导模提拉法生长Tb3Sc2Al3O12(TSAG)晶体及性质表征

本文采用导模提拉法成功生长了Tb3Sc2Al3O12 (TSAG)晶体,并对所生长晶体进行了物相分析和单晶结构分析,探讨了多晶原料的烧结温度对晶体颜色的影响.Sc3+和Al3+的浓度分布测试表明,导模提拉法能较好地克服因分凝效应引起的Sc3+浓度分布不均,可以生长获得浓度分布均匀的TSAG晶体.磁光性能测试表明,Sc3+掺入对晶体在400～1100 nm波长范围内的磁光性能影响不大,所生长TSAG晶体的费尔德常数仅比Tb3Al5O12 (TAG)晶体低6; ～8;.     

Co2+,Er3+:Y3Al5O12晶体的生长及其吸收特性

应用中频感应提拉法成功生长出新型的Co2+,Er3+:Y3Al5O12晶体.研究了室温下晶体的吸收光谱性能.结合Er3+:Y3Al5O12晶体的光谱,并利用调Q判据对Co2+,Er3+:Y3Al5O12晶体调Q特性进行了简单的分析.结果表明Co2+,Er3+:YAG晶体是一种很有潜力的自调Q激光晶体.     

镥铝石榴石(Lu3Al5O12∶Pr)晶体的生长及发光性能

用提拉法生长出了直径45 mm的Lu3Al5O12:1; Pr(LuAG: Pr)石榴石闪烁晶体.测试了该晶体不同部位样品的吸收谱、激发发射光谱和多道能谱等.对晶体的吸收波段、发光峰位和激发波长及其对应的Pr离子中电子的跃迁能级进行了指认.测得LuAG: Pr晶体在137Cs放射源激发下的闪烁衰减时间为29 ns,光产额约为10800±540photons/MeV,光致发光衰减时间为21.93 ns.LuAG: Pr晶体样品的热释光(TSL)曲线证实晶体中存在较多的能够束缚电子的浅陷阱.     

Al2O3:V2+晶体自旋哈密顿参量的理论解释

在考虑微小磁相互作用(包括SS、SOO和OO作用)的基础上,采用全组态完全对角化方法,建立了A l2O3晶体中V2 离子的局域结构与自旋哈密顿参量定量关系,对A l2O3:V2 晶体基态和激发态零场分裂以及基态g因子等自旋哈密顿(SH)参量给出了统一的解释。结果表明,V2 离子进入A l2O3晶体后,上下配体氧平面分别沿C3轴向远离三角中心的方向移动了0.0021nm和0.0020nm。理论计算结果与实验值符合甚好。     

稀土元素(Ce、Nd和Eu)掺杂Bi4Si3O12晶体的生长与性能

本文采用坩埚下降法生长出20mm×20mm×100mm优质Bi4Si3O12晶体及Ce、Nd和Eu掺杂Bi4Si3O12晶体.测试了晶体的透射光谱、能谱及光产额、FWHM能量分辨率和激发-发射光谱.总结并解释了掺杂影响Bi4Si3O12晶体闪烁性能的规律,探讨了掺杂改善晶体闪烁性能的可能性.     

(Y0.99-xCe0.01Gdx)3Al5O12-Al2O3共晶的生长和性能研究

采用光学浮区法生长了质量较好(Y0.99-xCe0.01Gdx)3Al5O12-Al2O3共晶,直径约为7 mm,长度约为25 mm.通过XRD分析,结果表明共晶中只有Al2O3和YAG两种晶相;通过SEM观察表明,两种晶相在三维空间交错生长,形成自生互穿网络结构,共晶间距为10 μm左右.在室温下,进行了发射光谱和荧光寿命的测试,发现随着Gd3+浓度的增加,发射光谱发生了红移,最大发射波长从555 nm移至570 nm,荧光寿命为65 ns附近,并测试了共晶荧光体与大功率蓝光芯片匹配所得的光色性能.     

