环境友好的选择性催化还原氮氧化物催化剂

富氧条件下的氮氧化物（NO。）选择性催化还原（SCR）是目前环境催化领域的研究热点,其核心问题是研发环境友好、高效稳定的SCR催化剂．目前,以NH3为还原剂的NH3-SCR已经大规模应用于固定源烟气脱硝和柴油车尾气净化,以碳氢化合物（Hc）为还原剂的HC-SCR也有望实际应用．针对NH3-SCR,本文以作者研究的铁钛复合氧化物催化剂、铈基氧化物催化剂以及国际上新兴的小孔分子筛催化剂为例,从催化剂结构、SCR反应机理、催化剂低温活性改进以及抗中毒性能等诸多方面对该领域的研究进展做了较为全面的论述．针对HC-SCR催化剂,本文在综述长链HC及柴油选择性还原NQ研究现状的基础上,结合作者在HC-SCR反应机理方面的研究成果,展望了实现柴油-SCR的发展方向．     

Imine-based covalent organic framework as photocatalyst for visible-light-induced atom transfer radical polymerization

Photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is an economical and environment-friendly method for synthesizing polymers with pre-designable structures and precise molecular weight. Although significant progress for copper-mediated photoinduced ATRP has been achieved, several drawbacks still remain, such as poor electron transfer capability and absorption bands of photocatalysts near UV region. Herein, imine-based covalent organic framework, TAPPy-TPA-COF , has been synthesized as potential heterogeneous photocatalyst for photoinduced ATRP. The “living” feature of polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) can be well controlled by efficiency maintain the balance between activation and inactivation of Cu^I and Cu^II. The chain extension experiments have further demonstrated the chain-end fidelity of polymers. Meanwhile, the catalyst recycle experiments have revealed stability of TAPPy-TPA-COF toward ATRP processes. These results support the feasibility of using COFs as heterogeneous photocatalysts for copper-mediated ATRP under visible light irradiation.     

The reduction of aromatic nitro compounds by oxiranes

Aromatic nitro compounds are reduced to the corresponding amines by epoxides at elevated temperatures (>170 °C).Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1491–1494, August, 1994.The authors are grateful to Prof. Yu. N. Belokon' for his participation in the discussion of the results of the work.This work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (code No. 93-03-18044).     

Chemo‐selective reduction of nitro and nitrile compounds using Ni nanoparticles immobilized on hyperbranched polymer‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles

The nitro and nitrile groups in aromatic and aliphatic compounds containing various reducible substituents such as carboxylic acid, ketone, aldehyde and halogen are selectively reduced to the corresponding amines in water as a green solvent with excellent yields by employing NaBH₄ in the presence of Fe₃O₄@PAMAM/Ni(0)‐b‐PEG nanocatalyst. The morphology and structural features of the catalyst were characterized using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The designed catalyst system because of it being covered with hydrophilic polymers is soluble in a wide range of solvents (e.g. water and ethanol) and suitable for immobilizing and stabilizing Ni nanoparticles in aqueous mediums. In addition, the catalyst can be easily recovered from a reaction mixture by applying an external magnetic field and can be reused up to six runs without significant loss of activity.     

Carbon dioxide reduction under visible light: a comparison of cadmium sulfide and titania photocatalysts

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Influence of chromium modification on the properties of MnOx-FeOx catalysts for the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3

Catalytic properties of MnO_x-FeO_x complex oxide (hereafter denoted as Mn-Fe) catalysts modified with different loadings of chromium oxide were investigated by using the combination of physico-chemical techniques, such as N₂ physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in situ FT-IR) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and their catalytic activities were evaluated with the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x by NH₃. It was found that with the addition of Cr, more NO could be removed in the low-temperature window (below 120 °C). Among the tested catalysts, Mn-Fe-Cr (2 : 2 : 1) catalyst exhibited the best catalytic performance at 80 °C with the NO conversion higher than 90%. The combination of the reaction and characterization results indicated that (1) the strong interaction among tertiary metal oxides existed in the catalysts when Cr was appropriately added, which made the active components better dispersed with less agglomeration and sintering and the largest BET specific surface area could be obtained; (2) Cr improved the low-temperature reducibility of the catalyst and promoted the formation of the active intermediate (–NH⁺₃), which favored the low-temperature SCR reaction.     

