Modification of Guest and Saunders open shell SCF equations to exclude BSSE from molecular interaction calculations

The self-consistent field (SCF) for molecularinteractions algorithm, particularly devised to compute intermolecular interactions, is extended to the case in which one of the two interacting fragments is an open shell system. The method excludes the basis set superposition error in an a priori fashion. To preserve the simplicity of the standard SCF procedure, Guest and Saunders equations concerning the open shell fragment are modified at the cost of a negligible complication with respect to the usual algorithm. Received: 27 May 1997 / Accepted: 29 May 1998 / Published online: 18 September 1998     

Isoelectronic changes in total Hartree-Fock energy of atoms

It is shown numerically that to a reasonably good accuracy, the isolectronic changes in total Hartree-Fock energy of atomic systems can be predicted, in terms of the energy ratio between the adjacent members in a given isoelectronic series, simply as a function of atomic numbers.Alexander von Humboldt Fellow, on leave from School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, India.     

Revisiting the foundations of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules: Some open problems

In a series of papers in the last 10 years, various aspects of the mathematical foundations of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules have been considered by this author and his coworkers in some details. Although these considerations answered part of the questions raised by some critics on the mathematical foundations of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, however, new mathematical problems also emerged during these studies that were reviewed elsewhere [Sh. Shahbazian Int. J. Quantum Chem. 2011 , 111, 4497.]. Beyond mathematical subtleties of the formalism that were the original motivation for initial exchanges and disputes, the questions raised by critics had a constructive effect and prompted the author to propose a novel extension of the theory, now called the multi‐component quantum theory of atoms in molecules [M. Goli, Sh. Shahbazian Theor. Chem. Acc. 2013 , 132, 1365.]. Taking this background into account, in this paper a new set of open problems is put forward that the author believes proper answers to these questions, may open new doors for future theoretical developments of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules. Accordingly, rather than emphasizing on the rigorous mathematical formulation, the practical motivations behind proposing these questions are discussed in detail and the relevant literature are reviewed while when possible, evidence and routes to answers are also provided. The author hopes that proposing these open questions as a compact package may motivate more mathematically oriented people to participate in future developments of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules and its multi‐component version.     

Fragmentation at sp2 carbon atoms in fragment molecular orbital method

In the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method, a given molecular system is usually fragmented at sp³ carbon atoms. However, fragmentation at different sites sometimes becomes necessary. Hence, we propose fragmentation at sp² carbon atoms in the FMO method. Projection operators are constructed using sp² local orbitals. To maintain practical accuracy, it is essential to consider the three-body effect. In order to suppress the corresponding increase of computational cost, we propose approximate models considering local trimers. Numerical verification shows that the present models are as accurate as or better than the standard FMO2 method in total energy with fragmentation at sp³ carbon atoms.     

含氮或碳中心原子的窝穴体开链类似物的合成与研究

本文合成了十种含氮或碳中心原子的窝穴体开链类似物(1a～e, 2a～e). 通过三乙醇胺, 季戊四醇及4-羟基安替比林的O-烷基化和用季戊四溴对2-巯基苯并咪唑, 2-巯基苯并噻唑的S-烷基化方法. 以它们作为液膜(CHCl~3)离子载体对Ag(I)迁移实验表明, 化合物1a～e迁移能力较强.     

基态原子价壳层电子能级连接性指数与元素的电负性

构建了基态原子价壳层电子能级连接性指数(^mVEI),m=0,1,2,…，它对基态原子实现唯一性表征，其中^0VEI,^1VEI对原子具有良好的结构选择性，以^0VEL,^1VEL，价壳层电子总离子化能(ΣniEi)和总从电子数(Σni)为基本参数，定义了元素的电负性：X~N=0.444067+1.190653(1-1.32775/Σni)(^0VEI)-3.154675(^1VEI)+0.134591.(ΣniEi/Σni)。用上式给出了周期表中主族元素、副族元素及惰性元素的电负性。结果表明，新电负性标度X~N与目前流行的Pauling标度颇为一致。进一步从价轨道能级连接性指数确定了碳原子的sp,sp^2,sp^3杂化轨道的电负性。     

