罗丹明类荧光探针的合成及对铜离子的检测

合成了罗丹明类Cu2+荧光增强型分子探针3',6'-双(二乙氨基)-2-(N-乙叉基氨基)螺[异吲哚-1,9'-占吨]-3-酮（RA）,并研究了它的光谱性能及对铜离子的识别作用.在乙腈/水（体积比1/1）的介质中,当加入Cu2+后探针RA显玫瑰红色,最大吸收波长为548 nm,最大发射波长为571 nm,且荧光强度显著增强,但是,其它常见离子如Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ag+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Hg2+不引起或引起很小的紫外/可见或荧光光谱变化.RA的选择性荧光增强主要是由于Cu2+诱导分子中的酰胺闭环结构发生开环,导致分子结构的共轭程度增大.在6.5×10-8～2.9×10-6 mol?L-1范围内RA可以有效检测Cu2+,检测限为5.0×10-8 mol?L-1.RA对Cu2+的识别不可逆,而且探针RA对pH值不敏感,可以在比较宽的范围内（pH=4.1～10.5）高灵敏、高选择性检测Cu2+.     

基于有机小分子的Zn2+/Cd2+荧光探针研究新进展

综述了近年来基于有机小分子的Zn2+/Cd2+荧光探针研究新进展.总结了探针分子设计中受体R结构对检测Zn2+/Cd2+的影响,介绍了同一荧光探针分子对Zn2+/Cd2+分别检测的原理和应用.对未来Zn2+/Cd2+荧光探针的研究进行了展望.     

基于脱氧核酶的新型铅离子荧光探针

将荧光猝灭基团修饰的17E脱氧核酶(17E DNAzyme)与荧光基团修饰的底物链通过6个脱氧核苷酸相连, 得到了一种新型的对Pb2+敏感的荧光探针. 由于DNAzyme与底物链发生分子内杂交, 荧光基团与猝灭基团相互靠近, 导致荧光猝灭. 当Pb2+存在时, DNAzyme被激活, 底物链被切断后释放出荧光基团标记的DNA片段, 从而产生明显的荧光信号. 据此可在常温下快速检测Pb2+, 检测下限为10 nmol/L. 在Zn2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Mg2+和Ni2+等多种二价金属离子中, 除Zn2+, Mn2+和Cd2+略有干扰外, 其它几种金属离子均无响应, 表明该荧光探针对Pb2+具有良好的选择性.     

多枝罗丹明酰肼类荧光探针的研究进展与应用

罗丹明以其良好的光稳定性、光物理性质和荧光效应得到了人们的极大重视。 基于罗丹明的螺环衍生物与被检测物质作用开环而产生荧光响应的特性,将两个或多个罗丹明母体单元构筑到包含特异性的识别单元的探针分子中,形成多枝的罗丹明酰肼类荧光探针,不仅可以弥补单分子探针的某些功能缺陷,而且可以使其具有更高灵敏度、更高选择性和可靠性,更加有利于分析检测。 本文着重从设计原理、识别性能、应用范围等方面介绍了多枝罗丹明探针在Hg2+、Cu2+、Fe3+和Al3+等离子检测中发展趋势,并展望了这类荧光探针在活细胞金属离子光学成像的应用前景。     

基于新铜试剂的Cu~(2+)荧光探针的合成及性能研究

基于新铜试剂2,9-二甲基-邻菲罗啉(NCP)对Cu2+的高选择性,本研究以NCP为母体,设计合成了Cu2+荧光探针2,9-二苯并噻唑-邻菲罗啉(PDBT)。该探针对Cu2+具有良好的选择性,Job’s plot研究表明PDBT与Cu2+的结合比为1∶1,与NCP相比,其荧光量子产率提高了7倍,对Cu2+具有高的检测灵敏度,检测限低至0.079μmol/L。进而对市售饮用水进行添加实验,得到了良好的回收率。     

