荧光和圆二色谱法用于低密度脂蛋白氧化的研究

氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（oxidized low density lipoprotein,oxLDL）被认为是动脉硬化的关键致病因素。oxLDL的性能与其唯一的组成蛋白-载脂蛋白B-100（apoB-100）的二级结构即构象密切相关。荧光光谱和圆二色（circular dichroism,CD）光谱是研究蛋白质构象的有力手段,因此在oxLDL结构的研究中也有广泛的应用。本文综述了近年来荧光光谱和圆二色光谱在LDL氧化研究方面的应用, 并对今后的研究方向做了展望。     

光谱法研究萘酰亚胺类衍生物与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

采用荧光光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、红外光谱和圆二色光谱研究了3-氨基-4-二甲氨基-N-丁基-1.8-萘酰亚胺(ADBN)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)结合反应的特征。荧光光谱与紫外-可见吸收光谱表明,ADBN使BSA荧光猝灭的机理为静态猝灭。根据热力学参数判断ADBN与BSA主要是通过氢键和范德华力结合,结合距离为4.08 nm。同步荧光光谱、圆二色光谱以及红外光谱表明,结合过程中BSA的构象发生了变化。     

荧光和圆二色光谱法用于低密度脂蛋白氧化的研究

氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（oxidized low density lipoprotein,oxLDL）被认为是动脉硬化的关键致病因素。oxLDL的性能与其唯一的组成蛋白——载脂蛋白B-100（apoB-100）的二级结构即构象密切相关。荧光光谱和圆二色（CD）光谱是研究蛋白质构象的有力手段,因此在oxLDL结构的研究中也有广泛的应用。本文综述了近年来荧光光谱和圆二色光谱在LDL氧化研究方面的应用,并对今后的研究方向做了展望。     

2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

利用荧光光谱法、紫外-可见分光光度法和圆二色光谱法研究2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用。结果表明:2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸能淬灭牛血清白蛋白的荧光强度,其猝灭机理为静态猝灭。采用位点结合模型公式和热力学公式计算了结合常数、结合位点数及结合力类型。用圆二色光谱技术探讨了2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸对牛血清白蛋白构象的影响。     

氨基黑10B与牛血清白蛋白作用的光谱法研究

用紫外、荧光、圆二色光谱法研究了氨基黑10B与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)结合反应的光谱特性.结果表明氨基黑10B对牛血清白蛋白的荧光有猝灭作用,其猝灭类型属于静态猝灭;得到了不同温度下的结合常数和结合位点数;利用Gibbs-Helmholtz方程计算得到该猝灭反应的热力学参数,表明氨基黑10B主要以氢键和范德华力与BSA相互作用;圆二色和同步荧光光谱显示氨基黑10B对BSA构象产生了影响.     

3-溴丙酮酸与人血清白蛋白相互作用的光谱学研究

运用荧光光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱和圆二色光谱法研究了抗肿瘤药物3-溴丙酮酸(3-Bromopyruvic acid,3-BrPA)与人血清白蛋白(Human serum albumin,HSA)的相互作用.3-BrPA对HSA的猝灭机制属于静态猝灭,并发生分子间非辐射能量转移.热力学数据显示,二者之间的作用力主要为静电作用;同步荧光光谱表明,3-BrPA与蛋白质中接近色氨酸残基的区域发生了相互作用;荧光光谱研究发现,Zn2+存在时3-BrPA对HSA的猝灭程度进一步增强;圆二色光谱法研究蛋白二级结构结果显示,3-BrPA对HSA的结构影响非常小.     

聚乙二醇200基硝苯柳胺与钥孔戚血蓝蛋白的相互作用

采用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱和圆二色谱(CD)研究了聚乙二醇200基硝苯柳胺与钥孔戚血蓝蛋白(KLH)的相互作用。结果表明,聚乙二醇200基硝苯柳胺对KLH的荧光猝灭机制属于静态猝灭;由Lineweaver-Burk方程计算出不同温度下结合常数K,由Van’t Hoff方程计算出△H和△S平均值,结合力主要为静电作用力;根据F rster非辐射能量转移机制求得给体与受体间的结合距离r=5.76 nm;同步荧光光谱表明,聚乙二醇200基硝苯柳胺能够被KLH存储和转运,但结合时对蛋白的构象有一定的影响;圆二色光谱的数据表明相互作用后KLH的二级结构发生了改变:KLH的α-螺旋的含量从43.1%下降到37.8%。     

