A rapid spectrophotometric method for determination of piperazine

A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of piperazine and its salts (citrate, phosphate, and tartrate) without prior separation, based on the interaction of piperazine or any of its salts with phenothiazine and N-bromosuccinimide in aqueous methanol. The products exhibit absorption maxima at 448, 595 and 645 nm. Measurements are made at 595 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 0.5-5 mug/ml for piperazine salts and 0.5-3 mug/ml for piperazine hexahydrate. The method is rapid, simple and successful for analysis of some pharmaceutical preparations.     

A simple and rapid visual method for the determination of ammonia nitrogen in environmental waters using thymol

Simple visual and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of ammonia nitrogen in water are proposed, based on the color development of indothymol blue formed between ammonia and thymol. The color development was accelerated by nitroprusside to complete in 3 min. This color development is remarkably rapid compared with that of the other conventional methods with indothymol blue and indophenol blue. The concentration range of ammonia nitrogen spectrophotometrically determined was 0.04–1.2 mg/L NH₄-N. The absorbance per 1 μg NH₄-N was 0.0215 (molar absorptivity = 1.51 × 10⁴) at 690 nm. The visual method not using any instrument as an in situ method in field works was developed based on the optimum conditions for the established spectrophotometric method. This visual method was successfully applied to the determination of ammonia nitrogen in environmental waters. Received: 21 December 1998 / Revised: 31 May 1999 / /Accepted: 4 June 1999     

A simple and rapid visual method for the determination of ammonia nitrogen in environmental waters using thymol

Simple visual and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of ammonia nitrogen in water are proposed, based on the color development of indothymol blue formed between ammonia and thymol. The color development was accelerated by nitroprusside to complete in 3 min. This color development is remarkably rapid compared with that of the other conventional methods with indothymol blue and indophenol blue. The concentration range of ammonia nitrogen spectrophotometrically determined was 0.04–1.2 mg/L NH₄-N. The absorbance per 1 μg NH₄-N was 0.0215 (molar absorptivity = 1.51 × 10⁴) at 690 nm. The visual method not using any instrument as an in situ method in field works was developed based on the optimum conditions for the established spectrophotometric method. This visual method was successfully applied to the determination of ammonia nitrogen in environmental waters.     

A rapid method for the determination of organic nitrogen and phosphorus based on a single perchloric acid digestion

Results of nitrogen determinations obtained by perchloric acid digestion of organic matter under reflux were found to be equivalent to those obtained by the conventional sulfuric acid Kjeldahl method. A rapid determination of nitrogen and phosphorus was thus possible after a single perchloric acid digestion. Nitrogen was determined by nesslerization and phosphorus by a conventional molybdenum blue technique. The method devised was found satisfactory for a great variety of natural products and pure organic compounds, including materials containing all kinds of tertiary nitrogen.     

A rapid CE-potential gradient detection method for determination of quinolones

A rapid CE coupled with potential gradient detection (PGD) for the separation and detection of four quinolones, namely, enoxacin, ofloxacin (OFL), fleroxacin, and pazufloxacin, was described. Separation was performed in a fused-silica capillary (75 microm x 8.5 cm) using a buffer of 30 mM Tris and 4 mM phosphoric acid at pH 8.9. Under the separation voltage of 3 kV, the quinolones were separated within 2.8 min with good linearity (r(2) >or= 0.985). The method was successfully applied in determining OFL in a pharmaceutical formulation. Also, a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method was developed and coupled to CE-PGD in determining quinolones that spiked in milk samples. With dichloromethane and hexane for enrichment and purification, the LLE recoveries of the four quinolones were in the range of 77-106%. The detection limits of the quinolones with LLE-CE-PGD were from 23 to 65 ng/mL. The proposed CE-PGD method was validated with an HPLC method, and the results indicated consistency between the two methods.     

A rapid spectrophotometric method for determination of zinc in milk

1-(2',3'-Dihydroxypyridyl-4'-azo)benzene-4-sulphonic acid and the corresponding 5'-chloro-substituted acid are proposed as sensitive reagents for zinc. Cyanide masking and selective demasking of zinc can be used to deal with the interference of many metal ions, cadmium can be masked with semithiocarbazide, and thiosulphate can be used for masking Hg(II), Pd(II) and Os(VIII). The molar absorptivities are about 1.3 x 10(5) 1.mole(-1).cm(-1). The method has been used for determinating zinc in milk.     

A sensitive and rapid method for determination of pyrophosphatase activity

A new, rapid and sensitive method of measuring the rate and amount of PPi hydrolysis is described. The method is based on registration of small pH changes, caused by decrease of hydrogen-ion concentration during the pyrophosphatase reaction. With this detected value of hydrogen-ion concentration change and the buffering capacity of each reaction mixture determined by titration, the rate and amount of PPi hydrolysis can be calculated. The results obtained by pH method are in good agreement with values determined by direct phosphate analysis. The described method can be applied to the continuous determination of pyrophosphatase activity in chromatophores, mitochondria, crude extracts or purified enzymes.     

