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汽化器是LNG汽车燃料系统的重要设备。本文提出将汽化器换热过程分为过冷段、沸腾段与过热段的简化方法,并进行了LNG汽车起步阶段与正常行驶阶段汽化器性能模拟实验研究。 相似文献
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水和氢气、氧气在同等条件下(一个大气压,温度为25度)互相转变时自由能是相同的;同等条件下水变水蒸气时的汽化潜热和水蒸气变为水时的凝结热是相同的。利用一个刚性的绝热的容器,在海拔零米处电解水,利用氢气和氧气的混合密度小于空气密度的特点,携带一定质量的物体到数千米的高空。点燃混合气体,生成高温水蒸气。通过这个过程分析,将发现两部分能量多出。 相似文献
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淡水资源缺乏已成为全球性问题,海水淡化方法的研究也日益引起重视。液化天然气在气化时有大量冷能可以利用,考虑到冷冻法海水淡化需要大量冷能,可以把LNG的冷能和冷冻法海水淡化结合起来,形成利用LNG能冷的冷冻法海水淡化流程。文中以间接冷冻法为例,介绍了LNG冷能在海水淡化中的利用;并针对系统中冷媒是否相变而提出了无相变流程和有相变流程,通过HYSYS软件进行模拟,比较分析了各自的优缺点。结果说明无相变流程设备简单、控制方便,但冷媒质量流量大;有相变流程冷媒质量流量小,但流程、设备与控制均较复杂,气相部分体积流量较大,使得气态管路直径较大,相应的换热器尺寸也会更大。 相似文献
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基于LNG冷能的发电技术 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
液化天然气将成为人类在21世纪的主要能源之一。该文阐明了蕴涵在液化天然气中的巨大冷能利用价值,并指出两种利用方式:改善现有动力循环和相对独立的低温动力循环。前者主要体现在与燃气轮机及锅炉余热结合上,分析结果表明系统的热效率和火用效率普遍较高;后者则主要包括低温条件下的Rank ine循环、B rayton循环以及改进和复合的循环。总结了各种利用途径的特点和效果,同样说明了相当可观的液化天然气冷能利用价值。根据研究现状,最后指出了有待进一步研究和解决的诸多问题。 相似文献
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Snyder H.R. Anderson G.K. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1998,26(6):1695-1699
Experiments were performed on the plasma-assisted decomposition of dilute concentrations of chlorobenzene in air/oxygen and argon/oxygen gas mixtures at atmospheric pressure using a coaxial geometry single dielectric barrier discharge for different oxygen concentrations and energy densities. The results show that the decomposition process requires higher energy densities using air mixtures compared to argon/oxygen mixtures and is not linearly dependent on the oxygen content for a given energy density. The main decomposition products detected in the offgas were carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide 相似文献
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《Revue Generale de Thermique》1996,35(418-419):672-675
Water regeneration efficiency for pulp and paper plant. Exergy analysis. The water network of a pulp and paper mill is contaminated by a large number of components which are brought into the system as wood constituants or process additives. Keeping the contaminant concentrations below certain limits, to safeguard paper quality and process runnability, must be part of any systems closure strategy. This can be achieved by purging contaminants using well known separation techniques such as evaporation, freeze crystallization and membrane filtration. The purpose of this study was to compare the thermodynamic efficiency of these techniques by means of an advanced exergy analysis. The contaminated stream was modelled using key components for both organic and inorganic contaminants. The activity coefficients were calculated using the Chen algorithm. The approach developed by Brodyanski, Sorin and Le Goff was used to determine the exergy efficiency. This analysis shows that freeze crystallisation is the most efficient technique when the exergy of the output stream is considered as a useful effect. When only the useful work obtained by separation is considered, membrane separation becomes the most efficient process. The analysis of the process incorporating a separation operation produces the actual efficiency. This example illustrates the advantage of using exergy methods to determine the efficiency of processes based on different physico-chemical phenomena. 相似文献
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Fs光声光谱系统的谐振频率和池常数通常在实验室由标准气体标定得到,但在实际应用中,由于标准气体本身的不确定度以及与被测气体成分的不同、环境温湿度的变化,使得现场测量中谐振频率和池常数与实验室标定结果有偏差,从而导致测量结果不准确。为了解决以上问题,提出了基于大气中氧气的在线校准技术,并将该技术用于检测大气中二氧化碳浓度的光声光谱系统。大气中氧气浓度恒定为20.964%,通过探测氧气在763.73nm附近的扫频信号及峰值信号,实现共振频率和池常数的在线校准。该系统中光声池为直径6mm,长度100mm的一阶纵向共振模式结构。理论上分析了环境温湿度、气体成分对光声池性能的影响,同时给出了用标准气体、室内空气和室外空气标定的谐振频率和池常数,在标定结果的基础上,测量得到室内和室外的二氧化碳浓度值。实验结果显示,与校准过的气体分析仪的测量值相比,用被测大气中的氧气标定的谐振频率和池常数计算的二氧化碳浓度更准确,相对误差小于1%,远小于实验室标准气体标定计算的浓度相对误差。创新处在于,直接利用大气中的氧气对光声池的池常数和共振频率进行在线校准,有效的减小了标准气体标定带来的误差,以及环境变化带来系统漂移,提高光声系统在线监测的准确性和可靠性。 相似文献
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LNG冷能利用的全液体空分 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在分析LNG冷火用的基础上,提出了一种利用LNG冷能的全液体空分流程,并利用Aspen Plus软件对流程进行模拟计算,与常规流程进行对比,节能降耗优势明显。 相似文献
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针对城市天然气高中压管网调压站的压力能回收利用,综合考虑LNG储运过程中广泛面临的BOG(Boiloff gas)问题,提出了一种结合混合工质循环、利用天然气压力能生产高品质LNG的小型液化流程。研究分析了预冷温度、动部件效率、低温换热器性能及液化天然气温度对流程天然气液化比的影响,优化的流程结果参数表明,当所得液化天然气储存在4bar,-160℃时,流入系统18.26%的天然气可被液化,其余部分外输中压管网;提出了在LNG买卖市场中根据LNG品质议价的建议,以从根本上减少LNG储运、装卸及使用过程的BOG排放量,进而减少经济损失与能源浪费。该流程可应用于城市燃气调峰,也可进行二次销售,具有较好实用性和经济性。 相似文献
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A. V. Klimenko V. S. Agababov P. N. Borisova S. N. Petin A. V. Koryagin 《Thermophysics and Aeromechanics》2018,25(4):613-622
The article presents the research results of the influence of process parameters on the thermodynamic efficiency of expander-generator units, used as an alternative to throttling devices for technological reduction of pressure of transported natural gas at the plants of technological decompression of the gas supply system–gas distribution stations (GDS) and gas control points (GCP). The process parameters are the temperature of the outside air, the ratio between the pressures of the transported gas at the outlet and inlet of GDS and GCP, and the temperature of the gas heating before the expander. Various circuit designs of expander-generator units for generating either only electricity or electricity and cold are considered. Exergy efficiency is taken as a criterion for evaluating thermodynamic efficiency. The calculation results for the changes in flow exergy and exergy efficiency at changing process parameters are presented in graphical form. The thermodynamic efficiencies of throttling devices and expander-generator units are com-pared. It is shown that the replacement of the throttling device by the expander-generator unit for all the considered process parameters leads to an increase in the exergy efficiency of the stations for technological decompression of the transported gas in all the considered schemes of this unit inclusion: without heating the gas in the expander-generator unit, with heating the gas after the expander, as well as with heating before and after it. 相似文献