汞离子的高灵敏度裸眼识别和荧光传感探针

设计合成了一种以耐尔蓝为母体的Hg2+光学探针分子1-苯甲酰-3-{2-[9-(乙氨基)-10-甲基-9H-苯并[α]苯酚-5-胺基]乙基}硫脲盐酸盐(NBET). 在pH=7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲液中, 探针分子最大吸收波长为640 nm, 此时溶液为淡蓝色; 加入汞离子可以诱导探针分子在640 nm处的吸收降低, 并在556 nm处产生新的吸收峰, 溶液变为浅紫色, 而其它金属离子的加入未引起显著变化, 基于此可对水溶液中的痕量Hg2+进行裸眼识别. 荧光光谱显示, 汞离子可以特异性地猝灭探针分子在660 nm处的荧光发射. 该探针分子的灵敏度、选择性及荧光量子产率高, 激发/发射波长长, 可以实现水溶液中0.005 μmol/L Hg2+的荧光检测.     

基于杯[4]冠醚的1,3,4-噁二唑荧光探针的合成及对金属离子的识别

分别以2-苯基-5-(2-吡啶基)-1,3,4-噁二唑及2,5-二苯基-1,3,4-噁二唑为荧光基团,设计合成了基于杯[4]冠醚结构的荧光探针分子1a和1b;利用核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)、碳谱(~(13)C NMR)及高分辨质谱(HRMS)表征了其结构.采用紫外-可见光谱及荧光光谱考察了探针分子1a和1b对碱金属离子(Na~+,K~+,Cs~+)、碱土金属离子(Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+))及过渡金属离子(Mn~(2+),Co~(2+),Ni~(2+),Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+),Cd~(2+),Ag~+)的识别作用.结果表明,Na~+可使探针分子1a的二氯甲烷溶液荧光强度显著增强,K+和Cs~+对探针分子1a的荧光强度几乎无影响,而Ca~(2+)及所有过渡金属离子均可有效猝灭探针分子1a的荧光.探针分子1b对于碱金属离子的识别作用与探针分子1a相似,但其与过渡金属离子的络合作用弱于探针分子1a.根据核磁共振表征结果讨论了金属离子与荧光探针的络合位点.     

官能化罗丹明基金属阳离子荧光探针

重金属离子对环境和生物体具有极强的生理毒性,故高选择性和高灵敏度的离子检测荧光探针的研究有着重要意义。荧光分子探针在表达分子间识别行为以及复杂的环境、生命体系的内状态信息方面具有优异的性能,已广泛深入的用于构建新型功能性探针分子。本文综述了近年来基于罗丹明的金属阳离子如Hg₂₊、Cu₂₊、Fe₃₊等荧光分子探针的研究进展,包括探针的结构特征、检测机理、检测水平,更重要的是其在环境检测、生物成像、分子器件等方面的新应用,并对荧光探针所面临的问题和发展前景做了分析。     

近红外Cu2+比率荧光探针合成及其细胞成像

基于罗丹明染料和菁染料衍生物,设计合成了一种新型近红外比率Cu2+荧光探针(RCy7).通过核磁共振和质谱对其结构进行了表征.详细研究了该荧光探针对Cu2+的光学识别性能.在体积比为1∶1的乙腈/Tris-HCl(20 mmol/L,pH=7.2)缓冲溶液中,探针RCy7显蓝色且在722 nm波长处有较强的荧光发射峰,...     

含氟香豆素基哌嗪荧光探针的合成及其性能研究

以7-羟基-4-三氟甲基香豆素和哌嗪为原料,首次合成了具有双荧光侧臂的新型香豆素类荧光探针化合物,研究发现其中间隔基较少的化合物对Cu2+具有较高的选择性,并且对Cu2+的识别不受其它金属离子的干扰.Cu2+在2.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol/L范围内,探针的荧光强度与其浓度有较好的线性关系.     

香豆素类双酰腙荧光探针的合成及对Cu2+的识别性能

设计合成了2种以香豆素为荧光团、酰腙为识别基团的双香豆素双酰腙类荧光探针,并对其进行了结构表征及光谱性能研究。结果表明,探针对Cu^2+具有高选择性和高灵敏度,表现出明显的荧光猝灭效应,探针与Cu^2+以1∶2的结合比相互作用,对Cu^2+检测限为10^-9mol/L。     

Metal ion induced FRET OFF-ON in tren/dansyl-appended rhodamine

A series of new fluorescent probes bearing tren-spaced rhodamine B and dansyl groups have been synthesized. Compound 1 exhibits selective changes in the absorption and the emission spectra toward Cu2+ ion over miscellaneous metal cations. Among 1-3, 1 shows the best FRET efficiency through dansyl emission to rhodamine absorption for the Cu2+ ion.     

