"情感态度与价值观"目标在中学化学教学中落实的建议

"情感态度与价值观"教学目标是新课程提出的三维教学目标之一.分析了目前中学化学教学中对"情感态度与价值观"目标实施所存在的一些问题,提出了"情感态度与价值观"目标落实策略的建议.     

中学化学情感态度价值观教学目标实施的影响因素分析

情感态度价值观教学目标是新课程提出的三维教学目标之一。本文通过质的研究方法,分析出影响中学化学教学中情感态度价值观教学目标实施的因素,并提出一些促进中学化学情感态度价值观教学目标有效落实的策略。     

我国中学化学课程中情感态度与价值观目标内涵的历史演变

情感态度与价值观目标在本次新课程改革中得到前所未有的重视。通过对我国历次化学课程标准或教学大纲中情感态度与价值观目标的历史梳理,分析出其变化的特征,以便帮助教师正确认识情感态度与价值观目标的内涵。     

科学渗透情感态度与价值观目标

正确理解初中化学教学中的“情感态度与价值观”目标,必须把握其内容、特点以及与学科德育目标的联系和区别;全面达成情感态度与价值观目标,必须优化教学过程并准确设计、科学渗透课时情感态度与价值观目标。     

重视主体体验落实情感态度与价值观目标——以“富集在海水中的元素——氯”的导课为例

从三维目标中情感态度与价值观目标的落实问题出发,以2个具有代表性的导课案例,从学生“主体体验”的角度探讨了如何在化学课堂中有效地实现情感态度与价值观目标:从理念上重视,在教学设计中体现,在教学过程中落实.     

化学教学设计中三维目标设计与叙写的问题与对策

针对化学教学设计中三维教学目标的设计与叙写的突出问题,从理论与实践层面进行了分析,并提出了解决问题的对策：（1）过程与方法是学生学习的过程和方法,不能设计成教师教学的过程与方法;过程与方法既是实现教学目标的手段,又是学生学习的目标,是相互关联的,不能割裂,陈述时要选择适宜的动词和恰当的行为结果。（2）情感态度是心理倾向,价值观是情感发展的结果,情感态度与价值观是生命发展的心理需求。在教学设计中教师要注重发掘教学内容中情感态度价值观素材,并明确目标达成方式。（3）三维目标是一个整体,不能割裂;整合目标,才能从整体上把握三维目标;自觉践行,才能逐步提高设计能力。     

高中化学教学中情感态度与价值观目标落实情况的调查

通过调查分析了当前高中化学教学中情感态度与价值观目标的教学现状：包括教师的理解和认识,落实的途径和方法等。     

初中化学情感态度与价值观评价初探

通过审视情感态度与价值观及评价的相关理论,介绍可操作化的评价技术与案例。从初中化学的视角结合教育心理学理论界定了情感态度与价值观的内涵,通过分析调查问卷、纸笔测验、活动表现及档案袋等评价方式探索了如何进行情感态度与价值观评价,并提出了相关改善建议,为命题者及一线教师提供借鉴和参考。     

化学导课设计中情意目标达成的案例分析

情意目标即情感态度与价值观目标,是新课程三维目标之一,课堂导入是情意目标达成的一个重要途径。在分析国内学者对课堂教学情感目标达成机制和层次分类的基础上,通过化学课堂导入案例分析发现,具备一定特征的课堂导入对情意目标的达成起着举足轻重的作用。     

试论新课标理念下化学教学中的情感教育

在新课程标准的理念下,培养学生的情感态度价值观已有明确的发展目标,如何在课堂教学中去实施和提高实效性,笔者结合日常教学作了一些尝试。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。