Endothelium-derived Relaxing Factor Activates Calcium-activated Potassium Channels of Resistance Vessel Smooth Muscle Cells

Direct observation was made by using the patch-clamp technique with a specially designed microperfusion system to investigate the effect of acetylcholine (Ach 10~(-6) mol/L) elicited endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) on the calcium-activated potassium channel (IK(Ca))in the smooth muscle cells of mesenteric resistance vessels in Wistar rats. Activation of IK(Ca) was firstly observed by inducing the elicited EDRF or sodium nitroprusside (SNP 10~(-8) mol/L) under various clamping voltages in cell-attached configuration. While the pipette solution contained KCl 126 mmol/L and the bath solution contained KCl 5.9 mmol/L, two types of conductances of calcium-activated potassium current being 76.4±2.3 pS(mean±S.E. n = 7) and 160.3±7.5 pS (mean±S.E. n= 7) were recorded during the EDRF activation, one type of conductance being 100.5±2.8 pS (mean±S.E. n = 6) was activated by nitric oxide (NO) which is an effective component from SNP. Differences in kinetic characteristics of these channels between     

The Effects of Glutamate and GABA (Gamma-Amino-Butyric-Acid) on Spontaneous Acetylcholine Release at the Neuromuscular Junction in Xenopus Laevis Embryo Cell Cultures

The miniature endplate currents (MEPC's) were recorded at the neuromuscular junction of Xenopus laevis embryo neuron-muscle co-cultured cells. These MEPC's were due to the spontaneous release of acetylcholine from the nerve terminal. After perfusion with glutamate (10 μmol/L), both frequency and amplitude of the MEPC's increased. After washing away of glutamate, this effect persisted. We named this phenomena "Long-Term Facilitation".GABA (20 μmol/L) on the other hand had an inhibitory effect on both frequency and amplitude of the MEPC's. After washing away of GABA, the MEPC frequency and amplitude increased. We named this effect "Post-Potentiation". Local perfusion experiments furthermore indicated that the effect of glutamate was restricted to the neuromuscular junction, the effect of GABA was restricted to the soma.     

Towards the Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction and the Assessment of Chemical Profile,Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Wine Lees Extracts

Wine lees, a sub-exploited byproduct of vinification, is considered a rich source of bioactive compounds, such as (poly)phenols, anthocyanins and tannins. Thus, the effective and rapid recovery of these biomolecules and the assessment of the bioactive properties of wine lees extracts is of utmost importance. Towards this direction, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) factors (i.e., extraction time, microwave power and solvent/material ratio) were optimized using experimental design models in order to maximize the (poly)phenolic yield of the extracts. After optimizing the MAE process, the total phenolic content (TPC) as well as the antiradical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the extracts were evaluated. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to investigate the chemical profile of wine lees extracts. Red varieties exhibited higher biological activity than white varieties. The geographical origin and fermentation stage were also considered as critical factors. The white variety Moschofilero presented the highest antioxidant, antiradical and antimicrobial activity, while Merlot and Agiorgitiko samples showed noteworthy activities among red varieties. Moreover, IR spectra confirmed the presence of sugars, amino acids, organic acids and aromatic compounds. Thus, an efficient, rapid and eco-friendly process was proposed for further valorization of wine lees extracts.     

离子掺杂与载体类型交互效应对纳米TiO2薄膜光活性改性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在六种不同基体材料上制备了掺杂La3 的TiO2纳米复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),x射线衍射(XRD)及紫外-可见吸收光谱对其TiO2薄膜的TiO2颗粒形态和相组成进行了详细研究,并以甲基橙为模拟对象,研究了不同浓度的La3 掺杂对催化剂光活性的影响,结果表明:脱色率(η%)随载体、掺杂浓度不同而变.不锈钢载体掺杂浓度为0.604×1021/cm3La3 的二氧化钛薄膜对甲基橙有最高的降解效率,陶瓷载体掺杂0.604×1017/cm3La3 的降解效率最高,玻璃载体最佳La3 掺杂浓度为6.04×1017/cm3,而钛片载体最佳La3 掺杂浓度为0.604×1023/cm3.     

Fe-Nx/C电催化剂的氧还原性能及配体结构对催化活性的影响

以2,6-二氨基嘌呤(Hdap)为配体合成了Fe-Nx/C氧还原催化剂, 并优化了热处理温度和Fe含量. 对催化剂组成和结构进行了表征, 分析了配体Hdap在热处理过程中随温度的变化情况, 通过循环伏安法和线性扫描伏安法测试了催化剂的氧还原催化性能. 结果表明, 热处理温度为800℃, Fe质量分数为5%时, 催化剂活性最高. 吡啶N含量较高的配体有利于提高催化剂的活性, 配体中含S元素会增加催化剂的活性.     

