马兜铃酸-DNA加合物定量分析的新进展

马兜铃酸（aristolochic acid）是马兜铃科植物所含的主要药物成分,属硝基菲类衍生物.但是,近几年有许多报道马兜铃酸具有致癌和致突变作用.动物实验和临床研究表明,马兜铃酸进入人体后,在机体组织中形成马兜铃酸-DNA加合物,进而引起致癌作用.因此,马兜铃酸-DNA加合物现已被用作检测马兜铃酸中毒的生物标记物.本文介绍了当前马兜铃酸-DNA加合物主要的检测方法：32P标记法,高效液相色谱-紫外检测法,高效液相色谱-放射检测法,高效液相色谱-荧光检测法,高效液相色谱-质谱联用法和超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法.本研究也通过实验表明,超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法对马兜铃酸-DNA加合物的检测具有快速、灵敏、专一性和重现性强、定量准确的特点,是马兜铃酸-DNA加合物研究的有力工具.本文最后总结了在不同实验对象和给药剂量的马兜铃酸研究中,马兜铃酸-DNA加合物的检测数据,对马兜铃酸-DNA加合物的研究具有参考价值.     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用法快速筛查化妆品中112种禁用药物

建立了同时筛查确认化妆品中喹诺酮类、糖皮质激素类、硝基咪唑类、四环素类、大环内酯类、磺胺类、头孢类和性激素8类112种禁用药物的高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析方法。试样采用0. 2%甲酸乙腈作为提取液,通过Qu ECh ERS净化后过滤膜上机检测。以0. 2%甲酸水-0. 2%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,C18色谱柱分离,质谱动态多反应监测(DMRM)模式进行分析。结果表明,112种药物的定量下限为2. 0～10. 0μg/kg;加标回收率为82. 0%～108%;相对标准偏差(RSD)为2. 0%～7. 9%。该方法操作简单、快速、高效,适用于化妆品中上述几类禁用药物的快速筛查和测定。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定动物源性食品中11种禁限兽药及代谢物

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测鸡蛋、液态奶、鸡肉及淡水鱼中4类(氯霉素类、硝基咪唑类、林可酰胺类与大环内酯类)8种禁限兽药与3种代谢物残留的分析方法.对样品前处理及色谱条件进行优化,样品经0.1 mol/L pH 9.0的磷酸盐缓冲液水解分散,乙腈提取,提取液经乙酸乙酯...     

反相高效液相色谱检测2-(3-硝基-4-联苯基)丙腈和2-(4-氨基-3-硝基苯基)丙腈

氟比洛芬是一种高效低毒的消炎镇痛药物,该产品属国内空白,主要依赖进口.我们设计了以苯乙腈为起始原料合成氟比洛芬的新工艺路线,该路线中形成的中间体2-(3-硝基-4-联苯基)丙腈是导致最终产品收率及产品纯度的关键因素.对原料2-(4-氨基-3-硝基苯基)丙腈及中间体的高效液相色谱保留行为的研究文献尚未见报道.本文用反相高效液相色谱研究了两种化合物的保留行为,优选出了最佳分离条件,对指导实际生产具有一定意义.     

液液萃取柱-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定乳制品中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留

采用液液萃取柱-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术建立了乳制品中硝基呋喃类代谢物的快速测定方法。硝基呋喃类代谢物衍生化反应后,利用EXtrelut NT液液萃取小柱进行净化富集,采用正离子多反应监测模式,内标法定量。硝基呋喃类代谢物在0.10~10.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.04~0.10μg/kg,回收率范围为71.5%~109.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)范围4.6%~9.8%。方法适用于乳制品中硝基呋喃类代谢物的快速检测。     

固相萃取-液相色谱-质谱/质谱法同时测定蜂蜜中的多类药物残留

建立了采用固相萃取-液相色谱-质谱/质谱(SPE-LC-MS/MS)对蜂蜜中磺胺类、硝基咪唑类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、林可酰胺类和吡喹酮共计6大类54种药物残留同时测定的方法。蜂蜜经磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 8)稀释,Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化后,通过液相色谱-质谱联用技术进行检测(正离子方式,多反应监测模式)。采用同位素稀释内标法或外标法进行定量,线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.992。方法的定量限(LOQ,以信噪比(S/N)大于10计)分别为磺胺类和硝基咪唑类药物1.0 μg/kg,喹诺酮类和林可酰胺类药物2.0 μg/kg,大环内酯类药物3.0 μg/kg,吡喹酮0.3 μg/kg。总体回收率为32.6%～114%,相对标准偏差为1.3%～28.9%。该方法的定量限满足目前国内外药物的最大残留限量要求,可作为蜂蜜中相关药物残留量的筛选检测方法。     

醋酸纤维素液相色谱固定相的制备与手性拆分

在均相条件下合成了醋酸纤维素,将其涂渍在修饰硅胶表面,制备了涂渍型高效液相色谱固定相.在40MPa压力下将所得固定相装入色谱柱.在高效液相色谱正相色谱条件下,对包括醇类、羧酸类、胺类、氨基酸类及药物类的16种新型手性化合物进行了拆分试验,结果有6种手性化合物得到了分离,效果良好.     

