煤基固体酸催化合成席夫碱反应

以煤基活性炭(AC)和苯胺(ANI)为原料,通过原位-溶液聚合法制备了煤基固体酸催化剂AC@PANI-SO_3H(APS),利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和热重分析(TG)等技术手段对催化剂进行了结构和性能的表征。研究了该催化剂在微波辐射下催化合成Schiff碱化合物的活性,并对其催化工艺条件进行了优化考察。结果表明,催化剂用量5%(以每摩尔邻苯二胺用量为基准),反应时间3~20 min,溶剂选用乙醇(Et OH),Schiff碱化合物产率可达80%~93%,说明该催化剂在微波催化合成席夫碱反应中变现出良好的催化活性,反应时间短,工艺简单操作,且催化剂能重复使用5次。通过红外发现,催化剂重复5次后活性下降的主要原因是固体酸表面键合的磺酸基官能团消失,从而导致活性降低。     

新型碳基固体酸SO_4~(2-)/Nd_2O_3/C制备及催化油酸与甲醇酯化反应合成生物柴油研究

在流化床管式炉中,通过对废山茶油壳进行高温炭化处理制备了一种碳基材料。以该碳基材料为载体,并对其进行稀土金属离子钕和硫酸磺化改性,合成了一种新型碳基固体酸催化剂SO_4~(2-)/Nd_2O_3/C。对制备而成的催化剂进行了多种物理化学表征分析,并以其为经甲醇和油酸酯化反应来合成生物柴油的催化剂,对其催化活性和稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,当甲醇和油酸物质的量比为2∶1,催化剂与反应物质量比为2%,反应时间为120 min,反应温度为90℃,油酸的转化率为96.70%。催化剂经循环使用三次后,油酸的转化率仍高达86.74%。高催化活性可归因如下:由于Nd、O、S元素的电负性分别为1.14、3.44和2.58,因而Nd易向O和S元素的2p空轨道提供孤对电子,使Nd~(3+)与SO_4~(2-)之间形成稳定的配位键。并且,由于S=O键具有强吸电子作用,而导致了与SO_4~(2-)配位的Nd~(3+)所产生的静电场增大,当有水(强配体)存在时,可使SO_4~(2-)/Nd_2O_3/C催化剂呈现出强Brnsted酸性。     

分级有序多孔磺化碳催化果糖转化制5-羟甲基糠醛

采用双模板自组装、炭化、氢氟酸蚀刻和磺化等手段制备了具有分级有序多孔结构的磺化碳(SCHOP),并分别在500、600和700℃考察了炭化温度对分级有序多孔碳微观结构的影响;以催化果糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)为探针反应,评价了SCHOP的催化效果。结果表明,500℃焙烧所制备的SCHOP具有最高的催化活性。SEM、TEM和N2吸附-脱附表明,所制备的催化剂具有规整的分级有序孔结构,但过高的炭化温度会降低炭材料微观结构的有序性;FT-IR、EDS和-SO3H含量测定表明,通过磺化可在碳基体上有效引入磺酸基,炭化温度过高会降低炭材料的芳香性,不利于磺酸基的引入。130℃下反应20 min,果糖的转化率和5-HMF的收率分别高达96.1%和93.4%,表明SCHOP是一种高效固体酸催化剂。     

磺酸功能化介孔聚合物催化“一锅法”无溶剂合成3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮

通过软模剂合成方法合成了高度有序具有二维六方(p6mm)的FDU-15介孔聚合物材料.利用气固相磺化法制备得到新型磺酸基功能化介孔聚合物固体酸(FDU-SO3H).通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及元素分析等测试手段对FDU-SO3H介孔材料的物化性能进行了表征.在无溶剂条件下,FDU-SO3H能有效地催化以芳香醛、乙酰乙酸甲酯和尿素(或硫脲)的三组分一锅法的Biginelli反应.在优化实验的条件下,合成了一系列3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮衍生物.考察了加料顺序、溶剂及反应底物对Biginelli反应的影响.苯甲醛、乙酰乙酸甲酯和尿素在无溶剂,90℃加热1 h的条件下反应,3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮的产率为91%.探讨了Biginelli可能的反应机理.实验结果证明,FDU-SO3H不仅具有催化活性高、对环境友好及在空气中稳定等优点,而且重复使用后仍能保持优异的催化活性.     

