壳聚糖/乙炔黑修饰电极上萘酚异构体的电化学行为及同时测定

制备了壳聚糖/乙炔黑复合修饰电极(CS-AB/GCE),采用SEM和交流阻抗法对其进行表征。并利用循环伏安法(CV)研究了萘酚异构体(α-N和β-N)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,对实验条件进行了优化。结果表明,在p H 7.0的PBS缓冲液中,α-N和β-N在该修饰电极上均出现一不可逆氧化峰,且在20~200m V/s范围内,其峰电流与扫速呈线性关系,表明电极过程是受吸附控制的不可逆过程。计算了电极过程的部分动力学参数,优化了差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)的实验参数,并对α-N和β-N进行同时测定,发现二者的微分氧化峰电流值与其浓度在2.5×10-6~1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(rα-N=0.996;rβ-N=0.998)。α-N和β-N的检出限(S/N=3)分别为3.4×10-7mol/L和2.4×10-7mol/L。采用该法对实际水样进行检测,得到α-N和β-N的加标回收率分别为96.7%~105.1%和98.8%~103.9%。     

乙萘酚在纳米银/壳聚糖-乙炔黑复合修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了纳米银/壳聚糖(AgCS)与乙炔黑(AB)复合修饰电极(AgCS-AB/GCE),用紫外可见分光光度法、扫描电镜法对AgCS进行表征,用交流阻抗法对不同电极进行表征,用循环伏安法(CV)研究了乙萘酚(β-N)在AgCS-AB/GCE上的循环伏安行为。结果表明,在pH 6.5的PBS缓冲液中,β-N在该修饰电极上出现一明显氧化峰,在60~240 mV/s扫速范围内,β-N的氧化峰电流(I pa)与对应扫速平方根(v1/2)呈良好的线性关系,表明β-N在该电极上的电化学过程为受扩散控制的不可逆过程。计算了电极过程的动力学参数,运用方波伏安法测定不同浓度β-N的方波伏安曲线,结果表明β-N的氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.0×10-7~2.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.996),检出限(S/N=3)为1.24×10-7mol/L,加标回收率为99%~105%。     

萘酚异构体在碳纳米管/铁氰化铜修饰电极上的电化学行为及同时测定

采用滴涂法和电聚合法制备了碳纳米管/铁氰化铜复合修饰电极(MWCNTs-Cu HCF/GCE),用交流阻抗法对其进行表征。并利用循环伏安法(CV)研究了萘酚异构体(α-N和β-N)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,考察了缓冲液、p H值、修饰剂用量、电聚合圈数及扫描速率对测定的影响。结果表明,在p H 7.0的PBS缓冲液中,α-N和β-N的氧化峰得到了较好分离,分别于0.335 V和0.505 V处出现一不可逆氧化峰,且在40~220 m V/s范围内,二者氧化峰电流与扫速(v)呈良好的线性关系,表明电极过程是受吸附控制的不可逆过程。计算了α-N和β-N在该修饰电极上的部分动力学参数。优化了差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)的实验参数,并对α-N和β-N进行了同时测定,发现二者的微分氧化峰电流值与其浓度在0.5~100μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(rα-N=0.992;rβ-N=0.996)。采用该法对实际水样进行检测,α-N和β-N的加标回收率分别为94.2%~105.7%和90.2%~103.3%。     

聚磷钼酸/乙炔黑修饰电极上乙萘酚的电化学行为及测定

制备了聚磷钼酸/乙炔黑修饰电极(PMA/AB/GCE),用循环伏安法(CV)研究了乙萘酚(EN)在该电极上的循环伏安行为。在pH 5.5的HAc-NaAc缓冲液中,EN在该修饰电极上出现一明显的氧化峰。在60~300 mV/s扫速范围内,其氧化峰电流(I pa)与扫速平方根(v1/2)呈线性关系,表明该电极过程是受扩散控制的不可逆过程。计算电极过程的部分动力学参数:电极有效面积为0.122 cm2,质子数与电子数均为1,扩散系数为D为9.64×10-5cm2/s。运用方波伏安法测定不同浓度EN的方波伏安曲线,结果表明氧化峰电流与EN浓度在9.0×10-7~1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.992),检出限(S/N=3)为6.35×10-7mol/L,加标回收率为92.8%~102.8%。     