Ag(x)/ZSM-5催化剂的CH4-SCR脱硝性能

采用浸渍法制备Ag(x)/ZSM-5(x=3、6、9)催化剂。采用XRD、SEM、NH_3-TPD、Py-FTIR、XPS和NO-TPD等手段对催化剂的理化性质进行表征,在常压固定床微型反应器中评价催化剂甲烷选择性催化还原(CH_4-SCR) NO催化性能,考察Ag负载量对Ag(x)/ZSM-5催化剂CH_4-SCR脱硝性能的影响。结果表明,ZSM-5分子筛负载Ag,催化剂的酸性和酸量发生变化,改善了催化剂对NO的吸附脱附性能。随着Ag负载量增加,形成较大的Ag晶粒,有利于甲烷活化,Ag(x)/ZSM-5催化剂CH_4-SCR脱硝活性提高。Ag(9)/ZSM-5催化剂CH_4-SCR脱硝性能较好,在350℃时NO转化率为41.87%。     

Snx.Ti1‐xO2 solid solution catalysts for nitrogen oxide selective catalytic reduction by propene in presence of oxygen

A series of SnO₂‐TiO₂ binary oxide catalysts prepared by co‐current precipitation method was found to be a novel and good system for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by propene in the presence of oxygen with high activity and good selectivity to N₂. The NO conversion to N₂ over SnO₂‐TiO₂ oxide catalysts varied with SnO₂ content and attainted a maximum at 65% over the catalyst with SnO₂ content at 40wt% for a feed with 1186 ppm NO, 948 ppm propene and 2.23% O₂, in He and a space velocity of 15000 h^?1 at 350°C. The SnO₂TiO₂ catalysts could sustain moderate activity in the presence of 10% steam. Because of the identical valence and the similar radius of Sn⁴⁺ and Ti⁴⁺, SnO₂‐TiO₂ binary oxides can form solid solution in three different phases as proved by XRD, electron diffraction and TPR. Sn⁴⁺ is the main active species in the SnO₂‐TiO₂ catalysts, and it is enriched on the solid solution surface as tested by XPS analysis. H₂‐TPR, NH₃‐TPD and BET tests show that SnO₂‐TiO₂ solid solution can dilute SnO₂ and suppress the activity of propene complete oxidation over SnO₂. This may be beneficial to the reactivity enhancement of NO conversion.     

Novel vanadium phosphate phases as catalysts for selective oxidation

In our effort to induce novel modifications in the structure of some important vanadium phosphate phases used as selective oxidation catalysts, it has been observed that metal ions such as Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pd²⁺can be incorporated into the vanadyl hydrogen phosphate VOHPO₄0.5H₂O phase in very different ways depending upon the medium of preparation. It has been found that the metal ions are either substituted into the lattice with retention of structure of the parent compound or intercalated between the layers of a new mixed-valent phase. These new metal-incorporated phases are catalytically active and the palladium incorporated compound in particular displays shape selective catalysis for different oxidation and reduction reactions. In another approach, the preparation of VOHPO₄0.5H₂O) has been modified to give a novel crystalline phase containing mixed-valentvanadium and having NH₃ species bound to the lattice. This phase could be a potential catalyst for ammoxidation reactions. In addition, novel mesostructured vanadium phosphate phases have been prepared using a long-chain amine as the templating agent involving a ligand templating mechanism of formation.     

BiOCI-ovl坡缕石复合可见光催化剂的制备及其对醇类的选择性氧化研究

采用简单的一步水热法,制备了一系列BiOCl-ov/坡缕石（PGS）复合材料x B/P（x是复合材料中BiOCl-ov的摩尔含量）.通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、N₂吸附-脱附、红外光谱（FT-IR）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）、荧光光谱（PL）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）对复合光催化剂的结构、形貌和光学性质以及电化学性质做了详细的表征.研究了催化剂在可见光条件下对芳香醇的选择性氧化的催化性能,结果表明,以所得复合材料为催化剂,在可见光照射下,苯甲醇转化率达到了78%,产物苯甲醛的选择性达到了86%,且催化剂的光稳定性良好.     

碳化硅负载氧化铜催化剂低温NH3选择性催化还原NOx的性能

采用湿浸渍法制备了碳化硅负载的氧化铜(CuO/SiC)催化剂,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对其进行了表征,在模拟烟气条件下研究了该催化剂对低温NH_3选择性催化还原NO_x的性能。结果表明,CuO/SiC还原NO的催化活性与氧化铜含量和反应温度有关。负载质量分数为5%的CuO/SiC催化剂在低温下表现出较高的活性,虽然SO_2对其催化活性略有抑制;研究发现,NO还原反应发生在被吸附的氨与气相的NO或弱吸附的NO之间。所制备的CuO/SiC催化剂为实际的工业应用提供了新的选择。     

Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation by Using Dye‐Sensitized Graphene Oxide as a Photocatalyst

Dye‐sensitized graphene oxide is able to generate hydrogen from water/methanol mixtures (80:20) by using visible or solar light. The most efficient photocatalyst tested contained a tris(2,2‐bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) complex incorporated in the interlayer spaces of a few layers of graphene oxide with a moderate degree of oxidation. The graphene oxide‐based photocatalyst does not contain noble metals and we have determined that it is two orders of magnitude more active than catalysts based on conventional titania.     