高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定蛋黄粉中硝基呋喃代谢产物

采用固相基质分散技术, 液-液分配净化, 同位素内标定量, 建立了蛋黄粉中呋喃它酮、呋喃西林、呋喃妥因和呋喃唑酮等硝基呋喃类药物代谢产物残留的高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱测定方法. 方法测定低限为0.5 μg/kg;线性范围为0.5～6.0 μg/kg;室内验证回收率范围为90.06%～109.8%;相对标准偏差2.0%～7.7%. 该方法适用于残留检测实验室对蛋黄粉类基质中硝基呋喃代谢产物的监控检测.     

蒸发光散射检测技术

 对高效液相色谱中的蒸发光散射检测技术进行了综述。重点介绍了蒸发光散射检测器的仪器构造、工作原理、影响检测的因素、检测理论及其在类酯、表面活性剂和药物成分等物质检测方面的应用。 关键词：蒸发光散射检测器;工作原理;检测理论;类酯;表面活性剂;药物     

水体中硝基芳烃类有机污染物分析方法研究进展

硝基芳烃类有机物是一类重要的化工原料,也是性质相对稳定、难以降解的高毒污染物。其检测技术主要有分光光度法、电化学法、液相色谱法、气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法(GC/ECD)、气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)等。其中GC/ECD法和GC-MS法因测定准确、灵敏、适用范围广而得到广泛应用。该文从不同类型水体中硝基芳烃类有机物样品的采集、前处理以及检测分析技术的选择角度,对硝基芳烃类有机物检测技术的发展进行了简要评述,同时对其分析方法进行了展望。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定蔬菜水果中的12种农药残留

建立了同时测定蔬菜水果中12种农药残留的反相高效液相色谱分析方法。将样品捣碎,用乙酸乙酯超声提取,经Florisil固相萃取柱净化、正己烷-二氯甲烷(体积比为1∶1)洗脱、氮气吹干、甲醇溶解并定容后,采用高效液相色谱柱分离、紫外检测,以外标法定量。结果表明：12种农药标准曲线的线性相关系数范围为0.9985~0.9999;检测限为0.14~2.65 ng;在水果中的平均加标回收率为62.2%~118.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.56%~11.8%;在蔬菜中的平均加标回收率为52.1%~124.6%,RSD为0.89%~18.4%。用所建立的方法成功地测定了白菜、莲白、黄瓜、苹果、梨等40份样品中的农药残留。方法具有快速、简便、准确、灵敏、重现性较好的特点,适合于蔬菜水果样品中多种微量农药残留的测定。     

Development and applications of single-drop microextraction for pesticide residue analysis: A review

Single-drop microextraction (SDME) has become more popular than other microextraction techniques because it is simple, cost-effective, easy to operate and nearly solvent-free. The technique has been employed successfully for trace analysis in environmental, biomedical and food applications. In view of the increasingly stringent regulatory limits for many pesticides, which are below the LOD of the existing instruments, SDME may provide a cost-effective solution for reducing the LOD of pesticides. The present review focuses on recent development in SDME technique, and its application coupled with various analytical techniques, such as GC-MS, GC and HPLC for pesticide residue analysis in different matrices. The advantages, limitations and outlook on the future of SDME technique for its wider applications are also discussed.     

高效液相色谱柱后衍生法测定谷物中9种氨基甲酸酯类农药及3种代谢物残留量

研究了用ＷａｔｅｒｓＣａｒｂａｍａｔｅ分析系统柱后衍生化荧光检测器测定谷物中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的方法。用ＷａｔｅｒｓＣａｒｂａｍａｔｅＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓＣｏｌｕｍｎ对９种农药和３种代谢产物进行分离,碱液水解,ＯＰＡ柱后衍生,有很好的选择性、重现性和灵敏度,最低检出限为５μｇ／ｋｇ。     

Developments in the Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides

Abstract

In this paper, a review is given of some recent developments in organophosphorus pesticides residue methodology. Enrichment on XAD-resins or C₁₈ bonded phases, clean-up by gel permeation and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with specific detectors can be considered as the major fields of development in the past years.

Despite of the progress made, there is still a further need for procedures which reduce handling time, e.g. by automation, and/or increase specificity of the HPLC determination in matrices of practical interest, such as food, animal and human tissues and environmental samples.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of pesticides in tomatoes using laboratory-made NH2 and C18 solid-phase extraction materials

A method for high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) multiresidue determination of six pesticides in tomatoes was developed and validated. Silica-based C18 (octadecyl) and NH2 (aminopropyl) solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents, made in our laboratory, were used for sample preparation. The SPE materials were obtained by thermal immobilization of appropriate polysiloxanes onto 40 microm silica surfaces and were used in sample preparation for multiresidue analysis of the following pesticides: tebuthiuron and diuron (urea herbicides), simazine, atrazine and ametryn (triazines herbicides) and benomyl (benzimidazol fungicide). The results were compared with similar commercial materials. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using a Purospher RP-18 5 microm column and ACN: 0.01% aqueous NH4OH, pH 8.4 (35:65, v/v) as mobile phase, at 0.7 mlmin(-1), with 235 nm UV detection, was used for separation and quantification of the pesticides. Method validation was performed at three fortification levels (100, 200, 1000 microg l(-1)). Limits of detection and quantification show that the methods developed can be used to detect the pesticides in concentrations below the maximum residue levels (MRL) established by the Codex Alimentarius, USA, European Union and Brazilian legislations. The results showed that aminopropyl materials have a better performance than the octadecyl sorbents. Laboratory-made materials give results similar to commercial sorbents, with recoveries and precisions in agreement with directives for method validation in residue analysis.     

