超声衍生萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中茅草枯含量

以乙二胺四乙酸四钠盐为配位体,五氟苄基溴为衍生剂,取土壤样品(4.0g),石英砂(2g),Na4-EDTA(0.2g)和水1.0mL混匀并放置,使其水分挥发尽后加入丙酮4mL,300g·L-1五氟苄基溴溶液100μL和300g·L-1碳酸钾溶液100μL,进行超声衍生萃取。取上清液1.0mL,吹氮至近干,加入正己烷1.0mL,再次吹氮至近干,定容至1mL,按仪器工作条件进行测定。用HP-5MS毛细管色谱柱进行分离。质谱测定中用负化学离子源。线性范围为2.5~200μg·kg-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.34μg·kg-1。以土壤样品为基体,用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在89.1%~106%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在9.9%~11%之间。     

络合萃取-在线衍生土壤酸性除草剂条件选择与优化

以Na4EDTA为络合剂,以五氟苄基溴为衍生试剂,采用快速溶剂萃取仪萃取,同时实现土壤酸性除草剂的络合萃取在线衍生,并以气相色谱-质谱(NCI源)进行检测。对络合条件、衍生条件、萃取条件、离子源选择进行了优化。方法的回收率为75%～95%、相对标准偏差为6.7%～13%、检测限2.8～8.4μg/Kg。     

同步超声衍生萃取土壤中氯代酸性有机物

建立了土壤中酸性有机物的同步衍生萃取分析方法,实现了溶剂体积与土壤质量1:1萃取。将土壤、石英砂、Na4-EDTA和纯水充分混合,室温放置36 h左右使酸性有机物释放,并使水分挥发。将该状态的土壤置于衍生瓶,加入丙酮、五氟苄基溴溶液和K2CO3溶液,利用超声技术将酸性有机物的萃取和衍生同时完成,超声时间为30 min时达到最佳萃取衍生效果。萃取液用硅胶柱净化后,用气相色谱-负化学源质谱(NCI)11 min内完成检测。在5.0~250.0μg/L线性范围内,各组分线性系数r2>0.997,检出限在1.2~4.8μg/kg之间,加标回收率在66.2%~102.9%之间,相对标准偏差在8.4%~13%之间。用该技术对土壤样品分析取得满意结果。     

毛细管电泳柱后衍生激光诱导荧光测定动物组织中卡那霉素类抗生素

采用毛细管电泳柱后衍生激光诱导荧光测定3种卡那霉素类抗生素。研究了在反向电渗流条件下HAc-NaAc缓冲液酸度和浓度对卡那霉素类抗生素分离的影响,研究了Na2B4O7缓冲体系和柱后衍生试剂萘二醛/2-巯基乙醇浓度对检测信号的影响。采用50 mmol/L HAc-NaAc(pH5.0) 0.5 mmol/L CTMAB溶液为分离缓冲液,样品在-15 kV下分离,与柱后衍生试剂1.0 mmol/L NDA 8.0 mmol/L 2-ME 35 mmol/LNa2B4O7(pH10.0)的30%(V/V)甲醇溶液反应,激发诱导荧光检测卡那霉素类抗生素检出限为3.6×10-5~5.2×10-5g/L;本方法用于动物组织中卡那霉素类抗生素残留检测,相对标准偏差小于7.2%;回收率为90.2%~95.3%(n=4)。     

硅烷化衍生／气相色谱／电子捕获检测水产品中羟基多氯联苯的研究

以贻贝为实验样品,采用正己烷-乙酸乙酯(体积比1:1)为萃取溶剂,超声提取,硫酸、活性硅胶柱净化去除脂质及蛋白干扰物质,以双(三甲基硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺-三甲基氯硅烷(BSTFA-TMCS,体积比 99:1)为衍生试剂对羟基多氯联苯进行硅烷化衍生,确定了最佳衍生参数,并研究了气相色谱/电子捕获检测水产品中羟基多氯联苯的分析条件.研究得出,硅烷化衍生最佳衍生温度为60 ℃,最佳衍生时间为40 min;阴性空白贻贝样品在1、2、4 μg/kg的添加水平下,3-OH-PCB101、4-OH-PCB112、4-OH-PCB106的平均回收率为72% ～84%,RSD为0.4% ～10.6%,检出限为1.0 μg/kg.该方法可用于水产品中羟基多氯联苯的检测.     