板片状Al2O3磨料对碲锌镉晶体机械研磨的影响

采用具有不同形状特征的Al2O3磨料对CdZnTe晶片进行机械研磨,研究了磨粒形状、粒径对晶片的去除速率、研磨后晶片表面形貌的影响,并讨论了其影响机理.研究表明,多角形不规则磨粒易在晶片表面产生划痕,且易在磨盘与晶片之间发生滚动,导致去除速率下降.板片状磨粒因不易发生滚动,易形成二体磨粒以边缘凿削晶片表面的方式去除.棱角度较高的薄板片状磨粒有利于CZT晶片的机械研磨,且去除速率随粒径增大而增大,但当粒径较大时易形成深凹坑.表面圆润平滑的厚板片状磨粒对去除速率不利.粒径(D50)为3.34 μm的薄板片状磨料既能得到较高的去除速率,也能保证研磨后晶片表面波纹度Wa值和凹坑面积占比较低,晶片表面质量好.     

A7MIIRE2(B5O10)3系列紫外非线性光学晶体的研究进展

稀土硼酸盐非线性光学(NLO)材料由于其在激光技术领域的重要应用而备受关注,这主要是因为三价稀土离子如Y³⁺、Sc³⁺、Lu³⁺等可以有效抑制d-d和f-f电子跃迁从而扩宽化合物的透过范围,同时稀土原子与氧原子结合成畸变的多面体可增强材料的非线性光学效应。A₇M^IIRE₂(B₅O₁₀)₃系列(RE为稀土金属,A为碱金属、M为二价金属)化合物是稀土硼酸盐中一类重要的材料,其A、M以及RE位点具备灵活的占据方式,近年来得到了广泛关注。通过化学元素取代法,研究者们对该类化合物的种类进行拓展,目前已经合成出数十种属于该体系的化合物。这些化合物的截止边大多处在紫外甚至是波长小于200 nm的深紫外波段,非线性光学效应为0.4~2.1倍KDP,在紫外以及深紫外波段非线性光学领域中展现出了应用潜力。本文对其研究现状进行了总结,分析了其微观结构与光学性能之间的关系,并指出不同位点组分对材料非线性光学性能的影响,以期对此类化合物今后的发展提供参考。     

CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5-(F)微晶玻璃的析晶及特征

采用熔融法制备了不同P2O5及F含量的CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5-(F)基础玻璃试样,研究了CaO-MgO- Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5-(F)系微晶玻璃的析晶及特征.结果表明:在CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-8.0wt;P2O5玻璃中,表面析晶和内部析晶同时存在,析出晶体主要为钙长石(CaAl2Si2O8)相、硅灰石(CaSiO3)和α-磷酸钙(Ca3(PO4)2).玻璃中P2O5含量的提高抑制玻璃的表面析晶,同时促进了玻璃的整体析晶和α-磷酸钙晶体析出.同时添加P2O5和F的玻璃试样以整体析晶为主,析出晶体为块状氟磷灰石和粒状钙长石相.     

Al2O3衬底上生长ZnO薄膜的结构和光学特性

用脉冲激光沉积法在Al2O3(0001)衬底上沉积了ZnO薄膜.衬底温度分别为300℃、400℃、500℃、600℃和700℃.利用X射线衍射(XRD)和光致发光谱(PL)对薄膜的结构和光学性能进行研究.X射线衍射的结果表明在不同温度下生长的ZnO薄膜均具有高度c轴择优取向,衬底温度400℃时,膜的应力较小质量较高.ZnO薄膜有很强的紫外发光峰,紫外发光峰的强度与衬底温度密切相关,并发现当衬底温度从300℃增到400℃时,紫外发射峰出现6nm的蓝移.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3粉体及其陶瓷的性能研究

以硝酸铝、柠檬酸为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3粉体.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对Al2O3粉体的晶体结构、形貌及粒径进行表征,并研究以MgO-CuO-TiO2作为添加剂时,Al2O3陶瓷的烧结特性及介电性能.结果表明:干凝胶经1000℃煅烧2h后得到了分散性良好的Al2O3粉体,粒径大约为50～ 80 nm.随着MgO掺杂量的增加,Al2O3陶瓷的相对密度、介电常数以及Q·f值都呈先增大后减小的趋势;随着温度的升高,烧结体的相对密度不断增大.当烧结温度为1500℃,MgO含量为0.5wt;时,Al2O3陶瓷的综合性能较好:相对密度为91.52;,介电常数和Q·f值达到最大值分别为9.46,19862 GHz.     

