses reveal that a fraction of Sr ions can be successfully replaced by La ions with the contraction of unit cell volume. According to electrical resistance and dc magnetization measurements, the La substitution gives rise to a significant reduction of superconducting transition temperature (T(c)) but to an increase of magnetic ordering temperature with depressed remanent magnetization. Ru K- and Cu K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopic results clarify that average Ru and Cu oxidation states decrease upon the La substitution. On the basis of the spectroscopic evidences presented here, we are able to attribute the T(c) reduction upon the La substitution to the depletion of the hole density in CuO2 layers and the accompanying variation of magnetic coupling behavior to the change of Ru oxidation state.     

ZrO_2-8mol%Y_2O_3纳米晶的碱性水热法合成及其烧结体的电性能研究

以湿化学法制得Zr(OH)_4和Y（OH）_3的共沉淀为前驱体，在碱性介质中用水 热法合成了ZrO_2-8 mol% Y_2O_3立方相纳米晶。研究发现，不同水热反应温度、 时间及pH值均对立方相纳米晶晶粒大小有较显著影响。将ZrO_2-8 mol% Y_2O_3纳 米晶在较低温度（1400 ℃）下烧结制备了致密的固体电解质陶瓷样品，比通常高 温固相反应法采用的烧结温度（> 1550 ℃）降低了150 ℃以上。测定了陶瓷样品 600 - 1000 ℃下的氧浓差电池电动势及氧泵（氧的电化学透过）性能。结果表明 ，用本研究方法制得的烧结体在高于800 ℃时的氧离子迁移数为1，具有优良的氧 离子导电性能。     

焙烧气氛对LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2中Li/Ni混排及电化学性能的影响

用固相法分别在氧气和空气气氛下合成了层状锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂, 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)及充放电性能测试对其结构、形貌和电化学性质进行表征, 用Rietveld精修计算晶体结构中的Li/Ni混排率, 研究了混排率与电化学性能的关系. 结果显示, 在不同的焙烧气氛下均能合成出纯相和结晶性良好的LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂, 但两种材料在电化学性能上存在一定的差异. 氧气气氛下焙烧合成的材料在首次放电容量, 循环稳定性方面均优于空气气氛下合成的材料. 在0.1C充放电条件下氧气气氛下焙烧得到的LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂材料首次放电容量达到178 mAh·g^-1, 充放电循环50圈后容量为165 mAh·g^-1, 容量保持率为92.7%; 而在空气气氛下焙烧得到的LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂材料首次放电容量为164 mAh·g^-1, 充放电循环50圈后容量为137 mAh·g^-1, 容量保持率为83.5%. 氧气气氛下合成的材料具有较优的电化学性能可归因于氧气气氛下焙烧合成的LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂具有较小的Li/Ni混排率.     

Ba0.9Sr0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α陶瓷的离子导电性

用高温固相反应法制备了质子导电性陶瓷Ba0.9Sr0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α。用粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对该陶瓷材料进行了表征;用交流阻抗谱技术和气体浓差电池方法研究了材料在500~900℃温度范围内、不同气体气氛中的离子导电性,并与BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-α和Ba0.9Ca0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α材料的导电性进行了比较。结果表明,该陶瓷材料为单一钙钛矿型BaCeO3斜方晶结构,具有良好的致密性,在高温下、CO2或水蒸气气氛中具有较高的稳定性。在湿润氢气气氛中、500~800℃温度范围内,材料的质子迁移数为1,是一个纯的质子导体;在900℃下,质子迁移数为0.964,是一个质子与电子的混合导体,质子迁移数高于BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-α(在700~900℃温度范围内,质子迁移数为0.95)。在湿润空气气氛中,材料的质子迁移数为0.019~0.032,氧离子迁移数为0.093~0.209,是一个质子、氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体,总电导率高于Ba0.9Ca0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α。在氢-空气燃料电池条件下,材料的离子迁移数为0.957~0.903,是一个质子、氧离子和电子的混合导体,离子电导率高于Ba0.9Ca0.1Ce0.9Nd0.1O3-α。     

Influences of alkaline earth metal substitution on the crystal structure and physical properties of magnetic RuSr1.9A0.1GdCu2O8 (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) superconductors

We have investigated the effect of alkaline earth metal substitution on the crystal structure and physical properties of magnetic superconductors RuSr(1.9)A(0.1)GdCu(2)O(8) (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) in order to probe an interaction between the magnetic coupling of the RuO(2) layer and the superconductivity of the CuO(2) layer. X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopic analyses demonstrate that the isovalent substitution of Sr ions with Ca or Ba ions makes it possible to tune the interlayer distance between the CuO(2) and the RuO(2) layers. From the measurements of electrical resistance and magnetic susceptibility, it was found that, in contrast to negligible change of magnetization, both of the alkaline earth metal substitutions lead to a notable depression of zero-resistance temperature T(c) (DeltaT(c) approximately 17-19 K). On the basis of the absence of a systematic correlation between the T(c) and the interlayer distance/magnetization, we have concluded that the internal magnetic field of the RuO(2) layer has insignificant influence on the superconducting property of the CuO(2) layer in the ruthenocuprate.     

