Hyperfine structure and isotope shift study in singly ionized lead

Hyperfine structure and isotope shifts in five optical transitions: 424.5 nm ( – ), 537.2 nm ( – ), 554.5 nm ( – ), 560.9 nm ( – ) and 666.0 nm ( – ) of Pb  II have been measured. As a light source the discharge tube was used. The hyperfine structure measurements were performed using metallic isotope ²⁰⁷Pb. For isotope shifts measurements natural lead was used. The high resolution spectral apparatus consisted of a silver coated Fabry-Perot etalon and a grating spectrograph combined with a CCD camera used as a detector. In the analysis of the spectra a computer simulation technique was used. The hyperfine structure observations yielded the splitting constants A for seven levels of Pb II. The isotope shift studies enabled to separate the mass and the field shifts and to determine values of changes of the mean square nuclear charge radii.     

The hyperfine and isotope structure of the Cd intercombination line – revisited

Careful analysis of the intercombination 5¹S₀–5³P₁ line of the ¹¹³Cd isotope with two hfs components and was carried out. The hyperfine splitting of this line was determined to uncertainty less than 10^-3 cm^-1 using neon-perturbed Doppler limited spectra.     

NLO contributions to <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis>→<Emphasis Type="Italic">KK</Emphasis><Superscript>*</Superscript> decays in the pQCD approach

We calculate the important next-to-leading-order (NLO) contributions to the B→KK ^* decays from the vertex corrections, the quark loops, and the magnetic penguins in the perturbative QCD (pQCD) factorization approach. The pQCD predictions for the CP-averaged branching ratios are , , and Br(B ⁰→K ⁺ K ^*−+K ⁻ K ^*+)≈1.3×10⁻⁷, which agree well with both the experimental upper limits and the predictions based on the QCD factorization approach. Furthermore, the CP violating asymmetries of the considered decay modes are also evaluated. The NLO pQCD predictions for and decays are and .     

Study of plasma parameter’s distribution upon electrical wire explosion

Experimental results on electrical explosion of wires in vacuum with current density  A/m², current rise rate (dI/dt) ~ 50 A/ns and current pulse with amplitude ∼10 kA are presented. The structure of the discharge channels in vacuum has been studied using laser shadow and schlieren imaging with 7 ns frames, UV pinhole images with 5 ns frames and X pinch X-ray backlighting. The information on the dense core material and the conducting plasma distributions was obtained in our experiments by analyzing and comparing the results obtained from all diagnostics.     

Electromagnetic field distributions in waveguide-based axial-type microwave plasma source

We present results from simulations of 2D distributions of the electromagnetic field inside a waveguide-based axial-type microwave plasma source (MPS) used for hydrogen production via methane reforming. The studies are aimed at optimization of discharge processes and hydrogen production. We derive equations for determining electromagnetic field distributions and next determine the electromagnetic field distributions for two cases – without and with plasma inside the MPS. For the first case, we examine the influence of the length of the inner conductor of the coaxial line on electromagnetic field distributions. We have obtained standing wave patterns along the coaxial line and found resonances for certain positions of the coaxial line inner conductor. For the case with plasma inside the MPS, we perform calculations assuming that distributions of plasma parameters are known. Simulations are done for several values of maximum electron density. We have found that for values of electron density greater than strong skin effect in the plasma is observed. Consequently, plasma may be treated as an extension of the inner conductor of the coaxial line. We have used FlexPDE software for the calculations.     

Analysis of Ωb? (bss) and Ωc0 (css) with QCD sum rules

We calculate the masses and the pole residues of the heavy baryons Ω _c ⁰(css) and Ω _b ⁻(bss) with the QCD sum rules. The numerical values  GeV (or  GeV) and  GeV (or  GeV) are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Global entanglement and coherent states in an {\sf N}-partite system

We consider a quantum system consisting of N parts, each of which is a “quKit” described by a K dimensional Hilbert space. We prove that in the symmetric subspace, , a pure state is not globally entangled, if and only if it is a coherent state. It is also shown that in the orthogonal complement all states are globally entangled.     

