丙醇-水体系萃取浮选铜间接测定硫氰酸根

试验表明, 在SCN-存在下, Cu(Ⅱ)能被抗坏血酸还原为Cu(Ⅰ), Cu(Ⅰ)与SCN-形成CuSCN沉淀, 该沉淀在丙醇与水分相过程中, 能很好的浮选于丙醇/水界面之间, 通过测定Cu(Ⅱ)浮选率, 能间接测定SCN-的量, 据此建立了测痕量SCN-的新方法, 多数常见阴、阳离子不干扰测定. 测定的线性范围为3.0×10-6～7.8×10-5 mol/L, 检出限为1.5×10-6 mol/L, 回收率为95.7%～103%. 用于尿样与唾液中SCN-的测定.     

用MIBK萃取铂族金属离子与硫氰酸根的络合物

在一定酸度和温度条件下，用过量ＫＳＣＮ将铂族金属离子的氯络合物转变为硫氰酸络合物，最后调至～３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｈｃｌ酸度，用ＭＩＢＫ可将铂族金属离子的硫氰酸络合物（除Ｉｒ（Ⅳ）外）定量萃取（≥９５％）。Ｉｒ（Ⅳ）只有７４．３％被萃取，在ＭＩＢＫ中加入少量叔胺（ＴＯＡ或Ｎ２３５）或氯化三正辛基甲基铵（９：１体积比）则可将Ｉｒ（Ⅲ）的异配络合物萃取９８％以上。     

磷酸三丁酯从硝酸介质中萃取铀（Ⅵ）的动力学研究

用上升单液滴法和恒界面池法研究了磷酸三丁酯-环己烷从硝酸介质中萃取铀(Ⅵ)的动力学。萃取过程为扩散控制,得到了在扩散控制下影响萃取速率的一些规律。     

磷酸三丁酯/正辛醇络合萃取对氯苯酚

以对氯苯酚稀溶液为研究对象,以正辛醇为稀释剂,研究了萃取剂种类及其浓度、水相平衡pH、对氯苯酚初始浓度等因素对萃取分配比的影响,并用NaOH对其负载溶质的有机相进行反萃.结果表明,络合萃取对处理高浓度对氯苯酚废水具有优势;磷酸三丁酯(TBP)的浓度和体系的pH是影响络合萃取的关键因素;采用NaOH对有机相进行反萃,当NaOH浓度为0.5mol/L时反萃率达到98.55%.红外光谱分析表明,TBP萃取对氯苯酚基于氢键作用机理.     

动力学分光光度法测定痕量硫氰酸根的研究

利用SCN~-对溴酸钾氧化罗丹明B反应的抑制作用。建立了动力学光度法测定痕量SCN~-的新方法。检出限为0.30ng SCN~-/ml,测定范围为0.30～8.3ngSCN~-/ml.应用于吸烟者与不吸烟者尿中SCN~-的测定。结果较为满意。     

以硫醚为主链的螯合树脂研究：Ⅲ含硫氰酸根树脂的合成及吸附…

环硫氯丙烷的均聚物或环硫氯丙烷与环氧氯、丙烷的共聚物，在少量二乙烯三胺存在下制得预交联聚合物，将后者与硫氰化钾反应，制得两种侧链带有硫氰酸根的新型螯合树脂。它们对贵金属具有优良的吸附性能和高的吸附选择性。通过Ｘ射线光电子能谱初步探讨了树脂对金属离子的螯合作用。     

动力学分光光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根和硫氰酸根的研究

基于亚硝酸根对溴酸钾氧乙基橙反应的催化作用及硫氰酸根对此反应的抑制作用，建立了动力学光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根和硫氰酸根的新方法，测定亚硝酸根的线性范围为５－１００μｇ／Ｌ，测定硫氰酸根的线性范围为３－１２μｇ／Ｌ，用于湖水和蔬菜中的亚硝酸根量及化学试剂和尿中的硫氰酸根测定，结果满意。     

硝酸铀酰—硝酸—磷酸三丁酯体系的反萃取动力学研究

本文采用恒界面池法和上升单液滴法研究了UO_2(NO_3)_2/HNO_3/TBP-环己烷体系的反萃取动力学。得出扩散控制下的反萃速率方程为R=k_1[U]_(O)[TBP]_(O)~(-1.17)[HNO_3]~(-1.70;在恒定硝酸浓度下化学反应控制的反萃速率方程为R=k_2[U]_(O)[TBP]_(O)~0,并对二种速控类型下的反萃机制进行了讨论。     

