外源镧对红壤、水稻土肥力参数的影响

采用土柱模拟研究了La对红壤,水稻土阳离子交换量,溶液组成,交换性酸等肥力参数的影响,随着外源La浓度的增加,积累在红壤,水稻土中的La呈交换态的比例增加,红壤比水稻土含有更多的水溶性La和交换态La,且当La浓度大于600mg.kg^-1时,呈交换态比例基本保持不变,当La浓度小于1200mg.kg^-1时,对红壤阳离子交换量没有显著影响,但La浓度达1200mg.kg^-1时,对水稻土阳离子交换量产生极显著影响,La增加土壤酸度,并主要为交换性Al, La导致土壤胶体表面交换性Ca,Mg减少,土壤溶液中Ca,Mg增加,但当La浓度小于150mg.kg^-1时,对红壤,水稻土阳离子交换量,交换性Ca,Mg和交换性H,Al不会造成显著影响。     

弱酸性阳离子交换纤维的制备和应用的研究

本文采用碱性条件下的腈纶水解法，以硫酸肼为交联剂，制备了具有高交换容量和良好物理－机械性能的弱酸性阳离子交换纤维，最高交换容量可达８．４ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ（Ｈ型干纤）。除研究各种因素对纤维性能的影响外，本文还通过实验及仪器分析手段测定了纤维的结构，初步探讨了水解交联的反应机理。将此离子交换纤维用于净化ＨＣｌ和ＮＨ３这两种酸、碱有害气体，实验表明吸附性能优于同类树脂。     

聚四氟乙烯纤维辐照接枝制备弱酸性离子交换剂及其对Cu~(2+)的吸附

以聚四氟乙烯纤维为基体通过6 0 Co辐射引发与丙烯酸接枝制备弱酸性阳离子交换纤维 .产物功能基含量为 3 0 6mmol g,在pH =5时该纤维达到对Cu2 + 的最大动态吸附量为 10 7 4 8mg g.使用不同浓度HCl对饱和吸附铜的接枝纤维进行洗脱 ,证实该纤维对铜离子具有优异的解吸性能     

“HD—2弱酸性阳离子交换树脂的研制及其在氨墓糖苷类抗生素中应用”在上海四药股份育限公司通过鉴定

“ＨＤ—２弱酸性阳离子交换树脂的研制及其在氨墓糖苷类抗生素中应用”在上海四药股份育限公司通过鉴定华东理工大学华震科技贸易公司与上海四药股份有限公司合作承担的“ＨＤ—２弱酸性阳离子交换树脂及其在氨基糖苷类抗生素中的应用”项目于１９９５年１月２４日通过了...     

化学转化法制备磁性阳离子交换树脂的研究

本文通过化学转化法即化学共沉淀法，分别研究了强酸性和弱酸性阳离子交换树脂的磁转化对相应所得树脂的磁性的影响，制得了磁性毫米级和微米级粒径的强酸性，弱酸性阳离子交换树脂。所得磁性树脂有磁性强，磁性物质分布均匀而且稳定，并保持树脂的原有特性。     

半碳化粘胶基阳离子交换纤维的结构与性能的研究

本工作采用元素分析,比表面积测定,静态吸附、动态吸附、中和滴定、pH曲线测定、热分析、扫描电镜、红外光谱、X-射线光电子能谱(ESCA)、X-射线衍射分析等技术较系统地研究了我们首次研制的半碳化粘胶基阳离子交换纤维(SCVCIEF)的结构与性能。结果表明,此类新型阳离子交换纤维具有交换容量高,再生性能好等特性;SCVCIEF-C_1的动态交换容量为5.64毫克当量/克,SCVCIEF-b_1为5.7毫克当量/克;再生交换二十次后SCVCIEF-C_1的交换容量仅下降1.4％,SCVCIEF-b_1下降5.8％;交换纤维比表面积大,吸(脱)附速度快,耐酸、耐水,耐有机溶剂,耐热性良好,碱性介质中交换温度对纤维交换容量影响较大。     