碱蒸馏/超声波衍生化-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中的偏二甲肼

建立了碱蒸馏/超声波衍生化预处理的气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中偏二甲肼的分析方法。通过碱蒸馏预处理方法,以水杨醛为衍生化试剂,采用超声波加速衍生化反应,在选择离子检测( SIM)模式下进行定量分析,衍生化产物的特征离子为m/z 164。考察了碱蒸馏、超声波衍生化条件的影响,并对衍生化条件进行优化,方法的线性范围在0.4~30 mg/L之间,方法检出限为0.0078 mg/kg。以此方法测定已知浓度的土壤样品,目标化合物的含量在10~100 mg/kg之间,回收率在76％~108％之间,相对标准偏差在12％~19％之间。与分光光度法、索氏提取/超声波衍生化-气相色谱-质谱法相比较,本方法检出限显著优于二者。     

柱后衍生-离子色谱法测定面粉中痕龄逅嵫蔚难芯

采用离子交换柱后衍生离子色谱法测定面粉中痕量溴酸盐的含量。选用高容量柱,以9．0mmol／L Na2CO3溶液为流动相,邻二甲氧基联苯胺盐酸盐（ODA）等为柱后衍生剂,在450nm波长处检测。样品处理包括溶剂溶解、超声浸提、沉淀离心、过滤分离等步骤,BrO3^-的检出限为0．033μg/L（3σ）,线性范围为0．2～260μg／L,样品分析结果的相对标准偏差（RSI））小于2％（n=6）,加标回收率在92％～101％之间。共存离子F^-、Cl^-、Br^-、NO3^-、NO2^-、PO4^3-、SO4^2-以及苯甲酸、山梨酸、甜蜜素、糖精钠、柠檬酸、酒石酸等食品添加剂均对测定无干扰。     

同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱法测定食品接触纸制品中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇和1,3-二氯-2-丙醇的迁移量

建立了同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）同时测定食品接触纸制品中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇（3-MCPD）和1,3-二氯-2-丙醇（1,3-DCP）迁移量的方法。以4%（体积分数,下同）乙酸溶液、10%（体积分数,下同）乙醇溶液、50%（体积分数,下同）乙醇溶液和橄榄油为食品模拟物,根据GB 5009.156-2016和GB 31604.1-2015对样品进行迁移试验。称取迁移后的样品溶液10.00 g,经5 mL异辛烷（4%乙酸溶液、10%乙醇溶液、50%乙醇溶液）或2 mL甲醇（橄榄油）萃取,离心,氮吹至近干后,再加入含100μg·L^-1 3-MCPD-d₅和1,3-DCP-d₅的内标溶液1.0 mL,得到样品浓缩液。用气密针向样品浓缩液中加入20μL衍生试剂[含1%（质量分数）三甲基氯硅烷的N,O-双（三甲基硅烷基）三氟乙酰胺溶液],于80℃衍生60 min。采用GC-MS分析,内标法定量。结果显示：3-MCPD、1,3-DCP标准曲线的线性范围均为5～100μg·L^-1,检出限（3s）均...     

微波衍生-离子对高效液相-磺化四苯基卟啉光度法同时测定痕量镍、铜、锰和锌

 用磺化四苯基卟啉 (TPPS4 )作柱前衍生试剂 ,在微波作用下进行衍生反应 ,研究了衍生和分离Ni2 + ,Mn2 + ,Zn2 + 和Cu2 + 的最佳条件。在 75 0W的微波作用下衍生反应 3min ,在C18柱上采用乙腈 水 (体积比为 2 2 5∶77 5 )体系作流动相 ,四乙基溴化铵 (TEABr)作离子对试剂 ,在 415nm处检测 ,建立了微波衍生 离子对高效液相快速分离、光度检测Ni2 + ,Mn2 + ,Zn2 + 和Cu2 + 的新方法。络合物和反应试剂在 15min内出峰完毕。Zn2 + ,Cu2 + ,Ni2 + 和Mn2 + 的检测限分别为 0 0 5 μg/L ,0 0 1μg/L ,0 10 μg/L和 0 40 μg/L。     

测定痕量锰的锰(Ⅱ)-锌试剂-重铬酸钾体系催化分光光度法

在Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲介质及加热条件下 ,锰 (Ⅱ )对重铬酸钾氧化锌试剂引起褪色 ,有明显的催化作用 ,据此建立了测定痕量锰的新方法 ;该法的线性范围为0.69～40μg/L,检出限为0.22μg/L ,反应表观活化能为87.1kJ/mol,反应表观速率常量1.10×10-3/s,用该法测定蒙药样品中锰含量 ,结果令人满意     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.