Competing binding of metal ions with protein studied by microdialysis

A method has been established to study the competing binding of metal ions with protein by a combined technique of microdialysis with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and human serum albumin (HSA) were chosen as model metal ions and protein. The experimental results show that Ni2+ and Cu2+ share a common primary binding site on HSA, and Zn2+ and Cd2+ share a different common primary binding site from them, but there is a common multi-metal binding site for all of those four metal ions. This method show advantages of fast sampling, easily to be operated and especially to be useful when ideal spectroscopic probes are not available for the study of interaction between protein and metal ions.     

1-乙酰基-3-(2-羟基-4,6-二甲氧基苯基)-5-芳基-2-吡唑啉的合成及Cu2+荧光探针行为

设计合成了6个1-乙酰基-3-(2-羟基-4,6二甲氧基苯基)-5-芳基-2-吡唑啉化合物4a～4f.测试了它们的紫外光谱和荧光光谱,研究了其对铜离子的选择性识别作用.结果表明,化合物4f作为铜离子荧光探针,受常见离子干扰较小,对于铜离子有着较高的选择性和较低的检出限.     

Electrochemiluminescence of Supramolecular Nanorods and Their Application in the “On–Off–On” Detection of Copper Ions

In this work, an “on–off–on” switch system has been successfully applied through the construction of an electrochemiluminscent biosensor for copper ion (Cu²⁺) detection based on a new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter of supramolecular nanorods, which was achieved through supramolecular interactions between 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) and aniline. The initial “signal‐on” state with strong and stable ECL emission was obtained by use of the supramolecular nanorods with a new signal amplification strategy involving a co‐reaction accelerator. In addition, ECL quencher probes (Fc‐NH₂/Cu‐Sub/nano‐Au) were fabricated by immobilizing aminoferrocene (Fc‐NH₂) on Cu‐substrate strand modified Au nanoparticles. The quencher probes were hybridized with the immobilized Cu‐enzyme strand to form Cu²⁺‐specific DNAzyme. Similarly, the “signal‐off” state was obtained by the high quenching effect of Fc‐NH₂ on the ECL of the excited‐state PTCA (¹PTCA*). As expected, the second “switch‐on” state could achieved by incubating with the target Cu²⁺, owing to the Cu²⁺‐specific DNAzyme, which was irreversibly cleaved, resulting in the release of the quencher probes from the sensor interface. Herein, on the basis of the ECL intensity changes (ΔI_ECL) before and after incubating with the target Cu²⁺, the prepared Cu²⁺‐specific DNAzyme‐based biosensor was used for the determination of Cu²⁺ concentrations with high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and good regeneration.     

Preparation and application of MS-M2+ nanoparticles as a novel resonance light-scattering probe

Metal-enriched metal sulfide nanoparticles (MS-M2+, M = Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd) have been prepared. We found ZnS-Zn2+ and CuS-Cu2+ nanoparticles are water-soluble and biocompatible. They could be used as new kind of resonance light-scattering (RLS) probes in the determination of gamma-globulin human, which was proved to be a simple, rapid and specific method. In comparison with organic dye probes, these nanoparticles probes are brighter, more stable against photobleaching, and do not suffer from blinking. Under the optimum conditions, the response is linearly proportional to the concentration of gamma-globulin human. ZnS-Zn2+ nanoparticles as a RLS probe: between 0.1 and 2.0 mg l(-1), and the limit of detection is 0.0403 mg l(-1); CuS-Cu2+ nanoparticles as a RLS probe: between 0.1 and 1.5 mg l(-1), and the limit of detection is 0.0646 mg l(-1). We find the effect of other protein on this assay is weak, this assay has good selectivity.     