Semi-quantitative analysis for FTIR spectra of Al2O3-PbO-B2O3-SiO2 glasses

A series of glass of the molar formula xAl₂O₃-(50-x)PbO-25B₂O₃-25SiO₂ with x:2.5–17.5 with step of 2.5 mol.% was prepared and measured for, density, molar volume and infrared absorption. A semiquantitative analysis of the IR spectra was performed. It was found that each oxide would contribute in density with a specific factor. The density factor related to PbO is markedly higher than that of the other two oxides represent the glass skeleton which means that the content of PbO is the main factor affecting the density. The depolymerization of the whole glass skeleton increases with increasing the content of Al₂O₃. There is a competition between the role of PbO and Al₂O₃ in changing the value of N₄ and the crosslinking of the glass network. The silicate network tends to be distinguished from the reminder of the whole glass network with increasing alumina. The IR band located near 700 cm^? 1 was suggested to be due to the vibrations of bridging oxygens between trigonal boron atoms. An essential change in the role of PbO in these glasses from glass modifier to glass former occurred around 12 mol.% Al₂O₃.     

温梯法Al2O3晶体位错形貌分析

用温度梯度法(Temperature Gradient Technique,简称温梯法或TGT法),定向籽晶[0001]方向,生长出φ110mm×80mm Al2O3单晶,晶体完整、透明.采用硼酸钠玻璃液作为Al2O3晶体的化学抛光和化学腐蚀剂,观察了晶体不同部位处(0001)、(112-0)晶片的化学腐蚀形貌相,(0001)切片的位错腐蚀坑呈三角形,位错密度为2×103～3×103/cm2;(112-0)切片位错腐蚀坑呈菱形,位错密度为7×103～8×103/cm2;而且等径生长部位的完整性比放肩处高.利用同步辐射X射线白光衍射实验分析了(0001)晶片的(2-021),(11-01)和(112-0)衍射面内的位错组态.确定了两组位错线的Burgers矢量,温梯法生长的Al2O3晶体中的位错主要是刃型位错.     

Thermal expansion and transition temperature of glasses in the systems BeO–Al2O3–B2O3 and MgO–Al2O3–B2O3

Researches were conducted for glasses in the systems BeO–Al₂O₃–B₂O₃ and MgO–Al₂O₃–B₂O. The following characteristics have been determined: thermal expansion coefficient within 20–300 °C, structural thermal expansion coefficient (STEC) and glass transition temperature. The discussed properties of Be-aluminoborate and Mg-aluminoborate glasses have been compared with those of Ca-, Sr- and Ba-aluminoborate glasses. TEC of studied glasses gets higher going from Be-aluminoborate glasses to Ba-aluminoborate ones, but T_g decreases under the same succession. The dependence of STEC on the nature of a given cation is more complicated. The pattern of dependence of the properties on composition is due to changing the boron coordination number with respect to oxygen, which is the main network-former, and to competition between the aluminium and boron for the oxygen brought by an ion-modifier. The difference between the effect of one ion-modifier and that of another is determined by decreasing the radius of an ion and increasing its electric field strength in the succession from Ba²⁺ to Be²⁺. The ions of Be and Mg can also act as network-former to some extent.     

