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锂离子电池高温电解液 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文综述了适合高温锂离子电池用电解液的研究进展和发展前景。从电解质盐和溶剂的高温稳定性方面进行了论述,阐明了现有商用电解液体系在高温时的不足,提出了开发高温电解质盐、难燃有机溶剂、离子液体和阻燃添加剂的思路。通过官能团的修饰,可以克服现有锂盐的不足,开发出适用于高温条件的电解质盐。非碳酸酯类有机溶剂单独使用时的电化学性能较差,离子液体与常用正负极材料的兼容性有待改善,目前最有可能实用化的高温电解液是碳酸酯和阻燃剂的共混体系。通过引入多种阻燃元素或部分基团改进,可以合成出综合性能良好的阻燃剂,进而提高电解液的高温适用性。 相似文献
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有机溶剂对某些有机磷农药的NECC洗提影响的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以有机磷农药甲基对硫磷、对硫磷等为被试验物质,探讨了在十二烷基硫酸钠、硼砂电解液中加入甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙腈等有机溶剂对某些有机磷农药的毛细管胶束电动色谱分离的影响,并从电解液的物理化学性质和毛细管色谱动力学两方面阐明了其影响机理。 相似文献
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锂金属二次电池具有极高的能量密度,是下一代储能电池的研究热点。然而,金属锂负极在传统碳酸酯电解液1 mol·L?1 LiPF6-EC/DEC(ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate)中充放电时,存在严重的枝晶生长和循环效率低下等问题,阻碍了其商业化应用。因此,开发与锂负极兼容的新型电解液体系是目前重要的研究任务。与传统稀溶液相比,高浓度电解液体系具有独有的物化性质和优异的界面相容性,并且能有效抑制锂枝晶生长、显著提升锂负极的循环可逆性,因而格外受到关注。本文综述了高浓度电解液及局部高浓电解液体系的最新研究进展,分析了其溶液化学结构和物化性质,对其与锂负极的界面相容性、枝晶抑制效果、效率提升能力及界面稳定性机制进行了探讨;文章着重介绍了高浓与局部高浓电解液体系在锂金属二次电池中的应用,同时从基础科学研究和应用研究两个层面对高浓电解液和局部高浓电解液存在的主要问题进行了简要分析,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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本文以醋酸锂和钛酸丁酯为原料,以冰醋酸为抑制剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了晶态Li4Ti5O12负极材料。与自制的3种电解液和实验室常用的电解液分别组装成锂/钛酸锂半电池。采用恒流充放电测试、循环伏安法(CV)及交流阻抗法(EIS)对其电化学性能进行研究。研究结果发现:在以环状碳酸酯类(EC、PC)和线性碳酸酯类(MEC)为溶剂、以六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6)为电解质的电解液中添加双乙二酸硼酸锂(LiBOB),有利于提高半电池的性能,首次放电比电容达到了198mA.h.g-1,且放电比电容经多次充放电后衰减得较小。而在电解液中加入碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC),半电池的性能有所下降。Li4Ti5O12对电解液表现出较明显的兼容性。 相似文献
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石墨负极在Et4NBF4+LiPF6/EC+PC+DMC电解液中的电化学行为 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在PC+EC+DMC复合溶剂体系中,研究了Et4NBF4(四氟硼酸四乙基铵)与LiPF6组成的复合盐电解质对石墨负极材料界面性质的影响.用循环伏安和恒电流充放电测试方法研究了电解液与石墨负极的相容性,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对固体电解质中间相膜(SEI)的成分变化进行了研究.结果表明,电解液中的Et4NBF4参与了SEI膜的形成;当Et4NBF4浓度为0.2和0.5mol·L-1时,电池首次充放电不可逆容量损失明显减少,循环效率分别七升到76.O%和81.6%.Et4NBF4/LiPF6复合盐电解质改善了PC基电解质与石墨负极的相容性. 相似文献
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半导体电路及其元器件是实现现代信息传递的重要组成部分,随着无机电路特别是硅基电路的研究发展进入瓶颈,有机电路及其基本元器件的研究对于电路及系统的未来发展意义更加重大。近十年来,有机电路及其基本元器件取得了飞速的发展,多种基本元件器性能已经达到可应用程度,特别是在显示领域,基于有机半导体制备的OLED显示电路已经成为新一代显示器的选择。同时,有机电路也因其所具有的低成本、可弯折、高透光等特性而具有了更多的发展空间。本综述从构成有机电路的各基本部件出发,以各部分器件在电路系统中的应用为线索,从系统信息采集、信息处理、信息存储和信息输出4个方面简述了各部分基础元件的发展情况,并以基于有机场效应晶体管的器件为基础,对器件的结构、电性能的优化以及所面临的问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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Yongkun Yan Yan Zhao Yunqi Liu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2022,60(3):311-327
Organic integrated circuits are undergoing rapid development with the extensive research on organic semiconducting materials and the performance improvement of organic field-effect transistors. Organic integrated circuits not only cover all the major circuit types, their complexity, degree of integration, and performance have also been improved in recent years. In this review, recent advances in the design and fabrication of integrated circuits based on organic field-effect transistors are reported. The circuits are categorized into digital and analog, which are discussed in detail centering on the structure, fabrication process, and performance. In addition, progress in the modeling and simulation of organic integrated circuits are discussed as well, as they are key issues for the future development of organic electronics. 相似文献
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Xiaoxi Wu Lei Lv Lifang Hu Prof. Qinqin Shi Prof. Aidong Peng Prof. Hui Huang 《Chemphyschem》2019,20(20):2600-2607
Tellurophene-based small molecules and polymers have received great attentions owing to their applications in thin-film transistors, solar cells, and sensors. This article reviews the current progress of the synthesis and applications of tellurophene-based small molecules and polymers. The physicochemical properties and optoelectronic applications of tellurophene-based materials are summarized and discussed. In the end, the challenges and outlook of tellurophene-based materials are presented. 相似文献
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Ranjeet A. Dhokale Frederick J. Seidl Shyam Sathyamoorthi 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(13)
