利用瞬态吸收光谱技术研究水体中苯与亚硝酸的交叉反应机理

利用瞬态吸收光谱技术进行了有氧、无氧条件下苯与亚硝酸水溶液复相体系的交叉反应机理研究 ,初步考察了这些瞬态物种的生长与衰减等行为 ;并对其光解产物进行了GC/MS分析 .研究表明 ,HNO2 在 3 5 5nm紫外光的照射下可产生·OH和NO+ ,·OH自由基和苯反应生成C6H6 OHadduct ,反应速率常数为 8 9× 10 9L·mol-1·s-1,在有氧条件下C6H6 OHadduct进一步氧化为C6H6 OHO2 ,反应速率常数 3 3× 10 8L·mol-1·s-1;NO+ 自由基和苯作用形成C6H6 NO+ πcomplex ,然后进一步分解     

水相中·OH, ·H和e-aq与2-氯酚反应机理研究

利用脉冲电子束辐解水产生*OH自由基、 *H及水合电子(e-aq), 研究了这些活性粒子在多种条件下与水相中2-氯酚的微观反应机理, 对其瞬态光谱中的主要吸收峰做了归属, 并初步考察了这些瞬态物种的生长、衰减等行为. 研究表明, *OH自由基与2-氯酚在碱性条件下可直接反应生成邻氯代酚氧自由基, 速率常数为1.0×109 L*mol-1*s-1, 也有部分*OH自由基与2-氯酚反应先生成OH-加合物, 再进一步消除水分子生成邻氯代酚氧基; 在酸性条件下要经过OH-加合物. *H则与2-氯酚反应生成H-加合物; e-aq可直接从2-氯酚分子夺氯, 在近中性和碱性环境中, 该反应的速率常数分别为1.25×109 L*mol-1*s-1和6.3×108 L*mol-1*s-1.     

甲砜霉素与氟苯尼考的辐照降解机理研究

对甲砜霉素（THA）和氟苯尼考（FLO）的辐照降解进行了瞬态产物和稳态产物的分析.利用脉冲辐解技术研究了THA/FLO水溶液在各种条件下与·OH,e-aq和·H的反应机理,研究表明：THA/FLO与·OH反应途径与pH有关：中性条件下主要发生苯环上的加成反应,其速率常数分别为为1.09×108 L·mol-1·s-1（...     

355 nm光诱发的水体中HNO2与C6H5Br交叉反应机理

利用激光闪光光解技术研究了有氧、无氧条件下HNO2-C6H5Br-H2O体系的光化学反应. 研究结果表明, HNO2与C6H5Br的光化学反应由HNO2光解产生·OH自由基引发, ·OH与C6H5Br反应生成C6H5Br…OH, 反应速率常数为(8.1±0.7)×109 L·mol-1·s-1. C6H5Br…OH可被HNO2或O2氧化. C6H5Br…OH 与HNO2的二级反应速率常数为(3.0±0.5)×107 L·mol-1·s-1, 比C6H5Br…OH与O2的反应速率常数(4.0±0.6)×108 L·mol-1·s-1小, C6H5Br…OH与O2生成的C6H5Br…OHO2以(2.4±0.1)×104 s-1 的速率单分子衰减. 气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析表明, C6H5Br…OH 与HNO2或O2作用可形成多种含硝基的化合物或醌类物质.     

C2H3＋NO2反应速率常数的研究

利用激光光解C2H3Br产生C2H3自由基,在气相298 K, 总压2.66×103 Pa的条件下,研究C2H3与NO2的反应,用激光光解-激光诱导荧光（LP-LIF）检测中间产物OH自由基的相对浓度随着反应时间的变化关系,报导了双分子反应C2H3＋NO2的速率常数k(C2H3＋NO2)=(1.8±0.05)×10－11cm3•molec.－1•s－1,同时也得到OH＋NO2反应的速率常数k(OH＋NO2)=(2.1±0.15)×10－12 cm3•molec.－1•s－1.     