一种新型疏水改性的两亲性壳聚糖衍生物的表面活性研究

鉴于甲壳质的生物降解性、生物活性和生物相容性等诸多特性 ,其开发利用正受到人们的广泛重视[1] .具有不同性能和功效的衍生物已在医药、食品、日用化工、纺织、水处理等领域发挥了重要的作用 [2～ 4 ] .然而具有表面活性的两亲性衍生物却少见报道 [5,6] .本文将羧甲基壳聚糖进行疏水改性 ,使其分子上同时具有亲水基和疏水基 ,从而具有两亲性质 ,可以降低溶液的表面张力 ,并在溶液中形成胶束 .可望在日用化工、医药、食品等领域起到降低表面张力、增稠、乳化和增溶等作用 .1　实验部分1 .1　原料及仪器　羧甲基壳聚糖 (CMCHS,青岛生化制…     

1－芳氧基乙酰基－4－邻氯苯甲酰基氨基硫脲衍生物的合成及其生物活性研究

于固－液相转移催化条件下，合成了１０个１－芳氧基乙酰基－４－邻氯苯甲酰基氨基硫脲衍生物，用元素分析、ＩＲ和￣１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ光谱确定了它们的结构。该类化合物对小麦幼苗生长具有明显的促进作用。     

冷应激对铜预投大鼠血清铜锌代谢、SOD活性及GSH含量的影响

为揭示应激对体内微量元素代谢的影响和机制，预先给予大鼠不同水平的铜3周后，采用冷束缚法使大鼠产生应激，测定了血清铜、锌水平及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明，高铜给予没有对清洁级大鼠生长产生明显的影响．血清铜、锌及铜锌比值变化不明显，但适量的铜给予能显著提高血清中SOD活性和GSH含量；冷应激处理后大鼠血清中Cu水平下降，Zn水平升高，同时SOD消耗降低，而GSH含量显著升高。表明冷应激可使大鼠体内铜锌代谢及SOD活性和GSH含量发生变化，适量的铜给予在应激状况下才发挥出积极的生理作用。     

Ni（Co）－B非晶态合金的热稳定性及对CO加氢活性影响

Ｎｉ（Ｃｏ）－Ｂ非晶态合金的热稳定性及对ＣＯ加氢活性影响张菊，郑小明，吴念慈（杭州大学催化研究所，杭州３１００２８）关键词非晶态合金，热稳定性，ＣＯ加氢１．前言非晶态合金作为一类新型催化材料，越来越受到人们的关注［１］．对这类催化剂的研究不断深入，适...     

Studies on the Chelation of Cyclodiphosph(V)azane Complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Pd(II): Preparation,Characterization, Thermal,Solid State Electrical Conductivity,and Biological Activity Studies

Cyclodiphosph(V)azane of chromene, (1,3-diphenyl-2,4-bis(3-amino-9-methoxy1-tolyl-3H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitrile)-2,2,4,4-tetrachlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane (III), reacts with stoichiometric amounts of transition metal salts such as Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Pd(II) to afford colored complexes in a moderate to high yield. The structure of the isolated complexes was suggested based on elemental analyses, IR, molar conductance, UV-Vis, ¹H, ¹³C, and ³¹P-NMR, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and dark electrical conductivity of solid state from room temperature up to 450 K. The complexes have been investigated in solution by spectrophotometric molar ratio and conductometric methods. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were computed from the thermal decomposition data using the Coats and Redfern method. The prepared complexes showed high to moderate bactericidal activity compared with the ligand.     

基于液相色谱-质谱联用技术的代谢组学方法在细胞种属分类中的应用

细胞内的代谢产物可以反映细胞的生理状态。为了考察基于胞内代谢物的指纹图谱对不同种属细胞进行区分的可行性,利用基于超高效液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间质谱(UPLC-TOF MS)技术的代谢组学方法对5种不同来源的细胞进行分类,获得了小分子代谢产物的差异表达谱,并采用主成分分析(PCA)数据处理方法对各类细胞进行模式识别。研究结果表明,不同的细胞种属之间均能呈现显著性差异。该研究可从分子水平对细胞种属进行分类,为细胞种属的鉴定与评价提供了一种新的技术方法,为细胞组学的深入研究提供了一种潜在的、非常具有应用前景的技术手段。     