罗丹明-三嗪衍生物的合成及探针性质

在控制反应温度的条件下, 用罗丹明B酰肼(或罗丹明B乙二胺)选择性分步取代三聚氯氰环上的活性氯, 合成了系列罗丹明-三嗪衍生物. 考察了不同取代获得的衍生物的探针识别性能, 发现所制备的衍生物能高灵敏、高选择性地识别Al³⁺, Cr³⁺或Cu²⁺离子, 是一类性能良好的金属离子荧光和比色增强型探针.     

液态石油烃的脱砷及砷化物与亚铜探针的相互作用

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法, 在6-311+G(2df,2p)基组水平上研究了液态石油烃体系中甲基胂化合物与过渡金属探针Cu+和CuCl的相互作用. 结果表明, 甲基胂化物与亚铜离子作用的最稳定模式为四面体构型, 随着烃基取代数增加, 砷化物同Cu+或CuCl的相互作用能(E0)更负, 配合物更稳定, 同时二者的相互作用轨道的能级差(△E)与E0值线性相关(R2≥0.99). Cu+配合物中, As—Cu成键轨道向C—As和/或H—As反键轨道形成电子反馈, 但是CuCl配合物中类似电子反馈则没有形成. 烃基取代并不降低活性组分对砷化物的吸附活性, 在活性组分满足砷化物选择性吸附的条件下, 液态石油烃脱砷的主要控制因素为砷化物在脱砷剂内部孔道中的扩散传输. 有机硫化物噻吩并不影响砷化物的选择性吸附分离, 硫醇类化合物则会影响单烷基砷化物的选择性吸附. 在进行脱砷剂开发时, 应拓宽载体孔道以提高流体传输效率, 并选择活性相组分与砷化物作用的△E相对较小, 配合物容易形成电子反馈, 且对硫醇类化合物的作用能力相对较弱, 对单烷基砷化物的作用能力相对较强的过渡金属组分.     

Designed to dissolve: suppression of colloidal aggregation of Cu(I)-selective fluorescent probes in aqueous buffer and in-gel detection of a metallochaperone

Due to the lipophilicity of the metal-ion receptor, previously reported Cu(I)-selective fluorescent probes form colloidal aggregates, as revealed by dynamic light scattering. To address this problem, we have developed a hydrophilic triarylpyrazoline-based fluorescent probe, CTAP-2, that dissolves directly in water and shows a rapid, reversible, and highly selective 65-fold fluorescence turn-on response to Cu(I) in aqueous solution. CTAP-2 proved to be sufficiently sensitive for direct in-gel detection of Cu(I) bound to the metallochaperone Atox1, demonstrating the potential for cation-selective fluorescent probes to serve as tools in metalloproteomics for identifying proteins with readily accessible metal-binding sites.     

Association of Cu2+ with uracil and its thio derivatives: a theoretical study.

The structures and relative stabilities of the complexes between Cu2+ and uracil, 2-thiouracil, 4-thiouracil, and 2,4-dithiouracil were investigated by B3LYP/6-311+G(2df,2p)//B3LYP/6-31G* DFT calculations. In those systems in which both types of basic centers, that is, a carbonyl and a thiocarbonyl group, are present, association of Cu2+ with the oxygen atom is systematically favored, in contrast to what was found for the corresponding Cu+ complexes. This can be understood by considering that association of Cu2+ is immediately followed by oxidation of the base, which accumulates the negative charge at the oxygen atoms. Similarly, for 2,4-dithiouracil the most basic site for Cu+ attachment is the sulfur atom at the 4-position, while for association of Cu2+ it is sulfur at the 2-position. In contrast, differences between uracil-Cu+ and uracil-Cu2+ complexes are very small, and in both cases the oxygen atom at the 4-position is the most basic. Cu2+ binding energies are about 4 and 1.2 times larger than Cu+ binding energies and proton affinities, respectively. Uracil- and thiouracil-Cu2+ complexes are thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable with respect to their dissociation into uracil*+ + Cu+ or thiouracil*+ + Cu+. The Cu2+ binding energies vary with the difference between the second ionization potential of the metal and the first ionization potential of the base. regardless of the reference acid (H+, Cu+, Cu2+) the basicity trend is 2,4-dithiouracil > 4-thiouracil > 2-thiouracil > uracil.