半碳化粘胶基阳离子交换纤维(SCVCIEF)的制备及反应机理的研究

本工作首次研究将接枝聚苯乙烯的棉粘胶纤维、未接枝的棉粘胶纤维及甘蔗渣粘胶纤维预先进行部分碳化,随后进行磺化处理制取不同品种的半碳化粘胶基阳离子交换纤维(SCVCIEF)。本工作还借助元素分析、红外光谱、化学滴定、扫描电镜等分析手段探讨了交换纤维的反应机理。结果表明,半碳化粘胶基纤维在催化剂存在下经浓硫酸加热磺化处理可制取理论交换容量高达7毫克当量/克,中性盐分解容量大于2毫克当量/克的阳离子交换纤维;催化剂对磺化反应有较大的促进作用;磺化反应过程伴生氧化反应而使纤维引进羧基、内酯基。     

化学吸附纤维制备、性能及应用研究进展

综述了20年来作者对化学吸附纤维(离子交换、螯合)制备、性能及应用研究结果．包括已发表的文章、未全丈发表的会议报告及尚未发表的研究结果．化学吸附纤维制备研究：基体纤维有聚丙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇纤维，采用方法有辐射引发、化学引发、大分子化学转化，研制了强酸、弱酸性阳离子交换纤维；强碱、弱碱性阴离子交换纤维、螯合纤维．应用研究：对金、铀、重金属等离子的吸附和分离；在填充床电渗析中的应用、吸附气体中H2S、CO2、NH3、HCl、SO2，以及CO2、H2S的分离；废水处理等．     

HDEHP和HEH/EHP混合萃取剂在硫酸介质中协同萃取RE(Ⅲ)的机制研究

对HDEHP(H2B2)和HEH/EHP(H2L2)混合萃取剂在硫酸介质中萃取稀土元素(La,Nd,Sm,Gd)的机制进行了研究。研究表明,在水相平衡pH=2.0时,混合萃取剂萃取这几种元素的协萃系数分别为:1.96(La),3.52(Nd),5.96(Sm),5.71(Gd),并且协萃系数随水相平衡pH的升高而增加。利用斜率法分别确定了单一萃取剂HDEHP和HEH/EHP以及混合萃取剂HDEHP HEH/EHP在硫酸体系中萃取稀土元素的配合物结构式分别为RE(SO4)xH2x(HB2)3,RE(SO4)xH2x(HL2)3以及RE(HB2)2(HL2)。计算了反应的平衡常数及形成常数并确定了反应机制为阳离子交换反应。     

镧离子掺杂的聚苯乙烯阳离子交换树脂碳化产物的组成、结构和电化学性能

制备了La3 掺杂的聚苯乙烯阳离子交换树脂 ,对其进行碳化处理 ,分析了树脂碳化产物的组成和结构 ,并进一步考察了树脂碳化产物作为二次锂离子电池碳电极材料的电化学行为。La3 掺杂的聚苯乙烯阳离子交换树脂碳化产物与相同处理条件下的未掺杂离子的树脂碳化样品相比 ,3种非C元素H ,O ,S的含量都发生了明显的变化 ,其中H ,O含量有所提高 ,而S含量则有所降低。La3 掺杂的聚苯乙烯阳离子交换树脂在碳化过程中更易形成直径较大的层片石墨微晶结构。电化学实验测试结果进一步证明 :La3 掺杂有效地提高了树脂碳化产物作为锂离子电池碳负极材料的电化学性能。掺杂La3 的树脂碳化样品制备的锂离子电池碳电极材料与未掺杂La3 的树脂碳化样品制备的碳电极材料相比 ,充放电容量平均提高了约 30mAh·g- 1。     