Ritz variational calculation for the singly excited states of compressed two‐electron atoms

A detailed analysis on the effect of spherical impenetrable confinement on the structural properties of two‐electron ions in states has been performed. The energy values of 1sns [ ] ( ) states of helium‐like ions ( ) are estimated within the framework of Ritz variational method using explicitly correlated Hylleraas‐type basis sets. The correlated wave functions used here are consistent with the finite boundary conditions due to spherical confinement. A comparative study between the singlet and triplet states originating from a particular electronic configuration shows incidental degeneracy and the subsequent level‐crossing phenomena. The thermodynamic pressure felt by the ion inside the sphere pushes the energy levels toward continuum. Critical pressures for the transition to strong confinement regime (where the singly excited two‐electron energy levels cross the corresponding one‐electron threshold) as well as for the complete destabilization are also estimated.     

Triple assembly of ZnO, large-scale hollow spherical shells with flower-like species consisting of rods grown on the outer surfaces of shells

Novel large-scale hollow ZnO spherical shells were synthesized by ionic liquids assisted hydrothermal oxidization of pure zinc powder without any catalyst at a relatively low temperature of 160 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) patterns show that the shells are composed of ZnO and the structure of the shells is very unique. Textured flower-like ZnO consisting of ZnO rods is grown on the outer surfaces of shells forming a triple assembly. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectra of the oxidized material show a sharp peak at 379 nm and a wider broad peak centered at 498 nm. The possible growth mechanism of the triple assembly of ZnO is discussed in detail.     

含杂原子杯芳烃的合成研究进展

综述了含杂原子杯芳烃的结构、命名方法、合成方法等方面的研究进展.指出在超分子化学领域,杯芳烃骨架结构的改变是杯芳烃研究的热点之一;与传统杯芳烃相比,在杯芳烃分子骨架中引入桥联杂原子或芳杂环后,不仅使得其在结构和分子识别方面产生新颖变化,而且使得其合成方法也发生巨大改变.     

Use of electron scattering data in calculating the exchange interaction of excited atoms with molecules

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry -     

开管离子色谱柱的制备与表征

近年来,开管离子色谱(OTIC)的研究已取得重大进展,尤其是兼容OH^-淋洗液的OTIC柱的成功研制使OTIC梯度洗脱得以实现。该文介绍了各种OTIC柱的制备和表征方法,涵盖早期的二氧化硅开管柱和新近出现的有机聚合物基质开管柱,对静电乳胶附聚的OTIC柱的一系列表征方法进行了系统阐述,包括开管柱柱容量的实验测定和理论计算方法、固定相相同时填充柱与开管柱之间的联系、柱效改善方法以及开管柱均一性表征等。     

Temperature-dependent rate constant for the reaction of F atoms with HNO3

The kinetics of the reaction of F atom with HNO₃, source of NO₃ radicals widely used in laboratory studies, has been investigated at nearly 2.7 mbar total pressure of helium over a wide temperature range, T = 220-700 K, using a low-pressure discharge flow reactor combined with an electron impact ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer. The rate constant of the reaction F + HNO₃ → NO₃ + HF (1) was determined using both relative rate method and absolute measurements under pseudo–first-order conditions, monitoring the kinetics of F-atom consumption in excess of HNO₃, k₁ = (8.2 ± 0.4) × 10⁻¹² exp((315 ± 15)/T) cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹ (where the uncertainties represent precision at the 2σ level, the estimated total uncertainty on k₁ being 15% at all temperatures). The reaction rate constant was found to be in excellent agreement with the only previous temperature-dependent study. Experiments on detection of the reaction product, HF, have shown that NO₃ and HF forming channel of the title reaction is the dominant, if not unique, on the whole temperature range of the study.     

