基于量子相干性的四体贝尔不等式构建

贝尔不等式在定域性和实在性的双重假设下,对于被分隔的粒子同时被测量时其结果的可能关联程度建立了一个严格的限制,违反贝尔不等式确保量子态存在纠缠.本文利用量子相干性的l1和相对熵测度构建了四体量子贝尔不等式,发现一般实系数Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger纯态和簇纯态总是违反四体相对熵相干性测度贝尔不等式,因此违反四体相对熵相干性测度贝尔不等式的这些态是纠缠态.     

Teleportations of Mixed States and Multipartite Quantum States

In this paper, we propose a protocol to deterministically teleport an unknown mixed state of qubit by utilizing a maximally bipartite entangled state of qubits as quantum channel. Ira non-maximally entangled bipartite pure state is employed as quantum channel, the unknown mixed quantum state of qubit can be teleported with 1 -√ 1- C^2 probability, where C is the concurrence of the quantum channel. The protocol can also be generalized to teleport a mixed state of qudit or a multipartite mixed state. More important purpose is that, on the basis of the protocol, the teleportation of an arbitrary multipartite （pure or mixed） quantum state can be decomposed into the teleportation of each subsystem by employing separate entangled states as quantum channels. In the case of deterministic teleportation, Bob only needs to perform unitary transformations on his single particles in order to recover the initial teleported multipartite quantum state.     

Quantum Logic, Probability, and Information: The Relation with the Bell Inequalities

We study the relation between the Bell inequalities—characteristic of noncontextual hidden variables theories of quantum mechanics—with quantum logic, quantum probability, and quantum information. The emphasis is on clarity and simplicity, although sometimes this implies a lack of mathematical rigor which, I hope, could be resolved without difficulty by the reader.     

Quantum States Transfer by Analogous Bell States

Transmitting quantum states by channels of analogous Bell states is studied in this paper. We analyze the transmitting process. constructed the probabilitic unitary operator, and gain the largest successful transfer quantum state probability.     

Bell's inequalities between independent particles

The prospect of inducing quantum correlations between two particles that have never interacted is discussed. It is shown that a quantum mechanical state can be formed that predicts violations of Bell's inequalities of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt type between two particles which have been at space-like separations for all times. It is also shown that these are the strongest inequalities derivable from a general local realistic theory using the same strong locality assumptions as in the Bell inequalities.     

Nonlocality in many-body quantum systems detected with two-body correlators

Contemporary understanding of correlations in quantum many-body systems and in quantum phase transitions is based to a large extent on the recent intensive studies of entanglement in many-body systems. In contrast, much less is known about the role of quantum nonlocality in these systems, mostly because the available multipartite Bell inequalities involve high-order correlations among many particles, which are hard to access theoretically, and even harder experimentally. Standard, “theorist- and experimentalist-friendly” many-body observables involve correlations among only few (one, two, rarely three...) particles. Typically, there is no multipartite Bell inequality for this scenario based on such low-order correlations. Recently, however, we have succeeded in constructing multipartite Bell inequalities that involve two- and one-body correlations only, and showed how they revealed the nonlocality in many-body systems relevant for nuclear and atomic physics [Tura et al., Science 344 (2014) 1256]. With the present contribution we continue our work on this problem. On the one hand, we present a detailed derivation of the above Bell inequalities, pertaining to permutation symmetry among the involved parties. On the other hand, we present a couple of new results concerning such Bell inequalities. First, we characterize their tightness. We then discuss maximal quantum violations of these inequalities in the general case, and their scaling with the number of parties. Moreover, we provide new classes of two-body Bell inequalities which reveal nonlocality of the Dicke states—ground states of physically relevant and experimentally realizable Hamiltonians. Finally, we shortly discuss various scenarios for nonlocality detection in mesoscopic systems of trapped ions or atoms, and by atoms trapped in the vicinity of designed nanostructures.     

Determinism in Free Bosons

It is shown how to map the quantum states of a system of free Bose particles one-to-one onto the states of a completely deterministic model. It is a classical field theory with a large (global) gauge group.     

非对称自旋-轨道耦合系统的多体量子相干含时演化

本文以具有非对称性自旋相互作用的三体自旋系统为研究对象,重点研究了三体量子相干含时演化规律.采用精确量子对角化和基于量子主方程的数值模拟方法,讨论了三体量子系统中多种量子相干组分及其退相干.研究发现,量子相干组分的含时演化与整个系统的初态量子特性紧密相关.当初态为可分离纯态时,在较短时间内,非对称相互作用有利于增加多体量子相干度.这些量子相干度因受噪声影响而逐渐衰减.当初态为类Werner态时,量子相干度的分布满足加和性,即三体量子相干度等于所有两体量子相干度之和.自旋之间非对称相互作用和环境噪声都会引起三体量子相干度大于所有两体量子相干度之和.这些结论有助于多体量子资源的制备.     

Bell-type inequalities on tensor products of quantumlogics

The problem of Bell-type inequalities on tensor products of quantum logics is studied. To formulate the problem the definition of tensor product used for sum logics by Hudson and Pulmannová is generalized to arbitrary orthomodular lattices and the existence of such product for lattices describing the simplest EPR-Bohm experiment is shown. It is proved that Bell-type inequalities hold for all product states.     

Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing Using Two-Photon Three-Dimensional Bell States

We present a two-photon three-dimensional multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme. The secret messages are encoded by performing local operations. This is different from those quantum secret sharing protocols that all sharers must make a state measurement. The merit of our protocol is the high capacity.     

Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing Using Two-Photon Three-dimensionalBell States

We present a two-photon three-dimensional multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme. The secret messages are encoded by performing local operations. This is different from those quantum secret sharing protocols that all sharers must make a state measurement. The merit of our protocol is the high capacity.     

Matrix Tensor Product Approach to the Equivalence of Multipartite States under Local Unitary Transformations

The equivalence of multipartite quantum mixed states under local unitary transformations is studied. A criterion for the equivalence of non-degenerate mixed multipartite quantum states under local unitary transformations is presented.     

Quantum Private Comparison Protocol Based on Bell Entangled States

In this paper,a quantum private comparison protocol is proposed based on bell entangled states.In our protocol,two parties can compare the equality of their information with the help of a semi-honest third party.The correctness and security of our protocol are discussed.One party cannot learn the other's private information and the third party also cannot learn any information about the private information.     

Principles of maximally classical and maximally realistic quantum mechanics

Recently Auberson, Mahoux, Roy and Singh have proved a long standing conjecture of Roy and Singh: In 2N-dimensional phase space, a maximally realistic quantum mechanics can have quantum probabilities of no more than N+1 complete commuting cets (CCS) of observables coexisting as marginals of one positive phase space density. Here I formulate a stationary principle which gives a nonperturbative definition of a maximally classical as well as maximally realistic phase space density. I show that the maximally classical trajectories are in fact exactly classical in the simple examples of coherent states and bound states of an oscillator and Gaussian free particle states. In contrast, it is known that the de Broglie-Bohm realistic theory gives highly nonclassical trajectories.     

Bell Inequalities and Separability of Uncommon Causes from the Setup Configuration

In the present paper the integration region Λ with more than one hidden variable is attributed to a pair of particles in the Bell's thought experiment as the local causal events in their common lightcone. Moreover, the possibility of uncommon causal events influencing the spin measurement is not ignored. Then, with regard to the separability of the influence of the uncommon events from configuration of the setup, and by relying on local realism and coherency, each of the Bell's inequality versions is obtained by measuring spin in three and four different directions. PACS numbers: 03.65.Ud 03.65.Ta.     

贝尔不等式的量子违背及其实验检验——兼议2022年诺贝尔物理学奖

2022年诺贝尔物理学奖授予法国、美国和奥地利的三位科学家阿兰·阿斯佩、约翰·弗朗西斯·克劳泽和安东·塞林格,以表彰他们利用纠缠光子实验检验贝尔不等式以及在开拓量子信息科学方面做出的卓越贡献。贝尔不等式在量子力学基本问题和量子信息研究中都有着不可或缺的地位,它的违背直接揭示了量子力学的基本特征——量子非定域性。文章在讲清楚基本科学概念的基础上,简要介绍了贝尔不等式理论的建立及验证其违背的实验研究的科学历程。为了解决EPR佯谬,基于玻姆的定域隐变量理论,约翰·贝尔提出了关于纠缠态上的关联测量满足的基本不等式——贝尔不等式。他还发现,量子力学关于关联的计算结果违背贝尔不等式,可以在类空距离上展现出“鬼魅”的长程量子关联。这种长程关联看似有超光速的“超距作用”,但这只是人们明显或潜在地使用了“波包塌缩假设”。EPR文章明显地采用这个假设推断远方客体共存的物理实在要素,由此对量子力学完备性提出质疑。文章评述了阿斯佩、克劳泽和塞林格荣获诺贝尔物理学奖的关于贝尔不等式违背的判定性实验,介绍了华人物理学家在纠缠态和贝尔不等式研究方面的基础性贡献,包括早年吴健雄利用正负电子湮灭产生EPR光子的先驱性实验,李政道和杨振宁关于产生两个中性K介子K⁰—${\\rm{\\bar K}}$⁰形成EPR态的建议,史砚华、欧泽宇、彭堃墀等利用非线性光学晶体,包括陈创天等人发现的非线性光学晶体,产生纠缠光子对的原创性工作。     

基于Bell态和Bell测量的无信息泄露受控双向量子安全直接通信(英文)

提出一个无信息泄露的受控双向量子安全直接通信协议.协议中合法通信双方Alice和Bob在控制者Charlie的控制下实现彼此秘密信息的安全交换,利用3个Bell态纠缠交换后的测量相关性来克服信息泄露问题.由于该协议仅利用Bell态作为量子资源,而且仅需要进行Bell测量,所以方便实现.安全性分析表明,该协议不仅能检测到外部窃听者的主动攻击,而且还能检测到控制者Charlie的不诚实行为,因此,具备良好的安全性.     

The use of Bell inequalities in quantum optics

Experimental observed violations of Bell inequalities might be due to some selection process which conspires to produce the non-classical correlation. Therefore it is important to carry out a careful analysis of the selection process involved in any test of Bell inequalities.     

First experimental test of bell inequalities performed using a non-maximally entangled state

We describe the realisation of a new test of Bell inequalities using a new scheme obtained by the superposition of type I parametric down conversion produced in two different non-linear crystals pumped by the same laser, but with different polarisations. This experiment is the first test of Bell inequalities using a non-maximally entangled state and thus represents an important step in the direction of eliminating the detection loophole.