Gasometric determination of nitrogen in organic substances Communication 3. New rapid method of determining nitrogen

Summary A new and rapid method has been developed for determining nitrogen in various organic substances. One determination takes 20–30 min. The accuracy of the method is ±0.1–0.2%.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1561–1564, September, 1964     

静电纺丝法制备水中氨氮快速检测试纸

利用静电纺丝法制备了纳米聚乳酸-乙醇酸膜作为氨氮快速检测试纸的纸基,采用国标GB7479-87水中氨氮测定标准的纳氏试剂显色法原理制成试纸并对试纸的制备条件和显色条件进行了研究.通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪进行了表征.扫描电镜观察材料的微观结构表明,PLGA静电纺丝材料纤维直径在纳米级别,其表面光滑,粗细较均匀,交织成网状.所制得的试纸氨氮检测限为0~50mg/L;浸渍液的最佳配比为1.5g氨试剂加入20mL无氨水,滴加2滴620g/L的氢氧化钾溶液;其中氨试剂（碘化钾∶碘化汞∶酒石酸钾钠∶氯化钠）的配比为0.5∶1∶0.5∶30;检测实体水样时,试纸显色深浅随氨氮浓度由低至高呈明显梯度加深,色阶明显.试纸的检测结果与国标法测定结果吻合度高,并且数据重现性好.     

A rapid iodometric method for the determination of copper and zinc

A method has been described for the iodometric simultaneous determination of zinc and copper. Copper is determined in the presence of sufficient KCNS and a small amount of KI. This is followed by the titration of the iodine equivalent to the zinc, which is liberated by the addition of potassium ferricyanide solution.Interference is eliminated completely by keeping the solution neutral or just acid with phosphoric acid.Within the range under investgation, results are obtained which are accurate to ± 0.7%.     

A rapid method for the determination of radiostrontium in river water

A rapid analytical method, applicable for the selective separation and determination of⁹⁰Sr and⁸⁹Sr in river water, is described. Strontium is extracted from the water sample at pH 10.5 by TTA/TOPO in cyclohexane in the presence of Tiron as masking agent for interfering ß-emitters. Radiostrontium is measured by liquid scintillation after back-extraction into 1N nitric acid. The distribution coefficient of strontium is over 400 and the separation factors from other radionuclides are higher than 5.0×10³.     

A rapid method for spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum in alloy steels

Summary A Rapid Method for Spectrophotometric Determination of Molybdenum in Alloy Steels Molybdenum (VI) forms an orange-red coloured mixed-ligand complex with perazine dimalonate and thiocyanate at room temperature (27°) in hydrochloric acid. The complex is soluble in ethanol. It exhibits absorption maximum at 460 nm. Beer's law is valid over the molybdenum concentration range 0.1–14.0,g/ml. Sandell's sensitivity of the reaction is 0.9·10^–3 g Mo/cm² and the molar extinction coefficient is 1.06·10⁴ 1·mol^–1·cm^–1 at 460 nm. The stoichiometry of the complex is (Perazine·H) [MoO(SCN)₄] as shown by Job's method, equilibrium shift method and elemental analyses of the isolated complex. The proposed method has been used for the determination of molybdenum in ores, alloy steels and in synthetic mixtures containing chromium, tungsten, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper.Presented at the 36th Pittsburgh Conference and Exposition on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, New Orleans, February 25-March 1, 1985.     

A simple and rapid chemical method for the determination of cephalosporins

A simple and rapid chemical assay for cephalosporins is described. It is a simple modification of the colorimetric determination of penicillins in which the narrow spectrum beta-lactamase (penicillinase) is replaced by a broad spectrum beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase) produced by Enterobacter cloacae. The method can be used for assay of fermentation broths as well as for pure cephalosporins.     

A rapid method for the determination of copper in mineral oils

A rapid method for the determination of small amounts of copper in mineral oils is described which avoids the difficult ignition of the organic matter. The copper is extracted with alcoholic hydrochloric acid and determined colorimetrically by extraction of the 2;2-diquinolyl complex with chloroform.The method operates satisfactorily with sample weights of 10 to 100 g and copper contents of 100 μg to 10 μg.     

A rapid method for the determination of organic carbon in soil

TIURIN'S method for the determination of organic carbon in soil is modified to give results practically identical with those of the dry combustion method. The standard deviation of a single determination is only 12%. By using 50 mg of soil and 10 ml of 0.2 N dichromate solution, soils with a carbon, content up to 12% can bo analysed. The method is suitable for all soils except those containing much chloride or reducing substances other than organic carbon Carbonates do not interfere.