不同Ca/P摩尔比碳羟基磷灰石对Cu2+的吸附特性

利用废弃蛋壳为原料、尿素为添加剂,合成不同Ca/P摩尔比的碳羟基磷灰石(CHAP)用于吸附水中Cu2+,利用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱测试技术对CHAP样品表面化学进行了表征,考察了环境因子pH值、温度对CHAP吸附Cu2+的影响. 结果表明,通过改变尿素用量可以增加CHAP的Ca/P,提高其比表面积,Ca/P越高的CHAP,吸附能力越强. Ca/P为1.80的CHAP,在pH=7、温度40 ℃、反应时间为60 min时,其对Cu2+吸附量高达37.66 mg/g. 随着CHAP的Ca/P比增大,CHAP对Cu2+吸附的固相-水相分配系数也增大,对吸附量增大很有利.     

碳羟基磷灰石除废水中铬(Ⅵ)吸附动力学和热力学研究

利用废弃蛋壳合成碳羟基磷灰石(CHAP)对含铬(Ⅵ)离子废水进行吸附实验研究,考查了溶液的pH值、吸附时间和温度对吸附平衡的影响,并探讨了吸附动力学和热力学行为.结果表明:常温下,吸附时间为30min、pH=3.0、5g/L CHAP对50mg/L的铬(Ⅵ)离子的吸附率达到98.3%以上,CHAP对铬(Ⅵ)离子的吸附机理符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程;准二级动力学模型比准一级动力学模型能更好地描述CHAP对含铬(Ⅵ)离子吸附动力学行为;不同温度下的吸附热力学的吉布斯自由能以及熵变和焓变显示该吸附过程为自发吸热反应.     

H3PO4改性PS-EDTA树脂对水相中Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的吸附性能研究

大孔氯甲基化聚苯乙烯小球先后与乙二胺、2-氯乙酸反应得EDTA型螯合树脂(PS-EDTA),再用磷酸在室温处理得PS-EDTA/P树脂。PS-EDTA/P树脂被用于水相中Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的吸附净化处理,探讨了溶液的pH值、初始金属离子浓度、时间、温度等因素对吸附性能的影响,并研究了其对重金属离子的吸附动力学和热力学。结果表明,PS-EDTA/P树脂对Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附符合Langmuir等温式、对Cd2+的吸附符合Freundlich等温式,准二级吸附动力学方程能够很好地描述3种金属离子在树脂上的吸附动力学行为。同时,PS-EDTA/P树脂对重金属吸附的热力学参数表明,PS-EDTA/P树脂对Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的吸附是一个自发的、吸热的过程。已吸附Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的树脂可以用0.1mol/L HCl解吸,解吸后的树脂对Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+仍具有较高的吸附量。     

板栗壳活性炭对重金属离子吸附性能研究

研究了不同制备条件下,板栗壳活性炭对重金属离子Cu2+和Cd2+的静态吸附性能。以板栗壳为原料,采用ZnCl2活化法制备活性炭,使用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、氮气吸附等方法对活性炭进行表征;比较了活性炭内部结构对Cu2+和Cd2+的吸附性能影响;同时考察了吸附温度、溶液pH值等对Cd2+和Cu2+的吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明:板栗壳制备活性炭最佳条件为ZnCl2活化浓度30wt%,料液比1:6,炭化温度600℃,炭化时间3h;同时发现板栗壳活性炭是一种具有较多孔隙的无定型炭材料,所制备的活性炭平均孔径为2~6nm,孔容为0.04~0.14cm3/g,比表面积可以达到1500m2/g以上;板栗壳活性炭对重金属离子的吸附性能主要由本身的比表面积和孔容大小决定,且同时受吸附温度和溶液pH值的影响,上述条件制备的活性炭吸附Cu2+的最佳条件为温度25℃,溶液pH值为6.5;吸附Cd2+的最佳条件为温度25℃,溶液pH值为7.5。     

