三角形格构式塔身杆件风荷载及流动干扰特性

针对输电塔结构精细设计及优化设计对杆件风荷载准确输入的要求,选用完全结构化的多块网格,通过求解N-S方程得到了不同风向角条件下的三角形塔身节段模型流场并利用风洞试验对其体型系数进行验证．与各国规范的对比分析表明,《英国杆塔荷载规范》可用于相关设计工作;分析了不同杆件风荷载随风向角变化的成因,指出了迎风面积变化主导了最上游主材的风荷载特性,而其它两根主材的风荷载同时受到迎风面积变化及上游杆件流动干扰的影响;利用不同高度、不同展向位置的截面流线方法研究了塔身节段模型杆件之间的流动干扰性态,结果表明,如下四种流动干扰行为共同决定了节段模型的杆件风荷载特性：a）相互独立的流动干扰杆件群;b）屏蔽作用;c）两组独立的斜置阵列的流动干扰作用;d）尾迹干扰作用．     

三角形格构式塔身体型系数及屏蔽特性研究

为满足高压/特高压输电铁塔风致倒塌问题对铁塔体型系数的精准度需求,研究了完全结构化多块网格对格构式三角形输电塔塔身流场的模拟能力,探讨了不同规范体型系数对某铁塔的适用性,并分析了塔身杆件复杂流动干扰作用下的屏蔽特性。结果表明,数值模拟与风洞试验的体型系数吻合很好;完全结构化网格能高保真、高度正交地对铁塔塔身这类复杂空间桁架流场进行离散;《英国杆塔荷载规范》的规定结果虽偏于保守,但其趋势最为接近真实值;在塔身桁架结构各个杆件之间流动干扰作用下,角钢弯折角朝向来流比背向来流的屏蔽作用更强;斜材弯折角背向气流和竖向辅助材弯折角朝向气流的组合之间的流动干扰,使得其对气流的屏蔽作用最强。     

CFD modeling of pressure drop and drag coefficient in fixed beds: Wall effects

Simulations of fixed beds having column to particle diameter ratio (D/dp ) of 3, 5 and 10 were performed in the creeping, transition and turbulent flow regimes, where Reynolds number (dp VLL/L ) was varied from 0.1 to 10,000. The deviations from Ergun’s equation due to the wall effects, which are important in D/d p<15 beds were well explained by the CFD simulations. Thus, an increase in the pressure drop was observed due to the wall friction in the creeping flow, whereas, in turbulent regime a decrease in t...     

静水中气泡上升运动及阻力系数研究

采用模型计算法与实验法结合的方式对静水中气泡上升运动行为进行研究。通过牛顿运动定律,基于不同物理模型,建立气泡在水中运动的微分方程;假设气泡在运动过程中的关键参数取值,推导小气泡在水中浮升过程中的气泡行为预测公式;针对不同流态下的气泡上升关键参数进行适应性分析和算例计算。通过设计气泡上升运动实验,对气泡上升运动公式进行适应性分析,修正关键参数的取值。据此提出一种小气泡上升运动规律的计算方法以及关键参数取值方式及参考区间。     

螺栓扭矩系数影响因素的试验研究

在螺栓连接结构中,为保证连接的可靠性,必须为螺栓提供合适的预紧力。工程中通常采用扭矩法装配螺栓连接结构,因此需要确定预紧力与扭矩之间的关系(即扭矩系数),以施加合适的装配扭矩。本文对输电塔中常用的M16镀锌螺栓进行预紧力试验研究,测试分析了螺栓强度等级、有无垫圈和有无润滑对螺栓连接副扭矩系数的影响。研究结果表明,高强度螺栓比普通螺栓的扭矩系数小,数据离散性也小;无垫圈的螺栓比有垫圈的螺栓扭矩系数小,但数据离散性大;有润滑的螺栓比无润滑的螺栓扭矩系数小,数据离散性也小。本文同时探讨了如何控制、调整扭矩系数,以及螺栓连接中要注意的问题,为设计和施工单位提供参考。     