1-氨基乙内酰脲芳香醛类席夫碱的有效合成

以1-氨基乙内酰脲与芳香醛为原料,合成了6种1-氨基乙内酰脲芳香醛类席夫碱,收率为72.6%-89.2%,并对其反应条件进行了优化,得出在回流温度下,1-氨基乙内酰脲与芳香醛的投料摩尔比为1∶1(对苯二甲醛为2∶1)时反应1.5~2h产率最高。通过IR、1HNMR和元素分析表征了目标化合物的结构。     

“一锅法”无溶剂条件下碳基固体酸催化合成萘酚衍生物

无溶剂条件下,含高密度(1.96 mmol·g~(-1))-SO_3H基团的太西煤基活性炭@聚苯胺基磺化固体酸可有效催化2-萘酚、醛和胺三组分反应,并采用"一锅法"合成酰胺基烷基萘酚衍生物。考察了催化剂用量、温度及溶剂条件对产率的影响。结果如下:在无溶剂条件下,反应时间为20-80 min,反应温度为100℃,催化剂用量为1%时,产率可达76%-95%,且该催化剂重复使用4次仍保持较高活性。通过熔点,~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR分析对产物的结构进行测定和表征。同时推测该反应可能的反应机理。     

生物质炭基磺酸催化合成14-苯基-14H-二苯并[a,j]氧杂蒽的研究

以松树皮为原料,通过炭化和磺化得到炭基磺酸;以该新型固体磺酸催化合成14-苯基-14H-二苯并[a,j]氧杂蒽化合物,考察了催化剂制备过程中的炭化方式、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量等因素对反应的影响。结果表明,萘酚/苯甲醛=4 mmol∶2 mmol、8%mol炭基磺酸催化剂(相对于醛)、反应时间为1 h、反应温度为100℃,无溶剂条件下收到最好的效果。     

生物质炭基固体磺酸的制备及其酸催化性能研究

以马尾松木屑为原料,通过炭化、磺化法制备生物质炭基固体磺酸催化剂。通过中和滴定法测定催化剂表面比磺酸量,并应用于油酸与甲醇的酯化反应。以油酸的转化率作为考察指标评价其酸催化活性,考察了制备条件对固体酸催化剂催化活性的影响。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对催化剂进行了表征。通过正交试验确定固体酸催化剂的最佳条件为反应时间2 h;浓硫酸用量100 ml;催化剂用量13%;磺化温度165℃;油酸转化率可达91.36%。     

负载型催化剂(CuO/TUD-1,CuO/MCM-41)的制备及其在一步法氧化苯合成苯酚中的应用

以TUD-1和MCM-41为载体,通过等体积浸渍法制备了负载型催化剂CuO/TUD-1(Cat1)和CuO/MCM-41(Cat2),其结构和性能经XRD,SEM和N2吸附-脱附曲线表征。以过氧化氢氧化苯合成苯酚为探针反应,考察了Cat1和Cat2的催化活性。实验结果表明,Cat1的催化活性最佳,在最佳反应条件[Cat140mg,苯20mmol,n(苯)∶n(H2O2)=1∶2,于70℃反应6h]下,苯的转化率54.7%,苯酚的选择性92.8%。Cat1表现出较高催化活性的原因在于较Cat2具有更大的比表面积(273m2·g-1)、比孔容(1.132mL·g-1)、平均孔径(12.6nm)以及更好的热稳定性。     

离子液体/相转移催化剂促进的二茂铁基查尔酮的合成

乙酰基二茂铁与芳香醛在离子液体或相转移催化剂作用下进行Claisen-Schmidt缩合,高产率地合成二茂铁基查尔酮.其中,相转移催化剂能更有效地催化该反应,优化后的反应条件为:无水乙醇溶液,35℃,n(乙酰基二茂铁)∶n(芳香醛)∶n(四丁基六氟磷酸铵)∶n(NaOH)=1∶1∶2.5∶0.75.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.