改性多壁碳纳米管固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定农产品中痕量残留的4种有机氯农药

对多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)的表面进行酸氧化处理制备了改性的MWNTs,并建立了以改性MWNTs作为固相萃取(SPE)吸附剂测定农产品中痕量残留的4种有机氯农药(p,p′-DDD、p,p′-DDT、o,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDE)的SPE-高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。考察了氧化处理条件、SPE操作条件和色谱条件等对有机氯农药残留测定的影响,优化了实验条件。在优化实验条件下,4种农药在较宽线性范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9978～0.9995,检出限为0.050 mg/L;在样品中分别添加0.10、2.0、50 mg/L的4种农药,其加标回收率为78%～104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.7%～7.6%。MWNTs作为SPE填料用于陈皮、西洋参、卷心菜和茶叶等样品的净化效果良好,测定结果准确,灵敏度高,符合农产品中痕量农药残留的分析方法要求,为农产品中此类农药的痕量残留分析提供了有益的参考。     

中药材黄芪中有机氮农药残留量的液相色谱检测方法

研究了中药材黄芪中有机氮农药（包括涕灭威、呋喃丹、西维因、甲霜灵）残留量的液相色谱测定方法。采用混合溶剂提取,经Florisil及中性氧化铝柱层析净化后,再经Florisil小柱进一步净化及相转移,进入HyperOSD2C18柱分析,流动相为V（乙腈）∶V（水）=38∶62的混合液。检测波长为220nm,用外标法进行定量,当添加水平为0.07×10     

Comprehensive multiresidue method for the simultaneous determination of 74 pesticides and metabolites in traditional Chinese herbal medicines by accelerated solvent extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

In this paper, a multiresidue method for the simultaneous target analysis of 74 pesticides and metabolites in traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHMs) was developed using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) coupled with HPLC/MS/MS. Pesticide residues were extracted from the different samples using ASE, then purified by gel permeation chromatography and graphitized carbon black/primary, secondary amine SPE. Gradient elution was used in conjunction with positive mode electrospray ionization MS/MS to detect 74 pesticides and metabolites from Cortex Cinnamomi, Flos Carthami, Folium Ginkgo, Herba Pogostemonis, Radix Ginseng, and Semen Ginkgo using a single chromatographic run. The analytical performance was demonstrated by the analysis of extracts spiked at three concentration levels ranging from 0.005 to 0.125 mg/kg for each pesticide and metabolite. In general, recoveries ranging from 70 to 110%, with RSDs better than 15%, were obtained. The recovery and repeatability data were in good accordance with European Union guidelines for pesticide residue analysis. The LOD for most of the targeted pesticides and metabolites tested was below 0.01 mg/kg.     

The application of monolithic columns in pesticides analysis

HPLC and HPLC/MS are the most widely used analytical techniques in the field of pesticides analysis. In recent years, there has been considerable focus on fast separations in HPLC in order to reduce analysis time as well as cost. Monolithic columns, consisting of continuous beds with macropores and mesopores, can meet this requirement and have been widely used in the medical and biological fields. However, it has seldom been used when analyzing pesticides. In this work, the application of monolithic columns in pesticides analysis and their advantages are evaluated and compared with those obtained using conventional packed columns.     

High-throughput GC/MS and HPLC/MS/MS techniques for the multiclass, multiresidue determination of 653 pesticides and chemical pollutants in tea

An efficient and sensitive method has been established for simultaneous determination of 653 pesticides in teas by GC/MS and HPLC/MS/MS. The method involved extraction with acetonitrile followed by cleanup using Cleanert-TPT SPE and subsequent identification and quantitation of 490 pesticides by GC/MS and 448 pesticides by HPLC/MS/ MS. The LODs for pesticides determined by GC/MS were between 1.0 and 500 microg/kg, and those determined by HPLC/MS/MS were between 0.03 and 4820 microg/kg. At the low fortification levels of 0.01-100 microg/kg, the average recoveries of 94% of the pesticides determined by GC/MS were between 60 and 120%, 77% of which had an RSD below 20%. For 91% of pesticides determined by HPLC/MS/MS, the average recoveries were between 60 and 120%, 76% of which had an RSD below 20%. The paper also reports a novel SPE column, Cleanert TPT, which comprised graphitized carbon black (PestiCarb), polyamine silica, and amide polystyrene for purifying the tea samples. The results indicated good repeatiblity and reproducibility.