新型交联羧甲基葡甘聚糖凝胶球对尿素的吸附性能

本文用CuSO4溶液处理羧甲基葡甘聚糖制得了一种新型吸附材料—羧甲基葡甘聚糖铜凝胶球,研究了该凝胶球对尿素的吸附性能。分别考察了吸附时间、羧甲基葡甘聚糖浓度、CuSO4浓度、pH值、温度和尿素浓度对吸附的影响,同时用红外光谱初步表征了Cu2+交联羧甲基葡甘聚糖凝胶球-尿素复合物的结构。结果表明:310K时,凝胶球对尿素的吸附反应在9h时达平衡。当羧甲基葡甘聚糖浓度为2%,Cu2+质量分数为2%,尿素浓度为800mg.L-1时,pH值为6.5,吸附量为101.85mg.g-1。根据不同温度下凝胶球吸附尿素的等温线,计算了吸附过程的热力学参数,同时用Freundlich方程对实验数据进行了拟合,发现该方程适用于所研究的吸附体系。该体系为自发放热过程,体系熵减少,降温有利于吸附。     

交联羧甲基红薯淀粉降低水中Ca~(2+)含量的研究

以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,氯乙酸为羧甲基化试剂,合成交联羧甲基红薯淀粉并且研究其降低水中的Ca2+含量的效果.结果显示,交联羧甲基红薯淀粉吸附ca2+的适宜条件为,淀粉取代度0.721、2%淀粉用量、pH 8,吸附时间30min、吸附温度70℃下,交联羧甲基红薯淀粉对水中Ca2+的吸附量可达4.53mmol/L,Ca2+清除率为75.33%.交联羧甲基红薯淀粉吸附Ca2+的行为遵从Langmuir等温吸附方程.     

不同层次、粒径紫色土的表征及其对Cu~(2+)的吸附研究

为了探究和比较不同层次和粒径的紫色土对Cu2+的吸附效果及影响机制,以0.15～0.2mm、0.1～0.15mm及0.1mm的3种粒径表层、粘化层紫色工作为研究对象,采用批处理法研究各供试土样对Cu2+的等温吸附特征,并对比不同温度、pH值及离子强度等因素对吸附的影响差异。结果表明,相同粒径条件下,表层土的pH值和TOC含量均高于粘化层土,但CEC和比表面积均低于粘化层土;两个层次土样的pH值和TOC含量均随粒径减小而降低,而CEC和比表面积均随粒径的减小而增加。土样对Cu2+的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,两个层次土样对Cu2+的平衡吸附能力均随粒径的减小而增大;S0.1(表层土0.1mm粒径,下同)和S0.1～0.15土样的qm(最大吸附量)分别为S0.15～0.2土样qm的3.35和2.45倍,而A0.1(粘化层土0.1mm粒径,下同)和A0.1～0.15土样的qm分别为A0.15～0.2土样qm的2.07和1.43倍;各土样对Cu2+的吸附均表现为增温正效应,且热力学参数表明,吸附是一个自发、吸热和熵增的过程;pH值变化对小粒径土样吸附Cu2+的影响显著,Cu2+的吸附量随pH值的升高逐渐增大。离子强度对不同层次、粒径的土样吸附Cu2+均有显著影响,离子强度增加,对Cu2+的吸附量降低。     

松香基功能高分子对Cu(Ⅱ)吸附性能的研究

以马来松香丙烯酸乙二醇酯和丙烯酸为功能单体,采用悬浮聚合法合成了松香基功能高分子,重点研究了其对水中Cu2+的静态吸附性能。结果表明,在溶液pH=5.0,Cu2+为3.0mg/mL,温度为308K的条件下,其对Cu2+的最大静态饱和吸附量为67.06mg/g;松香基功能高分子对Cu2+吸附速率符合一级动力学方程及颗粒内扩散方程,过程受液膜扩散阻力及颗粒内扩散阻力共同影响;松香基功能高分子对Cu2+吸附过程符合Freundlich和Langmuir方程;对吸附热力学的研究结果表明,该树脂对Cu2+的吸附为放热过程,而且是自发进行的。     