UPLC-MS/MS结合多探针底物方法研究刺五加叶中黄酮苷类成分对CYP450活性的影响

利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用(UPLC-MS/MS)的多反应监测(MRM)技术结合多探针底物方法, 研究了刺五加叶中的主要黄酮苷类化合物槲皮苷、金丝桃苷及芦丁对肝细胞色素P450酶(CYP450)亚型CYP1A2, CYP2C, CYP2E1, CYP2D和CYP3A活性的影响. 结果表明, 3种化合物对各CYP亚型酶均有抑制作用, 其中金丝桃苷和槲皮苷对CYP1A2催化的非那西丁的O-脱乙基反应抑制的IC₅₀值分别为46.53和49.75 μmol/L, 金丝桃苷和芦丁对CYP2E1催化的氯唑沙宗的6-羟基化反应抑制的IC₅₀值分别为99.87和86.36 μmol/L. 机理性抑制实验结果表明, 3种化合物对2种亚型酶的抑制作用是随着预孵时间延长而增强的机理性抑制.     

T-cell epitopes of the La/SSB autoantigen: prediction based on the homology modeling of HLA-DQ2/DQ7 with the insulin-B peptide/HLA-DQ8 complex

T-cell epitopes are important components of the inappropriate response of the immune system to self-proteins in autoimmune diseases. In this study, the candidate T-cell epitopes of the La/SSB autoantigen, the main target of the autoimmune response in patients with Sjogren's Syndrome (SS), and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) were predicted using as a template the HLA-DQ2 and DQ7 molecules, which are genetically linked to patients with SS and SLE. Modeling of DQ2 and DQ7 was based on the crystal structure of HLA-DQ8, an HLA molecule of high risk factor of type I diabetes, which is also an autoimmune disease. The quality and reliability of the modeled DQ2 and DQ7 was confirmed by the Ramachandran plot and the TINKER molecular modeling software. Common and/or similar candidate T-cell epitopes, obtained by comparing three different approaches the Taylor's sequence pattern, the TEPITOPE quantitative matrices, and the MULTIPRED artificial neural network, were subjected to homology modeling with the crystal structure of the insulin-B peptide complexed with HLA-DQ8, and the best superposed candidate epitopes were placed into the modeled HLA-DQ2 and DQ7 binding grooves to perform energy minimization calculations. Six T-cell epitopes were predicted for HLA-DQ7 and nine for HLA-DQ2 covering parts of the amino-terminal and the central regions of the La/SSB autoantigen. Residues corresponding to the P1, P4, and P9 pockets of the HLA-DQ2 and DQ7 binding grooves experience very low SASA because they are less exposed to the microenvironment of the groove. The proposed T-cell epitopes complexed with HLA-DQ2/DQ7 were further evaluated for their binding efficiency according to their potential interaction energy, binding affinity, and IC50 values. Our approach constitutes the ground work for a rapid and reliable experimentation concerning the T-cell epitope mapping of autoantigens, and could lead to the development of T-cell inhibitors as immunotherapeutics in autoimmune diseases.     

Effects of inorganic salts on the properties of aqueous poly(vinylpyrrolidone) solutions

Cloud point curves and temperatures have been determined for aqueous solutions of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) at several concentrations for a variety of inorganic salts (phosphates, monohydrogen phosphates, sulfates, carbonates, dihydrogen phosphates and fluorides). The resulting dependency of the critical temperatures (mostly between 289 and 350 K) on the molar concentration can be expressed as sequences showing the decreasing effect of anion species or cation species in salting out the polymer. The decreasing order of effectiveness of the anions in reducing the temperatures is PO ₄ ^3– >HPO ₄ ^2– >SO ₄ ^2– CO ₃ ^2– >H₂PO ₄ ^– >F^–. The order for cation is Na⁺>K⁺. The changes brought about in temperatures by the salts were found to be the results of the changes taking place in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions among polymer, solvent and additive salts and of the change of water structure by structure making or structure breaking ions, and of the influence of salts on the hydration sheath of the polymer.Deceased     

Equation of state for aqueous electrolyte systems based on the semirestricted non-primitive mean spherical approximation

The semirestricted non-primitive mean spherical approximation (npmsa) is used in combination with the PC-SAFT equation of state to model completely dissociating aqueous alkali halide systems. The salts are described using ion-specific parameters from tables and correlations. Upon analyzing aqueous electrolyte systems at infinite dilution of the salt it was concluded that for the arithmetic mean ion diameter of anion and cation, the semirestricted npmsa contribution gives no reliable results. Therefore, this parameter is adjusted in this work. The model was applied to aqueous alkali halide systems up to the solubility limit at T = 298.15 K. Mean ionic activity coefficients and osmotic coefficients were correlated with good results. The model was subsequently applied to temperatures up to T = 373.15 K and compared to liquid densities and to system pressures up to the solubility limit of the salts in water. The agreement between experimental data and the proposed equation of state is satisfactory for the liquid densities and excellent in case of the system pressures.