Multiscale modeling approach to acoustic emission during plastic deformation

We address the long-standing problem of the origin of acoustic emission commonly observed during plastic deformation. We propose a framework to deal with the widely separated time scales of collective dislocation dynamics and elastic degrees of freedom to explain the nature of acoustic emission observed during the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect. The Ananthakrishna model is used as it explains most generic features of the phenomenon. Our results show that while acoustic emission bursts correlated with stress drops are well separated for the type C serrations, these bursts merge to form nearly continuous acoustic signals with overriding bursts for the propagating type A bands.     

Study of acoustic emission signals during fracture shear deformation

We study acoustic manifestations of different regimes of shear deformation of a fracture filled with a thin layer of granular material. It is established that the observed acoustic portrait is determined by the structure of the fracture at the mesolevel. Joint analysis of the activity of acoustic pulses and their spectral characteristics makes it possible to construct the pattern of internal evolutionary processes occurring in the thin layer of the interblock contact and consider the fracture deformation process as the evolution of a self-organizing system.     

Critical crack size for fracture during hot metal plastic deformation

During hot plastic deformation cracks originate at grain boundaries after critical deformation. Their propagation is, however, decelerated by the occuring dynamic recrystallization leading to the necessity of new cracks originating along boundaries of recrystallized grains. A model has been elaborated for determining the critical size of these cracks and its validity verified by hot torsion tests accomplished on low-carbon steel.     

Energy monitoring and analysis during deformation of bedded-sandstone: Use of acoustic emission

This paper investigates the mechanical behaviour and energy releasing characteristics of bedded-sandstone with bedding layers in different orientations, under uniaxial compression. Cylindrical sandstone specimens (54 mm diameter and 108 mm height) with bedding layers inclined at angles of 10°, 20°, 35°, 55°, and 83° to the minor principal stress direction, were produced to perform a series of Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) tests. One of the two identical sample sets was fully-saturated with water before testing and the other set was tested under dry conditions. An acoustic emission system was employed in all the testing to monitor the acoustic energy release during the whole deformation process of specimens. From the test results, the critical joint orientation was observed as 55° for both dry and saturated samples and the peak-strength losses due to water were 15.56%, 20.06%, 13.5%, 13.2%, and 13.52% for the bedding orientations 10°, 20°, 35°, 55°, and 83°, respectively. The failure mechanisms for the specimens with bedding layers in 10°, 20° orientations showed splitting type failure, while the specimens with bedding layers in 55°, 83° orientations were failed by sliding along a weaker bedding layer. The failure mechanism for the specimens with bedding layers in 35° orientation showed a mixed failure mode of both splitting and sliding types. Analysis of the acoustic energy, captured from the acoustic emission detection system, revealed that the acoustic energy release is considerably higher in dry specimens than that of the saturated specimens at any bedding orientation. In addition, higher energy release was observed for specimens with bedding layers oriented in shallow angles (which were undergoing splitting type failures), whereas specimens with steeply oriented bedding layers (which were undergoing sliding type failures) showed a comparatively less energy release under both dry and saturated conditions. Moreover, a considerable amount of energy dissipation before the ultimate failure was observed for specimens with bedding layers oriented in shallow angles under both dry and saturated conditions. These results confirm that when rock having bedding layers inclined in shallow angles the failures could be more violent and devastative than the failures of rock with steeply oriented bedding layers.     

Dynamic fracture model for acoustic emission

We consider the spin-glass phase of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model in the presence of a magnetic field. The series expansion of the Parisi function q(x) is computed at high orders in powers of τ = T _c - T and H. We find that none of the Parisi-Toulouse scaling hypotheses on the q(x) behavior strictly holds, although some of them are violated only at high orders. The series is resummed yielding results in the whole spin-glass phase which are compared with those from a numerical evaluation of the q(x). At the high order considered, the transition turns out to be third order on the Almeida-Thouless line, a result which is confirmed rigorously computing the expansion of the solution near the line at finite τ. The transition becomes smoother for infinitesimally small field while it is third order at strictly zero field. Received 3 March 2003 Published online 4 June 2003 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: andrea.crisanti@phys.uniroma1.it RID="b" ID="b"e-mail: tommaso.rizzo@phys.uniroma1.it RID="c" ID="c"e-mail: temtam@helios.elte.hu     

Kinetics of localized plastic flow during deformation and fracture of a D1 alloy

The stress-strain curve of a polycrystalline duralumine (D1) is studied to find three basic deformation stages: linear hardening, parabolic hardening (n = 1/2), and prefracture (n < 1/2). The results obtained show special features of macrolocalization of the plastic flow of the alloy under review. The distribution patterns of localized plastic flow domains develop according to deformation stages. The prefracture stage is characterized by self-correlated motion of the domains to the point of subsequent fracture. It follows from an analysis of the plastic flow localization kinetics that both hardening and softening domains coexist in the specimen in the prefracture stage. The domains move with a constant velocity inherent to each of them and linearly dependent on the position of their nucleation point. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 11, pp. 68–73, November, 2007.     