We show that 1M aqueous HCl/THF or NaBH4/DMF allows for demercurative ring-opening of cyclic organomercurial synthons into secondary silanol products bearing terminal alkenes. We had previously demonstrated that primary allylic silanols are readily transformed into cyclic organomercurials using Hg(OTf)2/NaHCO3 in THF. Overall, this amounts to a facile two-step protocol for the rearrangement of primary allylic silanol substrates. Computational investigations suggest that this rearrangement is under thermodynamic control and that the di-tert-butylsilanol protecting group is essential for product selectivity. 相似文献
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Herein, the photophysical, morphological, optical gain characteristics of a set of trigonal monodisperse starburst conjugated macromolecules ( Tr1‐Tr4 ) have been systematically investigated in order to elucidate the influence of the molecular structures on their optoelectronic performance. With increasing the oligofluorene arm length, absorption spectra were red‐shifted progressively, whereas an increase in photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and optical gain coefficients, and a corresponding reduction in amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) thresholds and loss coefficients were observed for Tr1‐Tr3 except for Tr4 . The results indicate that the effective conjugation length become saturated for Tr3 in this system. Impressively, the resulting molecules manifested very low ASE thresholds (4.4–11.6 μJ cm?2) with high photostability, as well as high thermal stability. One dimensional distributed feedback (DFB) lasers exhibited a minimum lasing threshold of 10.38 nJ pulse?1 (0.86 kW cm?2, 4.325 μJ cm?2) for Tr3 . It should be emphasized that the ASE threshold of Tr1‐Tr4 was nearly unchanged from room temperature to 200 °C. The results suggest that this kind of truxene‐cored conjugated starbursts with high photostability and low lasing thresholds are rather promising gain media for organic semiconductor lasers. 相似文献
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可拉伸有机电子器件具有高机械稳定性、优异的电学稳定性、低成本和生物兼容性好等优点,是未来电子器件发展的重要方向.功能性可拉伸有机电子器件更是为可穿戴和可植入设备、智能医疗以及软体机器人等新兴高技术领域提供了新的研究思路.本文综述了近年来功能性可拉伸有机电子器件的研究进展,包括场效应、光电、存储以及传感等有机晶体管,发光二极管、交流电致发光、发光电化学电池等有机光电器件,太阳能电池、超级电容器、纳米发电机等有机能源存储与转换器件,压力、应变、触觉、温度、气体等有机传感器,忆阻器、磁存储、仿突触存储等有机存储器,以及其他集成电路系统元件,最后就功能性可拉伸有机电子器件存在的科学问题与未来的发展方向提出了建议. 相似文献
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基于外场观测的大气二次有机气溶胶研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
二次有机气溶胶(SOA)是指挥发性有机物在大气中发生光化学氧化进入到颗粒相的产物,由于其具有强烈的环境效应、气候效应和人体健康效应,因此成为大气化学研究的热点. 然而由于SOA的复杂性和测量技术的限制,目前对SOA的研究还非常有限. 总体来说,对SOA的研究手段主要有三种方法:实验室模拟、模式模拟和基于外场观测的SOA研究. 由于SOA的研究非常广泛,本文仅综述了基于外场观测的SOA组成、来源和生成机制的研究,重点在于SOA组分的测量和总量的估算. 基于外场观测的SOA研究是随着技术的发展而发展的,早期的研究仅仅能对SOA的少数物种进行测量,主要是一些有机酸和多羟基化合物;也有利用一些假设对SOA进行粗略的估算,如受体模型法、非生物质燃烧水溶性有机物法;随着SOA实验室模拟研究和示踪物测量技术的发展,二次有机示踪物法真正做到了对特定前体物VOC生成SOA的估算;随着在线测量技术的提高,EC示踪/CO示踪和OC/EC比值法和基于气溶胶质谱(AMS)-正交矩阵模型(PMF)的方法被广泛应用于SOA的估算. 尤其是AMS-PMF联用方法的出现为SOA来源和生成机制的研究开拓了新的方向. 对AMS技术和示踪物技术的进一步联合和开发有望成为未来SOA研究重要的方向. 相似文献
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Kai Su Nurxat Nuraje Lingzhi Zhang I-Wei Chu Hiroshi Matsui Nan-Loh Yang 《Macromolecular Symposia》2009,279(1):1-6
Single crystalline nanoneedles of three families of the most studied conductive organic polymers - polythiophene, polyaniline and polypyrrole - were synthesized for the first time using an interfacial polymerization process that takes place with simultaneous crystallization. As the crystal growth is concurrent with polymerization, more ordered crystal packing can be expected. Most of the bulk conducting-polymer systems studied contains regions that are inhomogeneous. Single nanocrystals of conducting polymers have not been reported, although needle-shaped bulk crystals of the quarterphenyl cation radical salt have previously been studied. The investigation of processes in a nanodomain of a single crystal is critical in ascertaining the inherent electronic properties of polymer nanoelements. The organic conductive nanoneedles were characterized using TEM, HRTEM, electron diffraction, EDS, and EPR to establish their crystal structure and composition. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) investigation were conducted to examine their electronic behaviors, leading to the discovery of a field-induced conductance switching with response times on the millisecond level. The switch voltages are in the range of 3 to 4 volts in STM experiments, consistent with the trend of the band gap of the three polymers. The organic conductive nanoneedles with nano-tip having high density of mobile electron may serve as interesting elements for nanoscale electronics. 相似文献