LaCl3对轮藻光合色素含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响

研究了LaCl3对轮藻光合色素含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响,La3+浓度分别为0,0.2,1.0和5.0 μmol·L-1.结果表明0.2和5.0 μmol·L-1La3+处理降低了轮藻叶绿素b的含量,5.0 μmol·L-1 La3+处理降低了叶绿素a+b的含量;类胡萝卜素含量在1.0 μmol·L-1 La3+处理组显著高于对照.随着La处理浓度的提高超氧化物歧化酶的活性逐渐升高,处理组谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶活性均显著高于对照,且在1.0 μmol·L-1La处理组达到最大值,0.2和5.0 μmol·L-1 La3+处理将抑制过氧化氢酶活性,其变化规律与叶绿素b相似.实验浓度的La3+处理可能引起了轮藻植株的氧化损伤,作为应激反应,GSH-Px酶活性及类胡萝卜素含量的升高在一定程度上缓解了氧化损伤.     

镧与钕对隐甲藻的生长、 DHA合成及固氮活性的影响

研究了不同浓度的La3+和Nd3+对隐甲藻(Crythecodinium cohnii)ATCC30556的细胞形态、生长、 DHA合成和固氮活性的影响.LaCl3在30和60 mg*L-1时对隐甲藻的细胞生长有轻微刺激作用; 当浓度高于90 mg*L-1时有抑制作用, 随浓度的提高而抑制作用增强, 细胞缩小; NdCl3在30和60 mg*L-1时对, 该菌细胞生长有轻微抑制作用, 高于90 mg*L-1时抑制作用明显增强, 细胞缩小.两种稀土元素在30和60 mg*L-1时对该菌二十二碳六烯酸的生成有刺激作用, 高于90 mg*L-1时则有抑制作用.La3+在0～120 mg*L-1, Nd3+ 在0～90 mg*L-1时对固氮酶活性有刺激作用, La3+ 和Nd3+ 分别高于120和90 mg*L-1时则有抑制作用, 并随浓度的增高, 抑制作用明显增强.     

镧对UV-C胁迫下番茄幼苗的防护作用

在温室中研究了La3+对UV-C辐射胁迫下番茄幼苗保护酶活性及光合色素的影响.结果表明:UV-C胁迫降低了番茄幼苗SOD和POD活性,增加了膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量.La3+对UV-C胁迫下番茄幼苗SOD和POD有显著的调控作用.与单一UV-C胁迫组相比,番茄幼苗SOD活性平均增加了38.03%,POD活性平均增加了20.43%,番茄幼苗MDA含量平均降低18.63%,表明La3+有效防止了番茄幼苗细胞膜脂过氧化作用,一定程度上缓解了番茄幼苗膜系统的伤害.La3+能够显著缓解UV-C辐射胁迫对光合色素的降解作用.与单一UV-C胁迫组相比,番茄幼苗叶绿素a平均提高了17.65%.叶绿素b平均提高了17.11%,类胡萝卜素含量维持较高水平.综合比较各项指标,30 mg·L-1LaCl3在UV-C辐射胁迫下对番茄幼苗的防护效果好于60 mg·L-1LaCl3.     

盐胁迫下镧对小麦幼苗叶片抗氧化系统活性的影响

研究了盐胁迫下La3 对小麦幼苗叶片抗氧化系统活性的调节作用。结果显示,盐胁迫显著增加了细胞膜的相对透性,提高了丙二醛含量及.O2-和H2O2在体内的累积量,从而对小麦叶片造成了一定程度的氧化伤害,其伤害强度随盐浓度的增加而增大。适当浓度La3 处理提高了盐胁迫下小麦幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)等抗氧化酶活性,对与AsA-GSH循环相关酶类如抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性也有不同程度的促进作用,从而提高了盐胁迫下小麦植株清除自由基的能力,降低了细胞膜脂过氧化水平,减轻了盐分对小麦幼苗的伤害程度,表明适当浓度的La3 处理对提高小麦抗盐能力是有益的。     

硝普钠对镧胁迫下黑麦草幼苗叶片碳氮代谢和抗氧化系统的影响

为了探讨一氧化氮(NO)对镧胁迫下牧草生理响应的调节作用,采用水培方法,研究了NO供体硝普钠(SNP)对300μmol.L-1LaCl3胁迫下黑麦草幼苗生长、碳氮代谢和抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明:LaCl3胁迫下,喷施50μmol.L-1SNP能显著缓解幼苗生物量的下降,提高叶片超氧化物歧化酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性,降低超氧阴离子(O2.-)产生速率及H2O2和丙二醛含量;促进可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质积累,提高二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶、内肽酶和羧肽酶活性。表明NO可通过提高活性氧清除能力,维持碳氮代谢正常运转,从而缓解LaCl3胁迫对黑麦草生长的抑制作用。     