4-氯酚稀水溶液的脉冲辐解研究

利用脉冲电子束进行了多种条件下4－氯酚稀水溶液的脉冲辐解研究,对其瞬态光谱中的主要吸收峰作了归属,并初步考察了这些瞬态物种的生长、衰减等行为,研究表明,·OH基与4－氯酚在碱性条件下反应生成氯代酚氧基,速率常数为4.14×10^9L/(mol·s),在酸性条件下要经过OH-adducts;H原子与4-氯酚反应生成H-adducts的速率常为2.0×10^9L/(mol·s),产物可通过双分子二级反应逐步脱氯;eaq^-可直接从4-氯酚分子夺氯,反应速率常数为1.82×10^9/L(mol·s)。     

4-氯酚稀水溶液的脉冲辐解研究

利用脉冲电子束进行了多种条件下4－氯酚稀水溶液的脉冲辐解研究,对其瞬态光谱中的主要吸收峰作了归属,并初步考察了这些瞬态物种的生长、衰减等行为,研究表明,·OH基与4－氯酚在碱性条件下反应生成氯代酚氧基,速率常数为4.14×10^9L/(mol·s),在酸性条件下要经过OH-adducts;H原子与4-氯酚反应生成H-adducts的速率常为2.0×10^9L/(mol·s),产物可通过双分子二级反应逐步脱氯;eaq^-可直接从4-氯酚分子夺氯,反应速率常数为1.82×10^9/L(mol·s)。     

乙腈溶液中NO3自由基与联苯的反应机理

以硝酸铈铵乙腈溶液激光闪光光解产生的NO3自由基在无氧条件下与联苯作用,采用瞬态光谱技术和GC-MS技术分别对反应过程中产生的中间瞬态产物以及反应的最终产物进行了分析,对反应历程作了明确推断.研究表明,NO3自由基首先从联苯的苯环上夺取电子形成电荷转移复合物,二级反应速率常数为8.24×109L·mol-1·s-1;进而通过消除反应在苯环上定位形成邻-硝基联苯和对-硝基联苯,电荷转移复合物衰减表观的一级反应速率常数为2.30×105s-1.     

355 nm光作用下C6F6-HNO2水溶液的反应机理

利用激光闪光光解-瞬态吸收光谱技术研究了355 nm 光作用下六氟苯(C6F6)-HNO2水溶液的反应机理, 探讨了中间产物及其动力学行为, 并对终产物进行了分析. 实验表明, C6F6可与HNO2光解产生的OH自由基反应生成加合物C6F6…OH, 二级反应速率常数为1.8×109 L·mol -1·s-1, 加合物吸收峰位置在250、270和400 nm处; C6F6…OH 加合物通过消除反应生成C6F5O·, 其表观生成常数为6.1×105 s-1. C6F6…OH与O2复合转化为C6F6OHO2, 二级反应速率常数为2.8×106 L·mol-1·s-1, C6F6OHO2峰位置与C6F6…OH 加合物相似. 终产物分析表明, OH自由基与六氟苯发生消除HF的反应而生成C6F5OH, 有O2时, 还产生四氟醌C6F4O2, 但无论有氧还是无氧体系, 均不发生硝基化反应.     

瞬态吸收光谱研究苯与H2O2水溶液的反应机理

利用瞬态吸收光谱技术研究了不同条件下苯与H2O2水溶液复相体系的激光闪光光解情况,考察了其瞬态物种的生长和衰减等行为.研究表明, •OH自由基和苯反应生成C6H6-OH加合物,其反应速率常数在近中性和酸性条件下分别为(8.0～8.1)×109 L•mol－1•s－1和7.7×109 L•mol－1•s－1, 而在碱性时则为(6.7～6.9)×109 L•mol－1•s－1,在有氧条件下C6H6-OH加合物被氧化为C6H6-OHO2后,进一步分解成对苯醌;C6H6-OH加合物和激发态的苯也可直接与H2O2反应生成对苯醌,三种反应途径同时存在.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

关于"对‘燃料电池物理及化学性能的有限时间热力学分析方法'的讨论”答复

把有限时间热力学理论用于化学过程的研究,将会得到一系列新的结论,开展这方面的研究是很有意义的.文献[1]以燃料电池为例,在同时考虑化学反应及传热不可逆性的情况下,研究了燃料电池的性能界限,文献[2]指出了文献[1]计算化学反应及传热不可逆性而引起系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的错误以及由此而导致的结论所存在的问题,并进行了富有启发性的分析与讨论.但文献[2]对于系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算也是不正确的,由此得到的其它结论自然不能成立.本文将就此情况下系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算再次进行讨论,并给出电池功率和效率的有限时间热力学性能界限.