Probing spin-orbit quenching in Cl (2P) + H2 via crossed molecular beam scattering

In our previous work we investigated electronically non-adiabatic effects in using crossed molecular beam scattering coupled with velocity mapped ion imaging. The prior experiments placed limits on the cross-section for electronically non-adiabatic spin-orbit excitation and electronically non-adiabatic spin-orbit quenching . In the present work, we investigate electronically non-adiabatic spin-orbit quenching for which is the required first step for the reaction of Cl^* to produce ground state HCl+H products. In these experiments we collide Cl (²P) with H₂ at a series of fixed collision energies using a crossed molecular beam machine with velocity mapped ion imaging detection. Through an analysis of our ion images, we determine the fraction of electronically adiabatic scattering in Cl^* +H₂, which allows us to place limits on the cross-section for electronically non-adiabatic scattering or quenching. We determine the following quenching cross-sections σ _quench(2.1 kcal/mol) = 26 ± 21 ?², σ _quench(4.0 kcal/mol) = 21 ± 49 ?², and σ _quench(5.6 kcal/mol) = 14 ± 41 ?².     

The consistent result of cosmological constant from quantum cosmology and inflation with Born–Infeld scalar field

Quantum cosmology with a Born–Infeld (BI) type scalar field is considered. In the extreme limits of a small cosmological scale factor the wave function of the universe can also be obtained by applying the methods developed by Hartle–Hawking (HH) and Vilenkin. The HH wave function approach predicts that the most probable cosmological constant Λ equals ( equals the maximum of the kinetic energy of the scalar field). It is different from the original results (Λ=0) for the cosmological constant obtained by Hartle–Hawking. The Vilenkin wave function predicts a nucleating universe with the largest possible cosmological constant, and it is larger than 1/η. The conclusions can nicely be reconciled with cosmic inflation. We investigate the inflation model with the BI type scalar field and find that η depends on the amplitude of the tensor perturbation δ_h, having the form The vacuum energy in the inflation epoch depends on the tensor-to-scalar ratio δ_h/δ_Φ. The amplitude of the tensor perturbation δ_h may, in principle, be large enough to be discovered. However, it is only on the border of detectability in future experiments. If it will have been observed in the future, this will be very interesting as regards determining the vacuum energy in the inflation epoch. PACS  98.80.Cq, 04.65.+e, 11.25.-w     

Two-step laser excitation of the highly excited even-parity states of atomic mercury

We report term energies and quantum defects of highly excited even-parity states of mercury in the 83 876–84 140 cm^-1 energy range, employing a two-step laser excitation scheme via the S₀↦6s6p³P₁ inter-combination transition. Two dye lasers, pumped by a common Nd:YAG laser, were frequency doubled by BBO crystals and used to record the spectra in conjunction with a thermionic diode ion detector. Our new observations include the much extended D₂ (22 ≤n ≤52) series and a few members of the S₁ (24 ≤n ≤30) Rydberg series. Members of the D₂ Rydberg series with such a high n value are reported for the first time. The relative intensities of the D₂ and S₁ transitions (m = 4, 5 and 6) of group II-B elements excited from the P₁ inter-combination states are also discussed.     