La0.5R0.5Ba2Cu3O7,Pr0.5R0.5Ba2Cu3O7以及RBa2Cu3o7（R=稀土）的键共价性计

使用复杂晶体化学键理论计算了Ｌａ０．５Ｒ０．５Ｂａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７（Ｒ＝Ｐｒ,Ｎｄ,Ｓｍ,Ｅｕ,Ｇｄ,Ｄｙ,Ｙ,Ｈｏ,Ｅｒ,Ｔｍ,Ｙｂ,Ｌｕ）（Ｌａ－Ｒ１２３）,Ｐｒ０．５Ｒ０．５Ｂａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７（Ｒ＝Ｌａ,Ｎｄ,Ｓｍ,Ｅｕ,Ｇｄ,Ｄｙ,Ｈｏ,Ｙ,Ｅｒ,Ｔｍ,Ｙｂ,Ｌｕ）（Ｐｒ－Ｒ１２３）以及ＲＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７（Ｒ＝Ｌａ,Ｐｒ,Ｎｄ,Ｓｍ,Ｅｕ,Ｇｄ,Ｄｙ,Ｈｏ,Ｙ,Ｅｒ,Ｔｍ）（Ｒ１２３）中Ｃｕ－Ｏ键的键共价性,结果表明Ｐｒ－Ｒ１２３,Ｌａ－Ｒ１２３,以及Ｒ１２３都应具有超导性,而实验结果是Ｌａ０．５Ｐｒ０．５Ｂａ２Ｃｕ０７,Ｒ０．５,Ｐｒ０．５Ｂａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７（Ｒ＝Ｌａ,Ｎｄ,Ｓｍ,Ｅｕ,Ｇｄ）无超导性,产生这种矛盾的原因尚不明确,需要做进一步的研究。     

用非等温DSC曲线确定Ln(NCS)3-·4C3H5CH2NH2的热分解反应机理函数及热分解反应动力学参数

本文利用非等温DSC曲线对十二种镧系元素异硫氰酸盐与苄胺形成的配合物Ln(NCS)3·4C6H5CH2NH2(Ln=La、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Ge、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb)进行了非等温动力学研究, 并运用积分法和微分法进行了分析, 推断了它们的热分解反应机理函数。     

Determination of rare earths and thorium in apatites by thermal and epithermal neutron-activation analysis

A procedure is described for the non-destructive determination of Na, Mn, La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu and Th in apatites by thermal and epithermal neutron-activation of independent portions of the material. The method was applied to three apatites with different contents. The precision obtained was better than +/-5% for La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy and +/-20% for Yb, Nd, Ho, Er and Lu for an apatite with a total rare-earth oxide content of the order of 1%. Determination of Ce, Tb and Yb could only be carried out with thermal neutron-activation analysis, while Gd, Ho and Er could only be determined after irradiation with epithermal neutrons.     

邻氯苯甲酸稀土配合物的合成、表征及结构

本文合成了邻氯苯甲酸与十五种稀土的配合物REL~3·H~2O(RE=Y,La～Lu,L=Clc~6H~4CO~2H),研究了它们的热分解及红外光谱.测定了钕、铽及镥三种稀土的配合物晶体结构,均属单斜晶系,空间群P2~1/n,稀土离子配位数为9,配合物呈无限链状聚合结构.     

Determination of rare-earth eleemnts in rock samples by neutron activation analysis

A Ge(Li) detector combined with cation exchange separation has been used for the determination of 12 rare-earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) in rock samples by neutron activation analysis. After purification by the conventional hydroxide-fluoride precipitation, the rare-earth elements are separated into two fractions, light (La-Tb) and heavy (Ho-Lu), by EDTA cation exchange, and the γ-activities of the two fractions are measured by a Ge(Li) detector. The heavy rare-earths, such as Ho, Er, and Tm, can be easily γ-counted without serious interference from the intense Compton background and photopeaks due to the light rare-earths such as¹⁴⁰La,¹⁵³Sm,¹⁵²Eu, and¹⁶⁰Tb. The chemical yields (60%) for the individual rare-earths are determined by a reactivation technique. The results obtained for the U.S. Geological Survey standard rocks G-1 and W-1 are compared with the previously reported data.     

Application of atomic absorption spectrophotometry for the determination of lanthanides in ores and rare earth concentrates

Summary Concentrations of La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Y were determined in rare earth ores and concentrates by the flame atomic absorption method, those of Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Y also by the flameless method with a graphite cell. Accuracy was checked by using a standard lanthanides mixture. The results of the determinations in concentrates (by flame and by furnace AAS, both direct measurement and standard addition method) were compared with those obtained by spectrophotometry. Detection limits were defined in a HGA-70 graphite cell with application of a standard graphite tube. The results of the examinations revealed that both the AAS methods are suitable for lanthanide determinations in the above materials. Heavy lanthanides can be determined in lower concentrations than by spectrophotometry.

