含钨化合物催化合成己二酸研究进展

己二酸是工业上具有重要应用的二元羧酸,其合成方法的研究受到了广泛的关注.其传统的合成方法对环境造成了极大的破坏.利用含钨化合物作为催化剂催化合成己二酸是一种绿色环保的新方法,引起了人们的重视.作者介绍了近年来含钨化合物催化合成己二酸的研究进展,分析比较了不同催化剂体系的研究情况,展望了今后己二酸合成的发展前景.     

(R)-α-硫辛酸合成方法的研究进展

(R)-α-硫辛酸可用于预防和治疗糖尿病及相关并发症,也可以作为保健品使用,用途广泛,因而其高效合成方法长期以来受到广泛关注。 目前,合成(R)-α-硫辛酸的方法主要有酶和化学方法催化的不对称合成、消旋体的手性拆分以及手性底物控制的不对称合成。 本文将以此为分类标准,对目前所报道的(R)-α-硫辛酸合成方法进行总结归纳和展望。     

奥斯米韦合成进展

在综述神经氨酸酶抑制剂发展现状的基础上, 重点介绍了奥斯米韦的合成研究进展: 以(−)-奎尼酸、(−)-莽草酸、D-甘露糖和由苯及其衍生物为原料合成奥斯米韦的方法; 烯类化合物经Diels-Alder 反应合成奥斯米韦的方法.     

Enantioselective synthesis of paraconic acids

The development of a new method for the enantioselective synthesis of disubstituted gamma-butyrolactones is reported. Based on this strategy, the total synthesis of three paraconic acids, that is (-)-roccellaric acid, (-)-nephrosteranic acid and (-)-protopraesorediosic acid, and the formal total synthesis of (-)-methylenolactocin and (-)-protolichesterinic acid is described, which are important because of their antibiotic and antitumor properties. Key steps of the synthesis are copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanations of furans, highly diastereoselective Sakurai allylations, Lewis acid or Lewis base catalyzed retroaldol/lactonization cascades, and ruthenium(II)-catalyzed, intermolecular cross metathesis reactions.     

Control of amino acid transport in the mammary gland of the pregnant mouse

The regulation of the uptake of the amino acid analog alpha-aminoisobutyric acid was studied in diced mammary glands from pregnant mice. Stimulation of uptake by insulin was not prevented by inhibitors of protein synthesis; protein synthesis inhibitors decreased uptake by 20%; this response occurred more promptly in insulin-treated tissues. Elimination of extracellular amino acids led to a substantial increase in transport which was not abolished by inhibitors of protein synthesis. These results indicate that insulin does not increase amino acid transport in this system by altering synthesis and degradation of transport protein. They are consistent with a model in which the activity of the existing amino acid transport protein in subject to negative feedback regulation from the intracellular amino acid pool.     

Diastereoselective synthesis of (+)-nephrosterinic acid and (+)-protolichesterinic acid

A diastereoselective synthesis of (+)-nephrosterinic acid and (+)-protolichesterinic acid, common members of the paraconic acids is described. The synthesis is based on a diastereoselective orthoester Johnson–Claisen rearrangement of a (Z)-allyl alcohol with a vicinal dioxolane moiety as key steps. The synthesis is completed in 10 steps and with overall yields of 15.9% for (+)-nephrosterinic acid and 16.4% for (+)-protolichesterinic acid.     

α-硫辛酸的化学合成

自从α-硫辛酸的结构确定以后,有关α-硫辛酸的各种合成方法先后被报道。其合成分成三类:己二酸合成法,环己酮合成法,生物合成法。其中Baeyer-villiger是生成R型的α-硫辛酸的关键步骤。文章以常用的起始原料分类对α-硫辛酸的合成进行综述。     

Enantiodivergent total synthesis of microcarpalide from l-tartaric acid

Stereoselective approach for the synthesis of both enantiomers of bio-active decanolactone microcarpalide is described from l-tartaric acid. The synthesis of the key intermediates en route to the natural product is achieved from l-tartaric acid involving the elaboration of γ-hydroxy amide derived from tartaric acid and ring opening of an epoxide derived from tartaric acid.     

酸性条件下纯硅六方介孔分子筛的合成(Ⅱ)合成温度、时间的影响及其与碱性合成的比较

本文以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,考察了反应温度和时间对酸性条件下合成纯硅六方介孔分子筛的影响,并与碱性合成路径相比较。结果表明,由于无机物种与表面活性剂之间的相互作用不同,六方介孔分子筛的酸性合成经历了与碱性合成完全不同的机理。对要到性合成来说,由于六方结构的形成取决于稳定的模板胶束的存在,并不特别依赖于硅物种的缩合,故高温、长反应时间等有利于缩合的因素对提高产品质量几乎没有促进作用,较高的反应温度甚至起反作用。因此,酸性合成宜采用室温条件。     

对氨基苯甲酸的合成研究进展

综述了以对硝基苯甲酸为原料合成对氨基苯甲酸的近期研究进展。并从技术和经济角度讨论了各种合成方法的优点与不足。     

Synthesis of vulpinic and pulvinic acids from tetronic acid

A common precursor, tetronic acid, was used in the synthesis of several vulpinic acids and pulvinic acids, which are pigments found in several lichens and mushrooms. The key features of this method are a two-step alkylidenation of benzyl tetronate and a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. The synthesis of several natural products, vulpinic acid, pinastric acid, xerocomic acid is described.     