Chemical Processes in Al2O3-Mo and Al2O3-W systems in a weakly reducing atmosphere

Al₂O₃-Mo and Al₂O₃-W systems in a controlled Ar(95%) + H₂(5%) atmosphere at T = 2400 K and P = 1 bar have been calculated by the Monte Carlo method. It is established that the presence of hydrogen in these systems leads to the occurrence of OH, H₂O₂, HO₂, H₂O, AlOH, AlOOH, AlH, AlH₂, and AlH₃ components in the gas phase; aluminum hydrides are formed only through the interaction of hydrogen with melt evaporation products. The presence of reducing medium leads to a decrease in the free oxygen concentration by one to two orders of magnitude, which is expected to improve the quality of sapphire crystals.     

温梯法生长的Ti:Al2O3晶体的光谱分析

本文研究了不同掺Ti^3＋浓度对温梯法生长的Ti：Al2O3晶体吸收光谱、荧光光谱和X射线衍射光谱的影响。根据吸收光谱提出了一个色心模型。对比了样品各处420nm荧光谱，发现掺Ti^3＋浓度越大，该处荧光强度越弱，同时解释了420肿处荧光峰的起源。对比了样品各处720nm处的荧光谱，发现掺Ti^3＋浓度越大，该处荧光强度越强。X射线衍射谱（XRD）表明，衍射峰强度随掺Ti^3＋浓度的增大而逐渐增强。     

Ce3+∶GdLu2Al5O12/Al2O3共晶微结构及其发光性能

稀土共晶闪烁体是通过定向凝固晶体生长技术,将具有不同折射率的两相制备成具有射线探测功能的共晶材料,其中含有激活离子的闪烁体相的折射率高于基质相。在高能射线辐照下,闪烁体相将入射高能射线转换成荧光,然后,荧光在闪烁体相和基底相的界面以全反射的形式实现定向输出,从而有效提高辐射探测成像的空间分辨率。本工作采用微下降法成功生长得到φ3 mm×117.0 mm 的1.0%(原子数分数)Ce∶GdLu₂Al₅O₁₂/Al₂O₃闪烁共晶样品。通过切割抛光加工得到φ3 mm×2.0 mm的共晶薄片,并将该共晶薄片进行微观结构、能谱分析和荧光性能等表征和测试,结果表明所得到的共晶样品由Ce∶GdLuAG和Al₂O₃两晶相构成,微观结构呈现出“中国结”结构,并在生长方向呈现出一定的有序排列。荧光光谱测试表明该共晶材料存在Gd³⁺-Ce³⁺间的能量传递,具有典型的Ce³⁺辐射跃迁,其中双宽峰发射峰最强位于560 nm。此外,根据生长速率对共晶样品发射峰强、峰位以及荧光寿命影响,优化出最佳下拉生长速率为4.0 mm/min。     

Production of Y3Al5O12 and Y2O3 nanopowders for optical ceramics

The physical and technical conditions for reproducible production of nanodispersed yttrium aluminum garnet (Y₃Al₅O₁₂, YAG) and yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) powders by chemical coprecipitation have been investigated. It is established that the obtained YAG nanopowders have enhanced reactivity, which significantly decreases the temperature range of interaction in the Y₂O₃-Al₂O₃ system in comparison with ceramic synthesis. It is shown that vacuum heat treatment may lead to reversible transformation of the YAG crystal structure from cubic to tetragonal.     

Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体的叠层结构优化分析

采用真空热压烧结的方式制备出Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体.通过显微压痕强度实验,研究Al2O3-TiC层和Al2 O3-TiC-CaF2层的叠层厚度和层厚比对陶瓷材料硬度和断裂韧性的影响,并且用有限元方法对叠层陶瓷材料烧结过程中的残余应力进行分析.结果表明:Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体具有良好的层间界面,晶粒结合紧密;在模具坯体叠层部分总高度不变的情况下,当叠层数目为5,层厚比(Al2O3-TiC层:Al2O3-TiC-CaF2层)为1∶1时,叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体的硬度值和断裂韧性值达到最大,分别为18.2 ±0.3 GPa和5.7 ±0.2 MPa·m1/2;在烧结冷却过程中,由于不同材料层的热膨胀系数和弹性模量而引起的残余应力是该叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体具有良好机械性能的原因.