钴硫氰酸根离子缔合—萃取光度法测定盐酸布比卡因

本文提出了在Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基酰胺（ＤＭＦ）存在下，用萃取光度法研究了盐酸布比卡因与钴硫氰酸根络阴离子生成的离子缔合物的实验条件及反应机理，并用于实际样品的测定，获得了良好的效果。实验结果表明，由于ＤＦＭ对二氯甲烷的协同作用，使反应体系较之单一溶萃取更稳定、更灵敏。     

胡椒碱在磷酸三丁酯修饰电极上的 电化学行为研究

研究了胡椒碱在磷酸三丁酯(TBP)修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为。在pH4.6的Britton-Robison缓冲溶液中,胡椒碱在-1.40V(vs.SCE)处有一灵敏的极谱还原峰。吸附溶出峰电流与胡椒碱的量浓度在7.40×10     

Thermodynamics of uranium extraction from nitric acid solution by TBP loaded on inert supporting material

Thermodynamic investigation of the extraction of both uranium(VI) and uranium(IV) from nitric acid solutions using tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) loaded on polyacrylic acid polymer (SM-7) as an inert supporting material has been done using batch technique. The effect of temperature on the equilibrium extraction values has been utilized to evaluate the change in standard thermodynamic quantities (viz. DH, DS, and DG). The Freundlich isotherm was successfully applied to the extraction data of both metal ions. The Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm was found to be valid only in case of U(IV) extraction. Based on the D-R expression, the maximum extraction capacity of loaded TBP and the mean free energy of U(IV) extraction have been determined.     

Preliminary studies of using preheated carrier gas for on-line membrane extraction of semivolatile organic compounds

In this paper, we present results for the on-line determination of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in air using membrane extraction with a sorbent interface–ion mobility spectrometry (MESI-IMS) system with a preheated carrier (stripping) gas. The mechanism of the mass transfer of SVOCs across a membrane was initially studied. In comparison with the extraction of volatile analytes, the mass transfer resistance that originated from the slow desorption from the internal membrane surface during the SVOC extraction processes should be taken into account. A preheated carrier gas system was therefore built to facilitate desorption of analytes from the internal membrane surface. With the benefit of a temperature gradient existing between the internal and external membrane surfaces, an increase in the desorption rate of a specific analyte at the internal surface and the diffusion coefficient within the membrane could be achieved while avoiding a decrease of the distribution constant on the external membrane interface. This technique improved both the extraction rate and response times of the MESI-IMS system for the analysis of SVOCs. Finally, the MESI-IMS system was shown to be capable of on-site measurement by monitoring selected polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from cigarette smoke. Figure Schematic of the MESI-IMS preheating carrier (stripping) gas system     

Simultaneous determination of iron(III) and cobalt(II) withN-phenylcinnamohydroxamic acid and thiocyanate by extraction and spectrophotometry

Simple, precise, sensitive, and highly selective methods for the separate determination of iron(III) and cobalt(II) and for the simultaneous determination of both metal ions are described. Iron(III) and cobalt(II) react with thiocyanate in the presence ofN-phenylcinnamohydroxamic acid (PCHA) to form pinkish red and blue coloured complexes, respectively. Both the iron(III) and cobalt(II) complexes having stoichiometric composition of 122 (FeSCN^–PCHA) and 14 (CoSCN^–), respectively, are quantitatively extractable into ethylacetate from 0.5–1.5 M hydrochloric acid solutions. The spectra of iron(III) and cobalt(II) complexes in the visible region exhibit absorption maxima at 495 and 625 nm, respectively. The coloured systems obey Beer's law in the concentration range of 0.2–4.0g/ml of iron and 2–40g/ml of cobalt. The effects of foreign ions and of various experimental parameters were studied to establish the optimum conditions for the extraction and determination of iron and cobalt. The methods have been applied successfully to the analysis of blood, vitamin B₁₂, and standard steels for iron and cobalt.     

Synthesis of di-substituted calix[4]arene-based receptors for extraction of chromate and arsenate anions

The article describes the synthesis of a family of novel calix[4]arene ionophores, 25,27-bis-(2-aminomethylpyridine-propoxy)-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene (5a), 25,27-bis-(3-aminomethylpyridine-propoxy)-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene (5b) and two chromogenic calix[4]arenes, 5,17-dinitro-25,27-bis-(2-aminomethylpyridine-propoxy)-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene (5c), 5,17-dinitro-25,27-bis-(3-aminomethylpyridine-propoxy)-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene (5d) bearing pyridinium units. In the synthesis, the upper and lower rims of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene were modified in order to acquire binding sites for the recognition of arsenate and dichromate anions. It has been observed that protonated alkylammonium forms of the ionophores showed high affinity toward dichromate and arsenate anions.     