Examination of several density functionals in numerical Kohn–Sham calculations for atoms

We studied several exchange‐only and exchange–correlation energy density functionals in numerical, i.e., basis‐set‐free, nonrelativistic Kohn–Sham calculations for closed‐shell ¹S states of atoms and atomic ions with N electrons, where 2≤N≤120. Accurate total energies are presented to serve as reference data for algebraic approaches, as do the numerical Hartree–Fock results, which are also provided. Gradient‐corrected exchange‐only functionals considerably improve the total energies obtained from the usual local density approximation, when compared to the Hartree–Fock results. Such an improvement due to gradient corrections is not seen in general for highest orbital energies, neither for exchange‐only results (to be compared with Hartree–Fock results), nor for exchange–correlation results (to be compared with experimental ionization energies). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 82: 227–241, 2001     

Occupation numbers for atomic shells in direct space bounded by the maxima of the one‐electron potential

Atomic shells defined as wells of the one‐electron potential $\nabla^{2}\sqrt{\rho}/2\sqrt{\rho}$ bounded by successive maxima of this electron density function give reasonable electron numbers for the occupation of shells with empty d orbitals. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 83: 324–331, 2001     

Application of combined Hartree–Fock–Roothaan theory to molecules with arbitrary number of closed and open shells

In this study, the applicability of the combined Hartree–Fock–Roothaan (CHFR) theory of atomic-molecular and nuclear systems (Guseinov, J Math Chem 42:177, 2007) to the molecules is demonstrated using minimal basis set of Slater type orbitals (STO). As an example of application of CHFR theory, the calculations have been performed for the ground state of electronic configuration of methylene molecule CH ₂ which has two open shells. The results of computer calculations for the orbital, kinetic and total energies, linear combination coefficients of symmetrized molecular orbitals and virial ratios are presented.     

The role of hydrogen atoms in CIDNP effects in the reaction of diisobutylaluminum hydride with CCl4

Integral polarization of chloroform, methylene dichloride, and pentachloroethane was observed in the¹H NMR spectra during the exothermal reaction of a 1M solution of Bu₂ ⁱ in 1,4-dioxane with CCI₄. CIDNP was shown to appear in the diffusion radical pair of the hydrogen atom and trichloromethyl radical. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2097–2099, October, 1998.     

丙烯醛及其衍生物基态脱羰反应机理的理论研究

用从头算自洽场分子轨道方法和能量梯度技术，研究丙烯醛及其衍生物基态脱羰反应的机理，用二级微扰方法考虑电子相关效应。结果表明基态丙烯醛脱羰为一简单反应，反应涉及三中心过渡态。取代基对丙烯醛脱羰反应仅有较小的影响。从计算的势垒可以推得基态丙烯醛及其衍生物热脱羰是很困难的，但是，光激发得到的丙烯醛很可能首先通过内转换成系间窜跃回到基态，然后发生脱羰反应，即基态脱羰很可能在其光解离反应机理中起着重要作用。     

The optimization of capacity and efficiency when coupling fused silica open tubular columns in gas chromatography

Summary There are a number of parameters which have to be chosen depending on the analysis being done in gas chromatography. While the choice of stationary phase material is based on the solutes to be separated, the thickness is dependent on the concentration and the volatility of the components to be analyzed. This study undertakes a coupled column phase ratio optimization by connecting a short piece of a particular column prior to a normal length of an analytical column. Various columns of different dimensions (phase ratio), but of the same stationary phase material (methyl silicone), are coupled together by a deactivated glass press-fit connector, and the efficiency and capacity are measured. The coupling of fused silica open tubular columns is optimized in efficiency by matching or decreasing the phase ratio of successive columns. Capacity optimization is accomplished by increasing the phase ratio of consecutive columns. Capacity and efficiency optimization are opposing each other; therefore, if some efficiency can be sacrificed a substantial increase in capacity is possible.