光谱法研究核壳量子点CdTe/CdS与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

应用荧光光谱、圆二色光谱和紫外吸收光谱等技术研究核壳量子点CdTe/CdS与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)相互作用的结果表明,CdTe/CdS对BSA的荧光猝灭机理为静态猝灭。根据不同温度下量子点对BSA的荧光猝灭作用计算了结合常数、热力学参数,证明了量子点与BSA相互作用力主要是范德华力或氢键作用力。探讨了量子点对BSA构象的影响。     

磺酸咔咯及其镓(Ⅲ)配合物与DNA的相互作用和光核酸酶活性

本文用紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱、圆二色光谱和粘度法研究了2,17-二(磺酸钠基)-5,10,15-三(五氟苯基)咔咯(1)及其镓配合物(1-Ga)与小牛胸腺DNA(ct-DNA)的相互作用。结果表明1和1-Ga通过外部结合的方式与ct-DNA相互作用,且结合能力1-Ga比1大。琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验显示1和1-Ga均具较好的光核酸酶活性,1-Ga光断裂DNA效果比1好,其光断裂机理与羟基自由基的产生有关。     

磺酸咔咯及其镓(Ⅲ)配合物与DNA的相互作用和光核酸酶活性

本文用紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱、圆二色光谱和粘度法研究了2,17-二(磺酸钠基)-5,10,15-三(五氟苯基)咔咯(1)及其镓配合物(1-Ga)与小牛胸腺DNA(ct-DNA)的相互作用。结果表明1和1-Ga通过外部结合的方式与ct-DNA相互作用, 且结合能力1-Ga比1大。琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验显示1和1-Ga均具较好的光核酸酶活性, 1-Ga光断裂DNA效果比1好, 其光断裂机理与羟基自由基的产生有关。     

Heparin Binding by Murine Recombinant Prion Protein Leads to Transient Aggregation and Formation of RNA-Resistant Species

The conversion of cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into the pathological conformer PrP(Sc) requires contact between both isoforms and probably also requires a cellular factor, such as a nucleic acid or a glycosaminoglycan (GAG). Little is known about the structural features implicit in the GAG-PrP interaction. In the present work, light scattering, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used to describe the chemical and physical properties of the murine recombinant PrP 23-231 interaction with low molecular weight heparin (LMWHep) at pH 7.4 and 5.5. LMWHep interacts with rPrP 23-231, thereby inducing transient aggregation. The interaction between murine rPrP and heparin at pH 5.5 had a stoichiometry of 2:1 (LMWHep:rPrP 23-231), in contrast to a 1:1 binding ratio at pH 7.4. At binding equilibrium, NMR spectra showed that rPrP complexed with LMWHep had the same general fold as that of the free protein, even though the binding can be indicated by significant changes in few residues of the C-terminal domain, especially at pH 5.5. Notably, the soluble LMWHep:rPrP complex prevented RNA-induced aggregation. We also investigated the interaction between LMWHep and the deletion mutants rPrP Δ51-90 and Δ32-121. Heparin did not bind these constructs at pH 7.4 but was able to interact at pH 5.5, indicating that this glycosaminoglycan binds the octapeptide repeat region at pH 7.4 but can also bind other regions of the protein at pH 5.5. The interaction at pH 5.5 was dependent on histidine residues of the murine rPrP 23-231. Depending on the cellular milieu, the PrP may expose different regions that can bind GAG. These results shed light on the role of GAGs in PrP conversion. The transient aggregation of PrP may explain why some GAGs have been reported to induce the conversion into the misfolded, scrapie conformation, whereas others are thought to protect against conversion. The acquired resistance of the complex against RNA-induced aggregation explains some of the unique properties of the PrP interaction with GAGs.     