场址地下水特征因子对铀锶吸附的影响研究

为了考察某放射性废物填埋场土壤对待填埋的核素铀锶的阻滞性能,对该填埋场土壤及地下水进行取样分析,根据测量的地下水特性参数,在静态条件下,考察了填埋场地下水主要的阴离子SO42-、CO32和阳离子Ca2、Mg2+、Na+、K+对核素铀锶吸附影响,同时结合填埋场地下水的pH和Eh,考察了溶液pH值对核素的吸附影响；结果表明:当pH在2～3之间时,铀的吸附量突然增大,pH在在4～8之间,铀的吸附量明显变化,在pH＞10,吸附量又出现明显减小；当pH＜6和pH＞8后,锶的迁移分配系数(Kd值)明显的增大,而pH在6～8时,Kd值没有明显的变化；阴离子C032-能明显的增加锶在土壤中的吸附,直接表现为Kd值的明显增大,Kd值增加103数量级；阴离子SO42-、CO32-、C2O42-对铀的吸附的影响表现非常明显,随着离子浓度的增加,几种阴离子明显降低了铀在土壤中的吸附,表现为Kd值大大降低,降低的系数在103数量级；阳离子对锶吸附的影响,Ca2+和Mg2+的影响比Na+要强,Ca2+和Mg2+离子浓度在很小的时候就能明显的降低锶的吸附；阳离子对铀吸附的影响,当Ca2+和Mg2+的浓度较低时对铀的吸附影响不大,当Ca2+达浓度大于1280.0μg·L-1,Kd值出现了较为明显的减小.     

复合型螯合吸附材料PEI/SiO2对铜离子吸附性能的研究

通过γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷的媒介, 将聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)偶联接枝到硅胶微粒表面, 制备了复合型螯合吸附材料PEI/SiO2;研究了PEI/SiO2对Cu2 的吸附性能. 复合型螯合吸附材料PEI/SiO2对Cu2 具有强的螯合吸附能力;等温吸附数据符合Langmuir方程, 且吸附量随温度升高而增大;pH对吸附量有很大的影响, pH 7时, 吸附量最高.     

Synthesis of Calcium Silicate Hydrate from Coal Gangue for Cr(VI) and Cu(II) Removal from Aqueous Solution

Both the accumulation of coal gangue and potentially toxic elements in aqueous solution have caused biological damage to the surrounding ecosystem of the Huainan coal mining field. In this study, coal gangue was used to synthesize calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) to remove Cr(VI) and Cu(II)from aqueous solutions and aqueous solution. The optimum parameters for C-S-H synthesis were 700 °C for 1 h and a Ca/Si molar ratio of 1.0. Quantitative sorption analysis was done at variable temperature, C-S-H dosages, solution pH, initial concentrations of metals, and reaction time. The solution pH was precisely controlled by a pH meter. The adsorption temperature was controlled by a thermostatic gas bath oscillator. The error of solution temperature was controlled at ± 0.3, compared with the adsorption temperature. For Cr(VI) and Cu(II), the optimum initial concentration, temperature, and reaction time were 200 mg/L, 40 °C and 90 min, pH 2 and 0.1 g C-S-H for Cr(VI), pH 6 and 0.07 g C-S-H for Cu(II), respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) were 68.03 and 70.42 mg·g⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) in aqueous solution could meet the surface water quality standards in China. The adsorption mechanism of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) onto C-S-H were reduction, electrostatic interaction, chelation interaction, and surface complexation. It was found that C-S-H is an environmentally friendly adsorbent for effective removal of metals from aqueous solution through different mechanisms.     