从叔醇制备叔硫醇

实验室中合成叔硫醇缺少简便方法。用叔醇和氢溴酸与硫脲直接反应是目前采用的方法。Lee和Akerstrom曾用此法合成了叔硫醇,但碳原子数没超过七个。Sprague及Kresze分别用干燥氯化氢及盐酸代替氢溴酸也合成了叔硫醇,但产率不高。本文提出了用叔醇、硫酸与硫脲反应来制备叔硫醇的方法,并合成了六个叔硫醇。     

毛细管胶束电动色谱在扁桃酸合成中的应用

扁桃酸是药物中间体,可以苯甲醛为原料在相转移催化剂作用下合成制得.为了选择最佳合成条件,提高扁桃酸的转化率,需要对合成过程中各组分的含量进行快速测定,及时指导最优合成条件的选择.产品扁桃酸中可能含有未反应的苯甲醛和副产品苯甲酸、苯甲醇等杂质.以往采用非水溶剂酸碱滴定分析法测定产品中扁桃酸的含量,但当产品中有苯甲酸等酸性物质存在时,会使测定结果偏高.由于待测样品中组分扁桃酸、苯甲酸酸性使沸点较高,     

Efficient synthesis of lupane-type saponins via gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation with glycosyl ortho-alkynylbenzoates as donors

Glycosylation of the acid labile betulin and betulinic acid derivatives was achieved with glycosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoates as donors under the catalysis of PPh(3)AuNTf(2); this enabled the efficient synthesis of lupane-type saponins, as exemplified by the total synthesis of the proposed betulinic acid trisaccharide from Bersama engleriana.     

生物催化不对称合成beta-羟基酸衍生物

手性β-羟基酸及其衍生物是应用化工和有机合成的关键中间体, 生物催化的不对称合成方法以其绿色环保, 简洁高效及高立体选择性已然成为一个新兴的研究热点。本文较系统的总结了生物催化的β-羟基酸及其衍生物不对称合成研究工作,重点介绍了脂肪酶,腈代谢酶及还原酶在合成手性β-羟基酸衍生物中的应用。最后,对今后生物催化不对称合成β-羟基酸的发展方向做一展望。     

Direct synthesis of p-nitrobenzoic acid and benzoic acids from benzyl ketones and acetophenones using the CAN/HOAc system

The synthesis of p-nitrobenzoic acid and benzoic acids from benzyl and methyl ketones has been described using cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate in acetic acid. This simple method for the oxidation of benzylic ketones can be used as a practical method for the synthesis of 4-nitrobenzoic acid.     

De novo synthesis of aceric acid and an aceric acid building block

The de novo synthesis of an aceric acid thioglycoside building block and the total synthesis of the plant carbohydrate aceric acid are described via a highly convergent strategy. Aldol reaction of acetaldehyde and a protected tartaric acid derivative provided the open chain carbohydrate. Subsequent acid treatment yielded the aceric acid thioglycoside in 35% total yield over five steps. Oxidative cleavage of the thioketal in the open chain carbohydrate and basic hydrolysis of the methyl ester furnished fully deprotected aceric acid in 31% yield over six steps.     

First diastereoselective synthesis of methyl caffeoyl- and feruloyl-muco-quinates

We report on a diastereoselective synthesis of six derivatives of caffeoyl- and feruloyl-muco-quinic acids. All the muco-quinic acid derivatives were obtained in excellent yield in five steps starting from quinic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid. Allyl ether protection of trans-hydroxy cinnamic acids was here introduced to chlorogenic acids synthesis. We show that muco-quinic acid derivatives, which are formally diastereoisomers of chlorogenic acids, can be readily distinguished by their tandem mass spectra.     

Preparation of DL-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-gamma-carboxy-glutamic acid-gamma, gamma'-di-t-butyl-alpha-methyl ester, a suitable derivative for peptide synthesis with the new aminotricarboxylic acid from prothrombin]

The first synthesis of a selectively, fully protected derivative of the new aminotricarboxylic acid found in prothrombin and other homologous blood-clotting factors, γ-carboxy-glutamic acid (Gla), is described. The compound DL -N-benzyloxycarbonyl-γ-carboxy-glutamic acid γ,γ′-di-t-butyl-γ-methyl-ester is potentially useful for peptide synthesis. The free amino-acid (DL -Gla) and DL -pyro-γ-carboxy-glutamic acid dimethyl-ester were also prepared.     

桦木酸及其衍生物的制备与抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

桦木酸是一种羽扇豆烷型的五环三萜类化合物,因具有显著的抗肿瘤和抗HIV病毒特性而受到人们关注。桦木酸存在于多种植物中,可以用提取法得到,但由于桦木酸在植物中含量低,其主要来源是由合成法得到。许多桦木酸衍生物也具有抗肿瘤活性。本文介绍了桦木酸的提取与合成等制备方法,以及几种桦木酸衍生物的合成路线,并对桦木酸及其衍生物的抗肿瘤途径和机理进行了概述。