饮用水中9种痕量亚硝胺类化合物的分析方法研究

建立了9种亚硝胺类化合物(NDMA,NMEA,NDEA,NDPA,NDBA,NPiP,NPyr,NMor,NDphA)的SPE-UPLC-MS检测方法.优化了流动相、离子源、萃取柱、样品保存条件、样品保存时间5个条件,实验结果表明:流动相使用0.1％(V/V)的甲酸水和甲醇,仪器响应最好;活性炭萃取柱萃取除NDPhA的8种物质,使用大气压电离源(APCI)测定;HLB萃取柱萃取NDphA,使用电喷雾电离源(ESI)测定;样品使用硫代硫酸钠进行脱氯保存;样品在7d之内进行测定.对纯水、地表水、出厂水中的9种亚硝胺化合物进行加标测定,回收率范围为72.0％～128.9％,精密度范围为0.7％ ～20％.     

高效阴离子交换色谱法检测酱油中的单糖及双糖

建立了高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测法(HPAEC-PAD)测定酱油中阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、木糖、甘露糖和果糖的方法.采用70％乙醇作为蛋白沉淀剂处理酱油样品,以Dionex CarboPac PA20阴离子交换柱为色谱柱,0.25 mol/L NaOH-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,考察了色谱柱温度和NaOH浓度对各种糖分离的影响,确定最佳柱温为20℃,NaOH浓度为5.0 mmol/L,7种糖可在20 min内实现基线分离.7种糖的检出限(25 μL进样,S/N=3)为2.0～8.0 μg/L,线性范围为0.1～80 mg/L,r2大于0.999.酱油样品测定的相对标准偏差为1.4％～4.0％,加标回收率为92％～104％.该方法简便易行,灵敏度高,重现性好,适用于酱油样品中糖组分的分析.     

高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器法测定胶囊壳中20种禁用工业染料

建立了测定胶囊壳中20种禁用工业染料的高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器法.样品经乙腈-甲醇溶液(1∶2,v/v)超声提取3次,以Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18柱为分析柱,用乙腈和含0.3％三乙胺,0.2％H3PO4溶液(pH 2.7)进行梯度洗脱,同时在360、420、460、570和630 nm的检测波长下监测.结果表明,20种禁用工业染料在0.5～20 μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9991～1.0000,检出限为0.05～ 0.27 μg/mL.在1,3和10μg/g加标水平下,20种禁用工业染料的回收率为64.1％～114.9％,日内及日间的相对标准偏差分别为0.4％ ～9.9％和0.9％～9.9％,定量限为0.16～2.33 μg/g.本方法操作简单,分析快速,灵敏度好,适用于胶囊壳中禁用工业染料的日常检测.     

高效阴离子交换色谱法检测大豆粕和大豆低聚糖浆中糖组分含量

建立了高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测法(HPAEC-PAD)测定大豆粕、大豆低聚糖浆样品中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、蜜二糖、半乳糖、棉籽糖和水苏糖7种糖的方法.选用Dionex CarboPac PA20阴离子交换柱,以0.25 mol/L NaOH和水为淋洗液进行梯度洗脱,考察了色谱柱温度和NaOH浓度对各种糖分离的影响,确定最佳柱温为20℃,7种糖可以在30 min内实现基线分离.7种糖的检出限(S/N=3)为2～9 μg/L,具有较宽的线性范围(0.1～80.0 mg/L).大豆粕样品测定的相对标准偏差在2.67％～4.25％之间,7种糖的加标回收率在91％～108％之间.该方法简便易行,灵敏度高,重现性良好,适用于大豆粕和大豆低聚糖浆样品中的糖组分的分析.     

液体饮品中20种分散性染料的液相色谱测定研究

建立了饮料、酒类中20种分散性染料的液相色谱测定方法.对色谱柱的种类、流动相组成、检测波长等条件进行了研究,优化了HPLC分离测定条件.样品经二氯甲烷和乙醚混合溶液提取后,采用C18柱进行分离,10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相;20种分散性染料在75 min内达到分离.在优化条件下,20种染料在0.5～5.0 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(r＞0.999).在空白饮料、葡萄酒中分别按0.1、0.2、0.4mg/kg水平进行加标回收实验,其平均回收率为80％～99％,相对标准偏差为0.1％～9.1％.结果表明该方法操作简便,分析周期短,准确度较高,色谱分离效果好,适用于饮料、酒类中分散性染料的检测.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-质谱法测定污水中糖皮质激素

建立了同时测定污水中7种糖皮质激素的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱的分析方法.利用单因素实验优化固相萃取影响因素:洗脱液、洗脱体积、水样pH值及淋洗液.在此基础上,进行L9(34)正交实验.通过直观分析和方差分析区分主次因素,确定了最佳固相萃取条件:洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯,洗脱剂用量为10 mL,pH=5.0,清洗剂为20％甲醇.7种糖皮质激素的检出限为1.56～10.59 ng/L;在20～100 ng/L的3个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为72.5％～101.4％,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10.9％.     

猪肉中二甲胺四环素的反相-高效液相色谱测定

建立了一种测定猪肉中二甲胺四环素的反相-高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)分析方法.目标物经EDTA-Mcllvaine提取,用Oasis HLB固相萃取小柱净化,流动相为甲醇-咪唑缓冲溶液,体积比20:80,荧光检测器检测,外标法定量.平均添加回收率在89.6％～94.0％之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在3.1％～6.5％...     

毛细管型离子色谱-脉冲安培法检测枸杞多糖的单糖组成

采用ICS-5000毛细管离子色谱仪对枸杞多糖中的10种单糖进行了分离测定.优化了前处理过程中影响多糖水解的酸种类、酸浓度、水解温度和时间等参数,优化条件为使用2 mol/L三氟乙酸溶液在100℃下水解120min,在该条件下,果糖回收率约为50％,其余单糖回收率在84％～104％之间.采用新型淋洗液自动发生装置电解产生淋洗液,Capillary CarborPac PA20色谱柱分离,毛细管安培池检测,10种单糖成分标准曲线线性关系良好,相关系数均大于99.9％;检出限在2.5～75 μg/L之间,为枸杞多糖中单糖组分测定提供了新的可行方法.     

HPLC-DAD法同时测定纺织品中3种天然抗菌整理剂的含量

采用二极管阵列检测器-超高效液相色谱法同时测定纺织品中芦荟苷、芦荟大黄素和大黄酚3种天然抗菌整理剂的含量.样品采用甲醇超声波浴于60℃提取30 min.色谱柱为Agilent C18柱;流动相为甲醇-0.1％磷酸水溶液(体积比为80:20),流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长为358 nm和256 nm.在检测范围内标准曲线线性良好(r2≥0.999),3个加标水平的平均回收率为94.2％～98.5％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.77％～2.63％(n=6).该方法准确、可靠,可作为纺织品质量控制的参考方法.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食品中18种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了凝胶色谱(GPC)净化、气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)多反应监测模式同时测定油脂食品中18种邻苯二甲酸酯的方法.优化了前处理和分析条件,样品加标浓度在2 mg/kg时的回收率在80％～120％之间,相对标准偏差均小于10％,检出限为5 μg/kg,定量限为20 μg/kg,在20～1 000 μg/mL范围内,具有良好的线性关系,能够满足大量样品快速准确分析的需要.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。