Effect of temperature on the selectivity of the extraction of lanthanides with dibutylphosphoric acid from thiocyanate solution

Extraction coefficients and separation factors of all lanthanides were determined in the system: dibutylphosphoric acid /HDBP/ - 3M NH₄NCS, in the temperature range of 15–50 °C. The values for the separation factors for such pairs as: Gd–Tb and Er–Tm, are higher than 4, those for the pair of Tb–Dy are higher than 3, and those for the La–Ce, Pm–Sm, Dy–Ho, Ho–Er and Tm–Yb pairs are higher than 2. The influence of temperature on the separation factors of light /La–Gd/ and heavy /Gd–Lu/ lanthanides is discussed and compared with that observed for the extraction from the nitric acid solutions. The results are also discussed in the light of the double-double effect and outer-, vs. inner-sphere complexation in the lanthanide series.     

Synergic extraction for recovery of americium from waste solution containing an excess of uranium

A method based on synergic extraction has been evolved for the recovery of tens of milligrams of americium from analytical wastes in 7-8M HNO₃ medium containing excess uranium as a two step procedure viz., (1) separation of uranium by contacting with TBP in dodecane and (2) recovery of americium by an extraction-cum-strip cycle using a synergic mixture of PMBP-TBP in dodecane after decreasing the acidity of the solution. Other transition metals such as iron found in significant proportion were separated from Am by using the difference in the kinetics of extraction of iron and americium into HPMBP-TBP-dodecane mixture by short duration contacts. About 99% of Am could be recovered into about 20% of its initial volume. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

红球菌对煤中硫的脱除及对煤溶胀和抽提性质的影响

中国能源工业是以煤为主、多能互补的能源生产体系。为适应国民经济的发展速度,中国能源工业仍将保持快速发展的势头。煤炭的生产和利用中缺乏对污染物的有效控制将引起大气污染、酸雨等区域性环境问题,以及气候变化等全球环境问题。中国煤炭资源中约15％的原煤硫的质量分数高于2％;高硫煤利用所导致的环境问题已经成为制约中国经济和社会发展的因素之一。因此,开发有效而经济的煤炭脱硫方法具有重要的现实意义。     

Iron fractionation for corrosion products from natural gas pipelines by continuous-flow sequential extraction

The forms and quantities of iron species in corrosion product samples from natural gas pipelines were examined, using a continuous-flow sequential extraction system. Sequential extraction consists of four steps that dissolve water soluble iron (FeSO₄), acid soluble iron (FeCO₃), reducible iron (Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides) and oxidisable iron (FeS₂) fractions, respectively. Selectivity of extracting reagents for particular iron species was evaluated by determination of co-extracted anions, using ion chromatography, and evolved CO₂, using indirect flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). Iron was found predominantly in the reducible fraction (61–99%), indicating that Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides are the major constituents of the corrosion products.      

Homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction of trace amounts of mononitrotoluenes from waste water samples

Homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction method was studied based on a phase separation phenomenon in a ternary solvent system. According to this procedure, mononitrotoloenes were extracted by single-phase extraction in a water/methanol/chloroform, homogeneous ternary solvent system. Methanol and chloroform were used as consolute and extraction solvents, respectively. The homogeneous solution was broken by the addition of salt and a cloudy solution was formed. After centrifugation, the fine droplets of the extraction solvent were sedimented in the bottom of the conical test tube. Analysis of the extracts was carried out by gas chromatography. The optimization procedure was performed using Box-Behnken design. The variables involved were: sample and extraction solvent volumes, consolute solvent volume and phase separator reagent concentration. Optimum results were obtained under the following conditions: sample volume of 5 mL, extraction solvent volume of 55 μL, consolute solvent volume of 1 mL and phase separator reagent concentration; 5% (w/v). Under these conditions, the enrichment factors of 354, 311 and 300, dynamic linear ranges of 0.5-500, 1-500 and 1-500 μg L⁻¹, and limit of detections (LODs) of 0.09, 0.09 and 0.1 μg L⁻¹ were obtained for o-nitrotoluene, m-nitrotoluene and p-nitrotoluene, respectively. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of MNTs in the waste water samples in the range of micrograms per liter with R.S.Ds. < 13.2%.