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Anwendung der Atomabsorptions-Spektralphotometrie zur Bestimmung von Lanthaniden in Erzen und Seltenerd-Konzentraten

Zusammenfassung La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb und Y wurden in Erzen und Konzentraten mit Hilfe der Flammen-Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie bestimmt, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb und Y auch nach der flammenlosen Methode unter Anwendung der Graphitküvette. Die Genauigkeit wurde mit Hilfe einer Standardmischung von Lanthaniden geprüft. Die Ergebnisse der Bestimmungen in Konzentraten (Flammen- und flammenlose AAS, Direktmessung und Methode der Standardzugaben) wurden mit spektralphotometrischen Resultaten verglichen. Die Nachweisgrenzen wurden für die Graphitküvette HGA-70 mit Standardgraphitröhre bestimmt. Es ergab sich, daß beide AAS-Methoden für den genannten Zweck verwendbar sind. Die schweren Lanthanide können in niedrigeren Konzentrationen bestimmt werden als mit Hilfe der Spektralphotometrie.

     

Coordination polymers based on inorganic lanthanide(II) sulfate skeletons and an organic isonicotinate N-oxide connector: segregation into three structural types by the lanthanide contraction effect

Fourteen three-dimensional coordination polymers of general formula [Ln(lNO)(H2O)(SO4)]n, where Ln = La, 1.La; Ce, 2.Ce; Pr, 3.Pr; Nd, 4.Nd; Sm, 5.Sm; Eu, 6.Eu; Gd, 7.Gd; Tb, 8.Tb; Dy, 9.Dy; Ho, 10.Ho; Er. 11.Er; Tm, 12.Tm; Yb, 13.Yb; and Lu, 14.Lu; INO = isonicotinate-N-oxide, have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions of Ln3+, MnCO3, MnSO4 x H2O, and isonicotinic acid N-oxide (HINO) at 155 degrees C and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, thermal analysis, luminescence spectroscopy, and the magnetic measurement. The structures are formed by connection of layer, chain, or dimer of Ln-SO4 by the organic connector, INO. They belong to three structural types that are governed exclusively by the size of the ions: type I for the large ions, La, Ce, and Pr; type II for the medium ions, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, and Tb; and type III for the small ions, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu. Type I consists of two-dimensional undulate Ln-sulfate layers pillared by INO to form a three-dimensional network. Type II has a 2-fold interpenetration of "3D herringbone" networks, in which the catenation is sustained by extensive pi-pi interactions and O-H...O and C-H...O hydrogen bonds. Type III comprises one-dimensional chains that are connected by INO bridges, resulting in an alpha-Po network. The progressive structural change is due to the metal coordination number decreasing from nine for the large ions via eight to seven for the small ions, demonstrating clearly the effect of lanthanide contraction. The sulfate ion acts as a micro4- or micro3-bridge, connecting two, three, or four metals, and is both mono- and bidentate. The INO ligand acts as a micro3- or micro2-bridge with carboxylate group in syn-syn bridging or bidentate chelating mode. The materials show considerably high thermal stability. The magnetic properties of 4.Nd, 6.Eu, 7.Gd, and 13.Yb and the luminescence properties of 6.Eu and 8.Tb are also investigated.     

Molar enthalpies of formation of LnAl2 compounds

The enthalpy of solution of Eu in Al and the standard molar enthalpy of formation of LnAl₂ (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) were determined by dissolution calorimetry, using a calorimeter based on liquid aluminium. Experimental results are compared with model predictions.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Bis(undeca-tungstoferrate) Lanthanates of Potassium

A series of novel rare earth complexes with 11-tungstoferrate as ligand, K15Ln(FeW11 O39)2 .xH2O(Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er or Yb) were prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-vis, polarograms, magnetic susceptibility and thermal measurement.Keywords Heteropoly complex, Rare earth complex, Synthesis, Bis(undecatungstoferrate) lanthanates of potassium     

Determination of ten rare-earth elements and yttrium in silicate rocks by ICP-AES without separation and preconcentration

Lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, erbium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium have been determined in 8 international rock standards by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) without prior ion-exchange separation and preconcentration. The results for La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Dy, Yb and Y were in good agreement with the reported values, whereas those for Sm, Gd, Er and Lu were less accurate. However, the results for Sm, Gd, Er and Lu can also be used for studies of petrogenesis.