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry identifies two highly protected regions in recombinant full‐length prion protein amyloid fibrils

Understanding the structural basis that distinguishes the amyloid form of the prion protein from its monomeric homologue is of crucial importance to elucidate the mechanism of the lethal diseases related to this protein. Recently, an in vitro conversion system was established which reproduces the transition of recombinant prion protein PrP(23–230) from its native α‐helical rich form into an aggregated amyloid β‐sheet rich form with physicochemical properties reminiscent to those of the disease‐related isoform of the prion protein, PrP^Sc. To study the tertiary and quaternary structural organization within recombinant amyloid fibrils from mouse, mPrP(23–231)^βf; bovine, bPrP(23–230)^βf; and elk, ePrP(23–230)^βf; we utilized hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and nano‐electrospray (nano‐ESI) mass spectrometry. No significant differences were found by measuring the deuterium exchange kinetics of the aggregated fibrillar forms for mPrP(23–231)^βf, bPrP(23–230)^βf and ePrP(23–230)^βf, indicating a similar overall structural organization of the fibrils from all three species. Next, we characterized the solvent accessibility for the soluble and fibrillar forms of the mouse prion protein by hydrogen exchange, pepsin proteolysis and nano‐ESI ion trap mass spectrometry analysis. In its amyloid form, two highly protected regions of mPrP(23–231) comprising residues [24–98] and [182–212] were identified. The residues between the two highly protected stretches were found to be more solvent exposed, but less than in the soluble protein, and might therefore rather form part of a fibrillar interface. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stimuli‐responsive chiral polyacetylene based on copolymerization of N‐propargylamide and propargylether

Copolymerization of propargylether having antipyrine group (PT) and N‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐l ‐valine‐N‐propargylamide (LA) was conducted with (nbd)Rh⁺[η⁶‐C₆H₅B^?(C₆H₅)₃] as a catalyst to obtain novel antipyrine‐functionalized chiral copolymer. The controllable secondary structure of the copolymers by different unit ratio or solvent environment led to a controlled fluorescence of the side‐chain antipyrine. Poly(LA₈₈‐co‐PT₁₂) exhibited a large specific rotation and a circular dichroism (CD) signal, while it emitted very stronger fluorescence. From CD and ultraviolet–visible spectra, the regular structure of poly(LA₈₈‐co‐PT₁₂) was destroyed, and the random coil was formed with temperature increase. The helical conformation of poly(LA₇₅‐co‐PT₂₅) disappeared by the addition of MeOH to CHCl₃ solution, while the fluorescence signal also became weaker than in CHCl₃ solution. It is suggested that the copolymer conformation much influenced the performance of chromophores. In the present study, the helix conformation could induce fluorescence enhancement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Binding Effect of Common Ions to Human Serum Albumin in the Presence of Norfloxacin: Investigation with Spectroscopic and Zeta Potential Approaches

In this work, the toxic influence of metallic ions (Al³⁺, Cu²⁺, Mg²⁺, Pb²⁺) on human serum albumin (HSA) in the absence and presence of norfloxacin (NRF) was studied by spectroscopic approaches [fluorescence quenching, synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence, circular dichroism, resonance light scattering (RLS) and zeta potential techniques] under simulated physiological conditions. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that these metallic ions and NRF can quench the HSA fluorescence, and this quenching effect became more significant when both ion and drug are present together. The binding constants and binding sites of metal ions with HSA in the absence and presence of NRF were determined, based on the fluorescence quenching results. Ion aggregation gives rise to an enhancement of the RLS intensity for HSA and the critical induced aggregation concentration (C _CIAC) of the ions, causing HSA aggregation for binary and ternary systems. The zeta potential measurements indicate a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between ion, NRF and HSA and the formed micelle-like clusters. These data illustrated that NRF has an effect on the interaction between HSA and metal ions, with relevance for various toxicological and therapeutic processes.     

Chiroptical properties and conformation of some 2-alkyl substituted dicarboxylic acids

CD spectra in EPA (a mixture of ethanol, isopentane and diethyl ether) at 25° and -185° were measured for the following acids and their methyl esters: (R)-2-methyl-, (R)-2-ethyl-, (R)-2-n-propyl-, (R)-2-n-butyl-, (R)-2-n-hexyl-, (R)-2-isobutyl-, (S)-2-isopropyl- and (S)-2-cyclohexylsuccinic acids, (R)-2-methylglutaric acid, (R)-2-methylsuberic acid, (R,R)-2,3-dimethyl-succinic acid and (+)-trans-Caronic acid (3,3-dimethyl-1,2-cyclopropane-dicarboxylic acid). The CD data are explained in terms of the conformation around the C₁C₂, C₂C₃ and C₃C₄ bonds.     