方铁锰矿Mn2O3粉体的水热合成与表征

方铁锰矿型 Mn2 O3是固相法合成锂离子二次电池正极材料 L i Mn2 O4 的最佳原料之一 [1] .以其为锰源 ,可以很容易地制备锂离子二次电池正极材料 L i Mn2 O4 尖晶石 .采用其它合成方法都难以得到方铁锰矿 Mn2 O3的纯相 ,而是得到含有 α,β和 γ型的混合相 ,这对合成性能优良的正极材料 L i Mn2 O4极为不利[2 ] .采用水热合成法不仅可以人工合成沸石 ,而且已广泛用于合成多种无机功能材料[3～ 5] .无机原位氧化还原沉淀水热合成法 [6 ]可使多步反应的分子在原位水平上进行接触和反应 ,分子的扩散自由程大大缩短 ,因而降低了扩散的时间…     

Solution and solid-state preparation of 18-crown[6] complexes with M[HSO4]n salts (M = NH4+, K+, Sr2+ and n = 1, 2) and an investigation of solvation/desolvation processes and crystal polymorphism

18-Crown[6] ether has been used to prepare a new class of organic-inorganic complexes of general formula 18-crown[6]M[HSO(4)](n) (where M = NH(4) (+), K(+), Sr(2+) and n = 1, 2) by reacting directly in solution or in the solid state the crown ether 18-crown[6] with inorganic salts such as [NH(4)][HSO(4)], K[HSO(4)], and Sr[HSO(4)](2). The structures of 18-crown[6][NH(4)][HSO(4)]2 H(2)O (12 H(2)O), 18-crown[6][NH(4)][HSO(4)] (1), 18-crown[6]K[HSO(4)]2 H(2)O (22 H(2)O), 18-crown[6]K[HSO(4)] (2), and 18-crown[6]Sr[HSO(4)](2) (3) have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The reversible water loss in compounds 12 H(2)O and 22 H(2)O leads to formation of the corresponding anhydrous phases 18-crown[6][NH(4)][HSO(4)] (1), and 18-crown[6]K[HSO(4)] (2), which undergo, on further heating, enantiotropic solid-solid transitions very likely associated with the on-set of a solid state dynamical process. Similar high-temperature behavior is shown by 18-crown[6]Sr[HSO(4)](2) (3). The dehydration and phase-transition processes have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and variable temperature X-ray powder diffraction.     

Compound Formation in the Systems TeO2?SeO2 and TeO2?SeO2?H2O

The solid state reaction between TeO₂ and SeO₂ in inert atmosphere was studied by x-ray diffraction techniques and compound formation was observed. The pale-white reaction product α-TeSeO₄, obtained at 300°C, is not isostructural with the component oxides. The substance is stable at room temperature under exclusion of moisture but decomposes above about 320°C in dry atmosphere. Evidence is given for the formation of 3 TeO₂ · SeO₂ · nH₂O and other hydrated mixed oxides in the system TeO₂? SeO₂? H₂O; d-spacings are reported.     

Phase behavior of ranitidine HCl in the presence of degradants and atmospheric moisture--impact on chemical stability

For hydrophilic organic solids, it is well recognized that degradation is often promoted by exposure to humid conditions. Although this is an important issue for certain classes of materials, in particular pharmaceuticals, the factors which dictate the sensitivity of a given compound to moisture are not well understood. The goal of this work was to elucidate the synergistic influence of self-originating impurities and water vapor on the degradation kinetics of the histamine H2 receptor antagonist, ranitidine HCl. Physical mixtures of the drug and each of three major degradation products were subjected to conditions of elevated temperature and relative humidities. Pure samples showed a sigmoidal-shaped degradation profile for all storage conditions studied. During the lag time, the pure drug gained minimal quantities of moisture. Once degradation commenced, the samples started to absorb moisture. When mixed with the degradant, the lag period was eliminated for all storage conditions, even at low partial pressures of water. The extent of moisture gain by samples containing impurities could not be attributed to the presence of the impurity alone. It was found that the presence of impurities in contact with the surface of the drug, in combination with water vapor, promoted a phase transition of the crystalline material to the solution phase. A ternary phase diagram was constructed to visualize the proportion of the drug in the solid and solution phases as a function of impurity and moisture content. The increased mobility of molecules in solution presumably leads to enhanced reactivity relative to the crystalline material.     

Lewis acid fragmentation of a lithium aryloxide cage: generation of new heterometallic aluminium-lithium species

Heterometallic aluminium-lithium species were prepared by the fragmentation reaction of the hexametallic cage compound [Li{2,6-(MeO)(2)C(6)H(3)O}](6) (1) with alkyl aluminium derivatives. Depending on the aluminium precursor, the species formed present different nuclearities in the solid state as shown by single crystal X-ray analysis. Spectroscopic and computational studies have been performed to study the nuclearity of the synthesized compounds in solution.