块石形状对土石混合体力学行为影响的颗粒流模拟

考虑块石形状为球体、正方体和长方体三种情况,通过正方体与球体相比较来探究块石棱角度不同对土石混合体力学特性的影响,通过长方体与正方体相比较来探究块石球度不同对土石混合体力学特性的影响。首先,提出特定形状块石三维离散元精细建模的方法;接着建立含石量为30%和80%的块石形状分别为球体、正方体和长方体的土石混合体三维颗粒流数值模型;然后,对土石混合体大三轴试验进行颗粒流模拟,获得了不同含石量及不同块石形状的土石混合体试样的宏观力学特征;最后,详细分析了块石形状对土石混合体力学行为影响的细观机理。结果表明,块石形状会影响土石混合体的力学行为,其影响的程度与含石量密切相关;配位数、块石颗粒平均旋转量和摩擦功的演化规律能够很好地从细观水平上反映块石形状的作用机理。     

正方形排列四圆柱体绕流特性及互扰效应研究

基于计算流体动力学理论,运用大涡模拟方法对雷诺数Re=3900三维正方形排列四圆柱体结构群的绕流问题进行数值计算,主要分析来流攻角与间距比两个参数对四圆柱体结构群流体参数及流场模态的影响。结果表明:来流攻角与间距比均对四圆柱体结构群绕流特性有较强的影响;来流攻角θ=0°、22.5°、45°下,临界间距比分别为3.5、4.0、3.0;间距比的变化会导致下游圆柱表面压力系数分布发生改变;另一方面,间距比较小时,四圆柱体结构之间的互扰作用均以临近效应为主;随间距比增大,上游圆柱尾流对下游圆柱有显著影响,其互扰作用会转变尾激效应。     

Coupling effects of void size and void shape on the growth of prolate ellipsoidal microvoid

The combined effects of void size and void shape on the void growth are studied by using the classical spectrum method. An infinite solid containing an isolated prolate spheroidal void is considered to depict the void shape effect and the Fleck-Hutchinson phenomenological strain gradient plasticity theory is employed to capture the size effects. It is found that the combined effects of void size and void shape are mainly controlled by the remote stress triaxiality. Based on this, a new size-dependent void growth model similar to the Rice-Tracey model is proposed and an important conclusion about the size-dependent void growth is drawn: the growth rate of the void with radius smaller than a critical radius r_c may be ignored. It is interesting that r_c is a material constant independent of the initial void shape and the remote stress triaxiality.The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (A10102006) and the New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of China. The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

Assessment of assembly shape and geometric effects on amplification of shear waves using discrete element method

The discrete element method (DEM) is a capable tool used to simulate shear wave propagation in granular assemblies for many years. Researchers have studied assembly shapes such as rectangles (in 2D simulations) or cylinders and cubes (in 3D simulations). This paper aimed to qualify the effect of assembly shape on the shear wave propagation and maximum amplification in the vertical plane (horizontal and vertical directions) caused by this propagation. To this end, shear wave propagations in different assembly shapes such as rectangle, trapezium, and triangle with rigid boundary conditions were simulated. A sine wave pulse was applied with a point source by moving a particle as the transmitter particle. To evaluate the shear wave velocity of the assemblies, the transmitter and receiver particles were simulated. All the simulations were performed with 2D DEM which is a useful tool to determine the amount and location of the maximum amplification factor of the assembly in both horizontal and vertical directions. An advantage of this study was assessing the effect of parameters such as input wave frequency, assembly height, shape, and aspect ratios on the amplification of the input waves.     

Optimization of the shape of a body with respect to two criteria: Radiation heat flux and wave drag

The numerical solution of the two-criteria variational problem of the body contour with minimum radiation heat flux and wave drag is obtained in the class of axisymmetric and plane slender bodies in hypersonic flow. Solutions obtained using the Pareto, ideal point and minimax methods are compared. It is shown that in the class of axisymmetric slender bodies the optimum body gives a decrease in the radiation heat flux as compared with a cone of up to 15% for the Pareto method, up to 13% for the ideal point method, and up to 5% for the minimax method. A solution is also obtained in the subclass of power-law slender bodies and it is shown that the optimum power-law bodies are inferior, as compared with the optimum bodies from the general class of such bodies, in reducing both radiation heating and resistance.