Detection of Newcastle disease virus with quantum dots-resonance light scattering system

A sensitive QDs-based RLS assay method for the detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibody has been developed. CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were conjugated with Newcastle disease virus and used as RLS-based probes to detect NDV antibody. The electrostatic interaction between CdTe QDs and NDV resulted in enhanced resonance light scattering (RLS) signal characterized at 555 nm. Upon the addition of NDV antibody, QDs-NDV formed dispersive immunocomplex that can decrease the RLS signal. The decreased RLS intensity at 555 nm (ΔI_RLS) was linearly proportional to the concentration of NDV antibody (C_anti-NDV) in the range of 0.5-50 ng/mL, with correlation coefficient of 0.974 and detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL under the optimization conditions. The proposed method was applied to the determination of NDV antibody in spiked samples with satisfactory results.     

新型尾式卟啉的合成及与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

合成了未见文献报道烟酸分子修饰的自由卟啉o-(niacin)C4O-TPP、p-(niacin)C4O-TPP及锌配合物o-(niacin)C4O-TPPZn、p-(niacin)C4O-TPPZn。通过元素分析、紫外-可见光谱、核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱等多种谱图对结构进行了表征。为模拟金属卟啉的生物功能,采用荧光光谱滴定法测定了金属锌卟啉与人血清白蛋白(HSA)相互作用的光谱性质。按照Stern-Volmer方程、Lineweaver-Burk双倒数方程分析和处理试验数据,得到了反应的猝灭常数、结合常数和热力学参数等。实验结果表明:锌卟啉与人血清白蛋白之间发生了较强的静态荧光猝灭效应,二者之间是以氢键或Van der Waals力结合反应。     

Investigation on the pH-dependent binding of benzocaine and lysozyme by fluorescence and absorbance

The interaction mechanism between benzocaine (BZC) and lysozyme (Lys) has been investigated by fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, ultraviolet–vis (UV) absorption spectra, and three-dimensional fluorescence (3-D) in various pH medium. The observations of fluorescence spectra were mainly rationalized in terms of a static quenching process at lower concentration of BZC (C_BZC/C_Lys < 9) and a combined quenching process at higher concentration of BZC (C_BZC/C_Lys > 9) at pH 7.4 and 8.4. However, the fluorescence quenching was mainly arisen from static quenching by complex formation in all studied drug concentrations at pH 3.5. The structural characteristics of BZC and Lys were probed, and their binding affinities were determined under different pH conditions (pH 3.5, 7.4, and 8.4). The results indicated that the binding abilities of BZC to Lys decreased at the pH below and above the simulative physiological condition (pH 7.4) due to the alterations of the protein secondary and tertiary structures or the structural change of BZC. The effect of BZC on the conformation of Lys was analyzed using UV, synchronous fluorescence and three-dimensional fluorescence under different pH conditions. These results indicate that the binding of BZC to Lys causes apparent change in the secondary and tertiary structures of Lys. The effect of Zn²⁺ on the binding constant of BZC with Lys under various pH conditions (pH 3.5, 7.4, and 8.4) was also studied.     

Salicylaldimine-bridged dinuclear cyclopalladated complexes: Synthesis,characterization and BSA binding studies

Salicylaldimine-bridged dinuclear cyclopalladated complexes were synthesized by the reactions of cyclopalladated chloro dimers [Pd{(4-R)C₆H₃CH=N-C₆H₃–2,6-i-Pr₂}(μ-Cl)]₂ (R = H; OMe) with salen-based bridging ligands. The complexes were characterized by FTIR, NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography. The binding interaction of cyclopalladated complexes to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by UV–vis, fluorescence and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that these Pd (II) complexes could bind to BSA with high affinity and quench its intrinsic fluorescence by a static or combined process. Also the interaction of Pd complexes with BSA affected the conformation of the tryptophan and tyrosine residues.     

Spectroscopic Investigation on the Interactions between Cationic Surfactants and Bovine Serum Albumin

Physicochemical studies on the interaction of cationic surfactants dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), N-dodecyl-N-2-hydroxyethyl-N,N-dimethylammonium bromide (C₁₂HDAB), and N-dodecyl-N,N-2-dihydroxyethyl-N-methyl ammonium bromide (C₁₂DHAB) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were performed by fluorimetry, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and ξ-potential measurements. The quenching efficiency of the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA and the interaction strength with BSA increased with increasing numbers of hydroxyethyl constituents in the head group. In each of the surfactant/BSA systems studied, the specific binding site was Trp-213 and the hydrophobic interaction was predominant while a contribution of the hydrogen bond was also observed in the presence of hydroxyethyl.