Copper (II) adsorption from aqueous solution by herbaceous peat

In this research, the herbaceous peat collected from Gavurgolu peatlands, one of the biggest Turkish peatlands, was utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of copper (II) ions from aqueous solution. Adsorption experiments were conducted under various conditions, i.e., initial concentration, temperature, and pH. While the amount of Cu (II) adsorbed on the peat increased with increasing concentration of Cu (II) ions, it was not markedly affected by temperature and pH. Percentage removal was higher at lower concentration. For example, the maximum percentage removal of Cu (II) ions for initial concentration of 3 x 10(-4) M was 97.04% at 21 degrees C and pH 5.5. The adsorption capacity (Q(0)) of the peat was 4.84 mgg(-1) from Langmuir adsorption isotherm for the concentration range of 3 x 10(-4)-6 x 10(-4) M at 21 degrees C and pH 5.5. The equilibrium time of adsorption of Cu (II) ions was 150 min and independent of concentration and temperature. The amount of Cu (II) adsorbed at equilibrium time did not considerably change with temperature and pH. It was also determined that adsorption isotherm followed both Freundlich and Langmuir. Uptake mechanism of Cu (II) ions by the peat occurs via cation exchange (especially by means of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)) as well as copper/peat complexation. Adsorption kinetic was consistent with the pseudo-second-order model.     

羧基化核壳磁性纳米Fe3O4吸附剂的制备及对Cu2+吸附性能

在以共沉淀法制备的磁性纳米Fe3O4粒子(Magnetic nanoparticles, MNP)表面进行了化学修饰, 制备了一种新型富含羧基功能团的核壳磁性纳米吸附剂(Carboxylic functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, CMNP). 利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 X射线衍射仪(XRD)、 X射线能量色散谱(EDS)、 振动样品磁强计(VSM)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FIIR)和热重分析仪(TGA)对CMNP的形貌、 结构、 化学组成和磁性能进行了表征, 并考察了吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附性能, 研究了溶液pH值、 吸附时间和Cu2+初始浓度对吸附性能的影响. 结果表明, 羧基化核壳磁性纳米Fe3O4颗粒的平均粒径为15 nm, 具有良好的超顺磁性, 饱和磁化强度为41.84 A·m2/kg, 在10 min中内可达到吸附平衡, 在pH=7.0时吸附量最高, 吸附等温数据符合Langmuir模型, 饱和吸附量qm= 43.48 mg/g.     

原子吸收光谱法测定改性梨渣吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的研究

通过原子吸收光谱法研究了在不同pH、吸附剂量、Pb2+浓度和吸附时间条件下磷酸酯化改性梨渣吸附Pb2+的行为。结果表明:溶液初始pH 4.2时,Pb2+的吸附达到最大值;酯化梨渣≥10 g/L能除去Pb2+为30 mg/L溶液中的91%的Pb2+。酯化梨渣对Pb2+的吸附符合Langmuir等温模型,其最大吸附能力为43.99 mg/g。Pb2+达到吸附平衡的时间为40 min,准一级反应动力学方程可描述酯化梨渣对Pb2+的吸附过程。     

Enhanced Removal of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution by Poorly Crystalline Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

Poorly crystalline and well-dispersed hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles were synthesized and used as novel adsorbents for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. Various factors affecting the adsorption such as adsorbent crystallinity, pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature, competing cations, and the presence of humic acid were investigated in detail. Results showed that the HAP calcined at lower temperature was poorly crystalline and had better adsorption capacity for Cu(II) than those calcined at higher temperature. Cu(II) removal was increased with increases of pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and the presence of humic acid, but decreased as the existence of competing divalent cations. Kinetic studies showed that pseudo-second-order kinetic model better described the adsorption process. Equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir model, and the estimated maximum adsorption capacity of poorly crystalline HAP was 41.80 mg/g at 313 K, displaying higher efficiency for Cu(II) removal than many previously reported adsorbents. Thermodynamics studied revealed that the adsorption of Cu(II) by poorly crystalline HAP was spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy-increasing in nature. This study showed that poorly crystalline HAP could be used as an efficient adsorbent material for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution.     