Fe-Mn/Al2O3催化剂低温 NH3选择性催化还原 NO的性能

本文制备了一系列 Fe-Mn/Al2O3催化剂,并在固定床上考察了其 NH3低温选择性催化还原 NO的性能.首先考察了不同 Fe负载量制备的催化剂的脱硝性能,优选出最佳的 Fe负载量;在此基础上,研究了 Mn负载量对催化剂脱硝效率的影响;最后,对优选催化剂的抗 H2O和抗 SO2性能进行了实验研究;同时,对催化剂由于 SO2所造成的失活机制进行了考察.采用 N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、透射电镜、能量弥散 X射线谱、程序升温还原、程序升温脱附、X射线光电子能谱、热重和傅里叶变换红外光谱等方法对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,最佳的 Fe和 Mn负载量均为8%,所制的8Fe-8Mn/Al2O3催化剂在150°C的脱硝效率可达近99%;同时,在整个低温测试区间(90–210°C)的脱硝效率均超过了92.6%. Fe在催化剂表面主要以 Fe3+形态存在,而 Mn主要包括 Mn4+和 Mn3+; Mn的添加提高了 Fe在催化剂表面的积累,促进了催化剂比表面积增大和活性物种分散,改善了催化剂氧化还原性能和对 NH3的吸附能力.催化剂的高活性主要是由于其具有较大的比表面积、高度分散的活性物种、增加的还原特性和表面酸性、较低的结合能、较高的 Mn4+/Mn3+和增强的表面吸附氧.此外,8Fe-8Mn/Al2O3的催化性能受 H2O和 SO2影响较小,抗 H2O和 SO2能力较强.同时,反应温度对催化剂的抗硫性有重要影响,在较低的反应温度下,催化剂抗硫性更好; SO2造成催化剂活性降低主要是由于催化剂表面硫酸盐物种的生成.一方面,表面硫酸铵盐的生成造成催化剂孔道堵塞和比表面积降低,减少了反应中的气固接触从而导致活性降低;另一方面,催化剂表面的活性物种被硫酸化,造成反应中的有效活性位减少,从而降低了催化剂活性.     

SCR脱硝过程中SO2催化氧化的原位红外研究

采用工业用V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂催化剂,基于傅里叶原位红外光谱(FT-IR)技术考察SO₂的氧化过程及烟气组分对SO₂氧化行为的影响;结果表明,SO₂在催化剂表面氧化主要是首先吸附在催化剂表面V₂O₅活性位上,占据其O原子,以SO^2-₃形式存在,后与催化剂表面V⁵⁺-OH发生反应,生成金属硫酸盐(VOSO₄)中间产物,O₂重新氧化催化氧化过程中由于被SO₂夺取O原子而被还原的V₂O₅物种,使V⁴⁺转化为V⁵⁺,促进金属硫酸盐(VOSO₄)向SO₃转化;SO₂与NO、NH₃的竞争吸附阻碍SO₂在V₂O₅活性点位上的氧化;在SCR中,NO的脱除与SO₂的氧化是相互抑制的关系。     

Synthesis of brominated 2-(tert-butyl-NNO-azoxy)anilmes

2-(tert-Butyl-NNO-azoxy)aniline was prepared by selective reduction of 2-(tert-butyl-NNO-azoxy)nitrobenzene. Its bromination yielded the correspondingpara-bromo- andortho, para-dibromoanilines (3a,b).meta-Bromoanilines (6a,b) were synthesized by selective replacement of theortho-bromine atoms in ortho,para-bromo(tert-butylazoxy)benzenes (5a,b) by ammonia in toluene under pressure.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1620–1623, September, 1994.This work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 93-03-18461).     

Mn/Ce改性菱铁矿催化剂在SCR脱硝反应中的特性研究

富含过渡元素的菱铁矿是用于制备选择性催化还原（SCR）脱硝催化剂的理想材料。在本研究中,对菱铁矿掺杂了Mn和Ce,并研究了Mn-Ce共掺杂改性菱铁矿在NH₃-SCR反应中去除NO_x的活性。结果表明,经过450℃煅烧后菱铁矿的主要成分FeCO₃能够转化为Fe₂O₃。菱铁矿掺杂Mn和Ce后能够提高比表面积和表面酸度,降低硫酸铵盐在催化剂表面上的热稳定性。因此,Mn-Ce共掺杂改性菱铁矿催化剂表现出较高的SCR脱硝活性和抗硫性。3% Mn1% Ce-菱铁矿催化剂在脱硝效率高于90%的温度窗口能够拓宽至180-300℃,同时在引入SO₂ 7.5 h后该催化剂的脱硝效率仍高于75%。