镧对镉离子胁迫下黑曲霉抗氧化酶活性变化的影响

分别应用含有120μmol·L-1 La3+,50μmol·L-1 Cd2+,100μmol·L-1 Cd2+,50μmol·L-1 Cd2++120μmol·L-1 La3+,100μmol·L-1Cd2++120μmol·L-1 La3+的培养基培养黑曲霉,3 d后测定黑曲霉菌球的生物量及其胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(POD)和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性及脂质过氧化产物(MDA)的变化。结果表明,50和100μmol.L-1Cd2+降低了黑曲霉生物量和五种抗氧化酶活性,并诱导了MDA产物的升高。与Cd2+单一处理比较,50μmol·L-1 Cd2++120μmol·L-1 La3+和100μmol·L-1 Cd2++120μmol·L-1 La3+处理组均不同程度上诱导了五种抗氧化酶活性的升高,并降低了MDA的积累水平。其中,120μmol·L-1 La3+对50μmol·L-1 Cd2+氧化胁迫的缓解效应明显高于100μmol·L-1 Cd2+。因此,La对黑曲霉中低剂量Cd胁迫的缓解效应比较显著,而对高剂量Cd的拮抗效应不明显。     

镧、铈对酸雨胁迫下龙眼(Dimocarpus longana Lour.)花粉萌发和坐果的影响

研究了La3+和Ce3+对酸雨胁迫下龙眼花粉萌发和坐果的影响.结果表明,酸雨胁迫下,低浓度(0.1～1 μmol·L-1)的La(NO3)3或Ce(NO3)3可以减轻酸雨对花粉的伤害,提高花粉萌发率,高浓度(10 μmol·L-1)则加重了酸雨的伤害作用;0.1～10 mmol·L-1的La(NO3)3和Ce(NO3)3均可以提高龙眼的坐果率,减轻酸雨对龙眼果实的伤害.     

La3+离子对叶绿体CF1-ATPase活力影响研究

为进一步弄清La3+离子对光合磷酸化及Hill反应影响作用机制,采用分光光度法,控制反应液中La3+离子浓度在0～20μmol.L-1范围,对纯化的游离态CF1-ATPase水解ATP活性测定结果表明:La3+离子对CF1-ATPase具有明显的促进作用。而且随La3+离子浓度增大,CF1-ATPase活性动力学曲线明显呈现"S"型。但当La3+离子浓度大于25μmol.L-1之后,La3+离子对游离态CF1-ATPase则表现出一定的抑制作用。而La3+离子浓度在0～30μmol.L-1范围内,受La3+离子作用类囊体膜CF1-ATPase活性动力学曲线则呈现双"S"形曲线。热稳定性实验结果表明:La3+离子可以降低CF1-ATPase活化能,提高CF1-ATPase的热稳定性。La3+离子对CF1-ATPase活性的影响可能与CF1-ATPase分子上别构位点有关,这也可能是La3+离子促进叶绿体Hill反应的关键部位。     

镧对金银花若干生理生化指标及叶绿体超微结构的影响

以金银花(Lonicera japonica Thunb.)为试验材料,采用水培试验方法,研究了不同浓度镧(La)处理对药用植物金银花若干生理生化指标及叶绿体超微结构的影响。实验结果表明:低浓度的La对金银花叶片的抗氧化酶系统(POD,SOD)的活性和光合指标有明显的促进作用,同时,还可有效降低金银花叶片中MDA和H_2O_2的含量,保护质膜系统的结构和功能;而高浓度的La则抑制了金银花叶片的抗氧化酶活性和光合作用;增加叶片中MDA和H_2O_2的含量,对膜系统产生伤害效应;此外,低浓度的La处理对金银花的叶绿体超微结构有轻微的改善作用,反之,高浓度La处理会破坏叶绿体超微结构和膜系统,使其膨胀解体,导致植株的光合作用受到抑制。在La浓度为30 mg·L~(-1)时,抗氧化酶系统(POD,SOD)的活性和光合指标最大,MDA和H_2O_2的含量最小,对金银花生长最有利,抗逆性最强。     

La(NO3)3对蛹虫草活性物质含量的影响EI北大核心CSCD

蛹虫草是一种著名的药用和食用真菌,研究者们常在培养基中添加亚硒酸钠、Fe SO4等无机物来提高蛹虫草活性物质的含量。本文采用高效液相色谱法和紫外分光光度法测定了La(NO3)3处理后蛹虫草活性物质的含量,探究La(NO3)3对蛹虫草活性物质含量的影响。结果表明,在实验浓度范围内,10,50和200 mg·L-1这3个浓度对蛹虫草的活性物质含量影响较大。La(NO3)3浓度为10 mg·L-1时,对喷司他丁、虫草酸和多糖合成具有促进作用,其含量分别为空白组的6.2倍、2.4倍和1.3倍,La(NO3)3对蛹虫草的腺苷和N6-2-羟乙基腺苷合成具有抑制作用,其含量仅为空白组的24.29%和16.87%。La(NO3)3浓度为50 mg·L-1时,对虫草素合成具有显著促进作用,其含量为空白组的8.2倍,La(NO3)3对多糖合成具有抑制作用,其含量仅为空白组的73.14%。La(NO3)3浓度为200 mg·L-1时,对腺苷和N6-2-羟乙基腺苷合成具有促进作用,其含量分别为空白组的1.5倍和2.6倍。La(NO3)3对麦角甾醇和蛋白质的含量未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。