离子印迹法制备对铜离子(Ⅱ)选择性吸附的碳基材料

通过钨离子印记方法,合成了对铜离子有高选择性吸附性能的碳基材料。 在四乙烯五胺(TEPA)、钨酸铵和葡萄糖摩尔比为1:1:5条件下,经水热法合成的碳基吸附材料能有效地吸附铜离子,对铜离子吸附的最佳pH=5。 在Cd²⁺、Co²⁺、Cu²⁺、Ni²⁺和Zn²⁺摩尔浓度相近体系中,离子印记碳基吸附材料对铜离子的吸附率高达97.2%,而对Cd²⁺、Co²⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺吸附率分别为20.1%、9.63%、20.3%、13.3%,表明这种离子印记碳基吸附材料对Cu²⁺具有非常优异的选择吸附能力。     

β-环糊精接枝壳聚糖的合成及其吸附性能

采用乙二醛作为交联物合成了一种β-环糊精接枝壳聚糖,研究了其对水溶液中对硝基苯酚的吸附性能;考察了温度、pH值、吸附时间、酚溶液初始浓度等因素对其吸附性能的影响.结果表明,当吸附时间为20min,pH值为5~6,温度为25℃~35℃,酚溶液初始浓度为80 mg/L时,β-环糊精接枝壳聚糖对对硝基苯酚的吸附性能最佳.     

Influence of solution conditions on formation of amphiphilic hyperbranched polyanion/linear polycation multilayer films

Amphiphilic hyperbranched polyester (P2) consisting of a hydrophobic core, surrounded by aromatic carboxylic acids, is self-assembled into aggregates in aqueous solution at pH region of 3.8–4.7 and in THF–water mixed solution at THF/water volume ratio of 1/100–1/10. With P2 in both aqueous and THF–water mixed solution as polyanion and linear poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) (PDAC) as polycation, self-assembled films were successfully formed by layer-by-layer dipping. The solution condition of P2, including the pH of aqueous solution and the THF/water volume ratio, affected not only the absorption behavior of P2 but also the surface morphology and hydrophilicity of the films with P2 as the outmost layer. At lower pH or higher THF/water volume ratio the aggregation of P2 in solution was enhanced, thus resulting in higher adsorption rate for P2, more rough and less hydrophilic surface for the films.     

啤酒酵母废菌体吸附Pd2+的物理化学特性

以啤酒酿造厂的啤酒酵母废菌体为生物吸附剂,研究死的啤酒酵母菌体从PdCl₂溶液中吸附Pd²⁺的物理化学特性.结果表明,该菌体吸附Pd²⁺受吸附时间、溶液pH值、菌体浓度和Pd²⁺起始浓度等因素的影响.菌体吸附Pd²⁺是个快速的过程,吸附45min时吸附量达最大,但在最初的3min内,吸附量可达到最大吸附量的92%.在5～60℃范围内,吸附作用不受温度影响.吸附作用的最适pH值为3.5.在Pd²⁺起始质量浓度为30～300mg/L范围内和菌体质量浓度为2g/L的条件下,菌体对Pd²⁺的吸附作用符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型.在pH=3.5,Pd²⁺与菌体质量比为0.2和30℃条件下吸附60min,吸附量达94.5mg/g.从废钯催化剂处理液回收钯,吸附量为32.2mg/g.XPS分析表明,该菌体能吸附水溶液中的Pd²⁺.TEM结果表明,在无外加电子供体时,死的啤酒酵母废菌体能够吸附和还原溶液中的Pd²⁺成Pd⁰微粒,Pd⁰微粒可进一步形成有一定形状的钯晶粒;该菌体还能使吸附在γ-Al₂O₃上的Pd²⁺还原成Pd⁰.