纳米混凝土声发射特性分析及其力学参数与声发射参数关系的研究

本文对不同二氧化硅掺量的纳米混凝土进行单轴压缩声发射试验。试验结果表明:当二氧化硅掺入量不超过3%时,纳米混凝土的声发射活性随着二氧化硅掺入量的增加而明显增强。从时间角度出发,在以时间参数作为中间变量的基础上推导出声发射能量累计数与应变的耦合关系。利用基于weibull分布的混凝土损伤本构模型,进一步推导出声发射累计数与应力以及损伤之间的耦合关系。结果表明理论曲线和试验数据结果吻合程度较好。     

Roughening of fracture surfaces: the role of plastic deformation

Post mortem analysis of fracture surfaces of ductile and brittle materials on the microm-mm and the nm scales, respectively, reveal self-affine cracks with anomalous scaling exponent zeta approximately 0.8 in three dimensions and zeta approximately 0.65 in two dimensions. Attempts to use elasticity theory to explain this result failed, yielding exponent zeta approximately 0.5 up to logarithms. We show that when the cracks propagate via plastic void formations in front of the tip, followed by void coalescence, the void positions are positively correlated to yield exponents higher than 0.5.     

Mesomechanics of plastic deformation and fracture of partially crystalline polyethylene

From the standpoint of physical mesomechanics, we have investigated plastic deformation mechanisms and the mechanical properties of partially crystalline polyethylene. We show that from the very beginning, plastic deformation occurs at the mesoscopic level. Fracture is preceded by fragmentation of the material. The observed stages of the process of plastic deformation of polyethylene are qualitatively similar to the stages of this process for metallic materials. The effect of electron bombardment on the mechanical properties of polyethylene is explained by the size reduction in the mesoscopic substructure formed on plastic deformation. Tomsk Polytechnical University. Zhilin University, People’s Republic of China. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 48–53, January, 1997.     

Statistical characteristics of acoustic signals reflected from maritime vessels during contintuous emission

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of fluctuations in echo signals from maritime vessels under conditions of near echo ranging with continuous targeted emission and reception at a frequency of 80 kHz. Data have been obtained on the fluctuation intensity, distribution functions, spectra, and time coherency fluctuations of echo signals at various vessel velocities for different reflecting and scattering areas of vessel hulls, different areas of the scattering layer of air bubbles formed at the hull of a moving vessel, and the cloud of air bubbles remaining behind the stern after a vessel has passed.     

Microstructure evolution during severe plastic deformation

Radiotracer diffusion studies of severely deformed, ultra-fine grained materials have revealed the presence of ultra-fast transport paths, which include “non-equilibrium” grain boundaries and free volume. Under some experimental conditions, percolating porosity is produced even in pure copper. Micro-cracks may form in metals, if the local maximum shear stress exceeds the shear yield stress. However, their growth and propagation is postponed till late in the deformation process owing to the ductility of metals, the hydrostatic component of the stress system and/or dynamic recovery/recrystallization. In other words, crack growth and propagation is present only when the scope for further deformation is highly restricted. Using this approach, the load required for equal channel angular pressing, the change in the slope of the Hall–Petch plot with decreasing grain size and the theoretical limit for the smallest grain size attainable in a metal in a severe plastic deformation process are predicted and validated by experimental results. Experimentally successful prevention of percolated crack formation by the superposition of a hydrostatic pressure is also accounted for using this model.     

Stochastic dislocation patterning during cyclic plastic deformation

A dislocation dynamical theory is developed for the formation of dipole dislocation patterns during cyclic plastic deformation in single glide. The stochastic dislocation dynamics adopted is suitable to account, in terms of a fluctuating effective medium, for the effects of long-range dislocation interactions on a mesoscopic scale. The theory can explain the occurrence of a matrix structure and persistent slip bands as a result of evolutionary processes, it gives the intrinsic strain amplitudes and the characteristic wavelength of these structures, and it allows for an interpretation of the structural changes associated with changes of the deformation conditions. Quantitative results are in good agreement with experimental observations.     

Hardening and softening during plastic deformation of hexagonal metals

The influence of temperature on the deformation behaviour of single crystals and polycrystals is investigated. The temperature dependences of the critical resolved shear stress, work hardening rates, the stress at the onset of stage C., the yield stress and maximum stress are reported. Possible deformation mechanisms concerning hardening and softening during plastic deformation of hexagonal metals are discussed.     

Role of local nanostructural states in plastic deformation and fracture of solids

The paper substantiates the concept of physical mesomechanics that the basis for nonlinear behavior of solids under plastic deformation and fracture is the formation of nanostructural states in local highly nonequilibrium zones. Their structural transformations and two-phase decay govern the generation of strain-induced defects and cracks. Nonlinear wave mechanisms of nanostructural states influence on plastic deformation and fracture are discussed.     

Electromagnetic emission in the development of macroscopically unstable plastic deformation of a metal

Electromagnetic emission accompanying the serrated deformation of the aluminum?magnesium alloy Al-6Mg has been revealed and studied experimentally. By means of high-speed video recording and a complex of methods for measuring the strain, load, and electric potential, it has been found that there is a relation between the electromagnetic emission signals and the dynamics of deformation bands. Possible mechanisms of the generation of electromagnetic signals have been discussed.