磷钨酸/乙炔黑修饰电极上的阿昔洛韦电化学行为及其测定

本文制备了磷钨酸/乙炔黑修饰电极(PTA/AB/GCE),用循环伏安法(CV)研究了阿昔洛韦(ACV)在该修饰电极上的循环伏安行为。结果表明在pH 6.0的磷酸盐缓冲液中,ACV在该修饰电极上出现一明显的氧化峰。在60～220mV.s-1扫速范围内,其氧化峰电流(Ipa)与扫速平方根(v1/2)呈线性关系,表明该电极过程是受扩散控制的不可逆过程。计算了电极过程的部分动力学参数:电极有效面积为0.06902cm2,转移电子数为2,扩散系数为2.063×10-6cm2.s-1。运用方波溶出伏安法测定不同浓度ACV的方波溶出伏安曲线,结果表明氧化峰电流(Ipa)与ACV浓度在7.8×10-7～1.0×10-4mol.L-1范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9924),检出限(S/N=3)为3.1×10-7mol.L-1,加标回收率为95.69%～107.2%。     

氧氟沙星在乙炔黑修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

本文制备了一种乙炔黑修饰电极,研究了氧氟沙星(OFL)在该修饰电极上的循环伏安行为。结果表明,在pH=5的PBS缓冲液中,氧氟沙星在该修饰电极上出现一不可逆的氧化峰,在40～360 mV/s扫速范围内,氧化峰电流与扫速呈线性关系,表明该电极过程受吸附控制。计算了电极过程的部分动力学参数:反应电子数为2,电极有效面积为0.067 cm2。讨论了修饰剂用量、缓冲液种类、溶液pH值对测定的影响。用方波溶出伏安法对OFL进行测定,在2.5×10-6～2.5×10-4mol.L-1的浓度范围内与氧化峰电流(Ipa)呈线性关系,Ipa(μA)=-1.6148+0.2169c(10-6 mol.L-1),相关系数为0.9951,检出限为1.332×10-7 mol.L-1,回收率为90.40%～101.06%。     

微分脉冲伏安法对佐米曲普坦的测定研究

运用循环伏安法(CV)、微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对佐米曲普坦在碳糊电极(CPE)上的电化学性质进行研究,发现佐米曲普坦在pH=8.16的B-R缓冲液中于0.82V(vs.SCE)产生一个氧化峰。考察了pH、富集时间、扫速等因素的影响。采用微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对佐米曲普坦进行了实际测定,佐米曲普坦的氧化峰电流与其浓度在5.0×10-7～7.0×10-6 mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9980,检出限为2.6×10-8 mol·L-1。对佐米曲普坦的电极反应机理进行了探讨。     

聚L-组氨酸/乙炔黑修饰电极上对乙酰氨基酚的电化学行为及测定

制备了聚L-组氨酸/乙炔黑修饰电极(Poly-(L-His)/AB/GCE),并用交流阻抗法(EIS)对其进行了表征。用循环伏安法(CV)研究了对乙酰氨基酚(PCT)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。在p H 6.5的B-R溶液中,PCT在该修饰电极上出现一对氧化还原峰,在40~320 m V/s扫速范围内,氧化峰电流(Ipa)及还原峰电流(Ipc)均与扫速V呈线性关系,表明该电极过程受吸附控制。用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)测定不同浓度的PCT溶液,在8.0×10-7~1.0×10-4mol/L浓度范围内,氧化峰电流Ipa与PCT浓度呈线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为7.72×10-8mol/L。运用该方法对样品感冒灵颗粒进行了检测,回收率为97.8%~105.2%。     

乙炔黑修饰电极上吡虫啉的电化学行为及测定

制备了乙炔黑修饰电极(AB/GCE),并用循环伏安法(CV)研究了吡虫啉(IDP)在该修饰电极上的循环伏安行为。在pH 9.0的NH3.H2O-NH4Cl缓冲液中,IDP在该电极上出现一不可逆的还原峰。在20～240mV/s扫速范围内,其还原峰电流(Ipc)与扫速平方根(v1/2)呈线性关系,表明该电极过程受扩散控制。计算了电极过程的部分动力学参数:电极有效面积为0.0635cm2,转移电子数为2,扩散系数为3.793×10-3cm2/s。运用方波伏安法测定不同浓度IDP的方波伏安曲线,还原峰电流Ipc与IDP浓度在7.0×10-7～8.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9975),检出限为2.29×10-7mol/L,加标回收率为93.5%～105.3%。     

安乃近在蒙脱土修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了蒙脱土修饰电极,并采用循环伏安法研究了安乃近在该电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,该电极过程是一受扩散控制的不可逆过程。用方波溶出伏安法优化了实验参数,测定了浓度与峰电流Ipa的线性关系,发现Ipa与安乃近浓度在2.0×10-6~8.0×10-5mol.L-1之间呈良好的线性关系,其线性回归方程为:Ipa(μA)=-0.07784-15443.54c(μmol.L-1),r=-0.9993,检出限可达1.12×10-6mol.L-1,回收率为94.0%~108.25%。该方法可用于药物中安乃近含量的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.