Lifetime vibrational interference during the NO 1s-1π* resonant excitation studied by the NO+(A 1Π → X 1Σ+) fluorescence

Dispersed fluorescence from fragments formed after the de-excitation of the 1s^-1π^* resonances of N^*O and NO^* has been measured in the spectral range of 118–142 nm. This range is dominated by lines of atomic nitrogen and oxygen fragments and by the bands in the NO⁺ ion which result from the participator Auger decay of the 1s^-1π^* resonances. Ab-initio calculations of the transition probabilities between vibrational levels during the reaction NO N^*O ⇒ NO were used to explain the observed intensity dependence for the fluorescence bands on the exciting-photon energy across the resonances and on both v^′ and v^′′ vibrational quantum numbers. The multiplet structure of the 1s^-1π^* resonance and lifetime vibrational interference explain the observed exciting-photon energy dependence of the fluorescence intensity. A strong spin-orbit coupling between singlet and triplet states of NO⁺ is proposed to reduce additional cascade population of the state via radiative transitions from the and states and to explain remaining differences between measured and calculated integral fluorescence intensities.     

Frequency stabilization of CO laser using RF optogalvanic Lamb-dip

The Lamb dip of CO rovibrational transition is detected by a room temperature extracavity RF optogalvanic cell and employed to stabilize the frequency of a CO laser. The S/N ratio of optogalvanic signal is about 2000  at optical power < 1 W. The relative depth of Lamb dip is 2.3%. The S/N ratios of first and third harmonic demodulated saturation signals are about 40  and 10  , respectively. The CO laser is stabilized using the first harmonic demodulated signal, and the frequency stability is better than 300 kHz. Concurrently, the influences of operational parameters, which include the coil current, partial pressures of gas mixture, are investigated. A simple model for the influence of coil current is presented, and further improvements are addressed as well.     

Odd autoionizing 2p<Subscript>1/2</Subscript><Superscript>5</Superscript>n(s<Superscript>′</Superscript>/d<Superscript>′</Superscript>) resonances of Ne excited from the 2p<Superscript>5</Superscript>3p[K]<Subscript>J</Subscript> states

Absolute photoionization cross sections for Ne atoms in the excited levels (Paschen notation ) were calculated at near threshold energies within the configuration interaction Pauli-Fock approach including core polarization. The computed spectra and the lineshape parameters of the odd parity 2p_1/2 ⁵ns^′/d^′ autoionizing resonances are found to be in good agreement with high resolution laser spectroscopic results. Guided by the theoretical results, improved analyses of the measured spectra by superimposed Fano-type profiles were achieved. Theoretical predictions are presented for resonances which have not yet been studied experimentally. In addition, we report the absolute partial photoionization cross sections for the ²P_3/2 and ²P_1/2 channel at photoelectron energies up to 7 eV. Except for the highest lying 2p₁(¹S₀) level, these cross sections monotonically decrease with energy (as reported earlier in single-electron calculations for the Ne(2p⁵3p) configuration) with branching ratios which essentially reflect the core composition of the 2p_x levels. For the 2p₁ level the resonance structure and the partial cross sections are strongly influenced by a Cooper-Seaton minimum in the d_3/2 ^′ channel,located just above the ²P_1/2 ionization limit.     

Determination of the η and η<Superscript>′</Superscript> mixing angle from the pseudoscalar transition form factors

The possible range of the η– mixing angle is determined from the transition form factors F_ηγ(Q²) and with the help of up-to-date experimental data. For this purpose, the quark-flavor mixing scheme is adopted and the pseudoscalar transition form factors are calculated in the framework of light-cone pQCD, in which the transverse-momentum corrections and the contributions beyond the leading Fock state have been carefully taken into consideration. We construct a phenomenological expression to estimate the contributions to the form factors beyond the leading Fock state, based on their asymptotic behavior at Q²→0 and . By taking the quark-flavor mixing scheme, our results lead to , where the first error comes from the experimental uncertainty and the second error from the uncertainties of the parameters of the wavefunction. The possible intrinsic charm component in η and is discussed, and our present analysis also disfavors a large intrinsic charm component in η and , e.g. . PACS 13.40.Gp; 12.38.Bx; 14.40.Aq     

Asymptotic Inverse Problem for Almost-Periodically Perturbed Quantum Harmonic Oscillator

Let be the spectrum of in L ²(ℝ), where q is an even almost-periodic complex-valued function with bounded primitive and derivative. It is known that , where is the spectrum of the unperturbed operator. Suppose that the asymptotic approximation to the first asymptotic correction is given. We prove the formula that recovers the frequencies and the Fourier coefficients of q in terms of Δμ _n .      

Jet properties from two-particle azimuthal correlations in d+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ =200 GeV at STAR

We present measurements of azimuthal correlations between photons (from π⁰ decay) and charged hadrons in d+Au collisions at  =200 GeV. We use di-hadron correlations to study parton fragmentation in d+Au collisions at RHIC. Specifically, the near-side and away-side peaks of the azimuthal angular difference distribution are used to measure the root-mean-squared (RMS) fragmentation transverse momentum and the mean intrinsic parton transverse momentum . The measurements with leading photons are compared to results using leading charged particles. PACS  25.75.-q     

Hyperfine structure and isotope shifts in near-infrared transitions of atomic nitrogen

We have obtained Doppler-free spectra of transitions in the → 2p²(³P) and → multiplets of atomic nitrogen using saturated absorption spectroscopy. These multiplets consist of respectively of seven and eight transitions, and have center of gravity wavelengths of 821 nm and 869 nm. Values for the hyperfine structure coupling constants of all the upper and lower states for these multiplets were obtained for both ¹⁴N and ¹⁵N. Isotope shifts of three transitions in each multiplet were also measured, and a significant J-dependence to the shifts was observed.     

Alpha-gamma decay studies of 255Rf, 251No and 247Fm

The decay of the isotopes ²⁵⁵Rf, ²⁵¹No and ²⁴⁷Fm produced in the reactions , and was investigated by means of α-γ spectroscopy. Previously observed γ transitions in coincidence with α decays of ²⁵⁵Rf were confirmed, their energies and line intensities were measured more precisely, and their multipolarities were determined as E1. In ²⁵¹No a new isomeric state at E ^* > 1700keV with a half-life of ≈ 2μs was identified. The decay of ²⁴⁷Fm was measured more precisely. A partial level scheme of the daughter nucleus ²⁴³Cf could be established.     

Studies of ion energy and yield from argon clusters heated by intense femtosecond laser pulses

Using time-of-flight spectrometry, the interaction of intense femtosecond laser pulses with argon clusters has been studied by measuring the energy and yield of emitted ions. With two different supersonic nozzles, the dependence of average ion energy on cluster size in a large range of has been measured. The experimental results indicate that when the cluster size , the average ion energy Coulomb explosion is the dominant expansion mechanism. Beyond this size, the average ion energy gets saturated gradually, the clusters exhibit a mixed Coulomb-hydrodynamic expansion behavior. We also find that with the increasing gas backing pressure, there is a maximum ion yield, the ion yield decreases as the gas backing pressure is further increased.     

Schwinger mechanism for gluon-pair production in the presence of arbitrary time-dependent chromo-electric field

We study the Schwinger mechanism for gluon-pair production in the presence of an arbitrary time-dependent chromo-electric background field E ^a (t) with arbitrary color index a=1,2,…,8 in SU(3) by directly evaluating the path integral. We obtain an exact expression for the probability of non-perturbative gluon-pair production per unit time per unit volume and per unit transverse momentum, , from arbitrary E ^a (t). We show that the tadpole (or single-gluon) effective action does not contribute to the non-perturbative gluon-pair production rate, . We find that the exact result for non-perturbative gluon-pair production is independent of all the time derivatives , where n=1,2,…,∞, and that it has the same functional dependence on the two Casimir invariants, [E ^a (t)E ^a (t)] and [d _abc E ^a (t)E ^b (t)E ^c (t)]², as the constant chromo-electric field E ^a result with the replacement: E ^a →E ^a (t). This result relies crucially on the validity of the shift conjecture, which has not yet been established. This result may be relevant to the study of the production of a non-perturbative quark–gluon plasma at RHIC and LHC.