黑体辐射中两类粒子的辐射规律

考虑到相对论效应,采用量子统计的方法,得到了满足Bose-Einstein统计分布和Fermi-Dirac统计分布的两类粒子的黑体辐射公式（包括Planck黑体辐射公式）．发现辐射谱不仅与黑体的辐射温度有关,还与辐射粒子的能量、化学势和种类有关．辐射强度与辐射粒子的能量、静质量、简并因子有关。     

空腔"黑体"辐射的简单模型及推论

建立了一个简单的模型来描绘空腔辐射中腔壁与辐射场的能量交换,由此可以得到空腔辐射平衡场能谱的性质,基尔霍夫定律,以及空腔与黑体的关系．     

基于黑体辐射感温薄膜的瞬态高温传感器的设计

针对瞬态高温的测量难题,采用辐射式测温技术和接触式测温技术有机结合的方法,设计了由黑体辐射温度敏感体、圆柱状高强度金属外壳以及壳内信号调理电路构成的瞬态高温测量装置。通过对感温薄膜特殊材料的恰当选取以及整体结构的合理设计,并利用ANSYS软件对其黑体感温薄膜进行了瞬态高温热传导分析。分析表明,施加的温度载荷为2 000 ℃、2 500 ℃、3 000 ℃时,此温度传感器响应时间分别为487.001 s、545.001 s、590.001 s,能够克服传统瞬态温度传感器体积大、响应慢、安装不方便以及易受恶劣环境因素影响等不足,在测温技术领域具有良好的应用价值。     

黑体辐射公式的多种推导及其在近代物理构建中的意义(Ⅰ)

黑体辐射是近代物理史上一只会下金蛋的鹅,是近代物理的摇篮。黑体辐射研究的意义还在于这是唯一一个涉及c,k,h三个普适常数的物理情景。黑体辐射谱抗测量误差的特性带来了辐射标准和绝对温度参照,谱分布公式对模型的不敏感则使得黑体辐射成为独特的物理研究母题。黑体辐射谱分布公式,普朗克多角度推导过,德拜推导过,艾伦菲斯特推导过,劳厄推导过,洛伦兹和庞加莱深入讨论过,泡利推导过,玻色推导过,爱因斯坦在20多年的时间里多角度推导过且产出最为丰硕,近代还有从相对论角度的推导,每一个角度的推导都带来了物理学的新内容,这包括量子力学、固体量子论、受激辐射、量子统计、相对论统计,等等。认真回顾黑体辐射研究的历史细节,考察其中的思想概念演化,不啻于体验一次教科书式的学(做)物理之旅,比如也可以尝试给出能量局域分立化的简单新证明。     

The cosmological constant,broken gauge theories and 3 K black-body radiation

It is suggested that the cosmological constant today be identified with the one provided by gauge theories at T = 3 K and not T = 0 K or T = 10¹⁵ K as done so far. We then calculate Λ(3 K) in the σ-model, Weinberg-Salam model and Mohapatra and Sidhu model. While an acceptable value is obtained with the rather ideal σ-model, a very small Λ is obtained with the WS model. For the MS model, Λ can be fitted only if at least one of the Higgs mesons has a very light mass (≈3 K).     

微机扫描黑体辐射实验研究

利用微机扫描光栅光谱仪和溴钨灯进行黑体辐射实验研究，验证了黑体辐射的基本规律；论证了黑体辐射实验方法的可行性，分析了黑体的辐射、传递和接收以及正弦机构等器件的性能和误差修正问题．     

第二讲 宇宙微波背景辐射

简单介绍了近年来关于宇宙微波背景辐射在观测上取得的重大进展,以及有关它的解释、理论和意义.宇宙微波背景是我们了解宇宙奥秘的一个至关重要的窗口.在未来几年,它还将扮演更加重要的角色.     

第二讲宇宙微波背景辐射

简单介绍了近年来关于宇宙微波背景辐射在观测上取得的重大进展，以及有关它的解释、理论和意义．宇宙微波背景是我们了解宇宙奥秘的一个至关重要的窗口．在未来几年，它还将扮演更加重要的角色．     

再论牛顿力学形式和相对论力学的协变性

进一步论述了,将牛顿力学形式写成相对论协变形式的科学意义,同时指出了有关文章对这一观点所提出的异议是不妥的．     

Space-time singularities and microwave background radiation

A general relativistic space-time universe is considered together with a radiation such as the microwave background radiation. It is shown that if certain reasonable conditions are satisfied, then the presence of such a radiation would imply space-time singularities in the sense that all time-like curves will be incomplete in the past. The considerations provide an upperbound to the age of the universe, which is consistent with present data.     

Correlation properties of black-body radiation in the context of the electron cyclotron emission of a magnetized plasma

Summary The quest for the cause of the anomalously large heat transport in magnetically confined thermonuclear plasmas has motivated detailed studies of fluctuations of various plasma parameters and, among others, of the electron temperature fluctuations. For an optically thick plasma the fluctuations of the electron cyclotron emission, ECE, are proportional to the electron temperature fluctuations up to a critical frequency where this ceases to be true. For the ultimate purpose of recovering, by correlation analysis, the actual plasma temperature fluctuations from the fluctuations of the measured radiation at frequencies above the critical, the mutual correlation properties of two ECE beams are analyzed and a criterion is obtained to decide when the thermal radiation fluctuations are uncorrelated and hence ignorable. The author of this paper has agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.     

Role of the velocity frame of reference in thermodiffusion in liquid mixtures

The role and significance of the velocity frame of reference in the interpretation, modeling and formulation of thermodiffusion in multicomponent liquid mixtures were investigated, focused on the nonequilibrium thermodynamics modeling approach. The effect of the velocity frame of reference on the phenomenological equations and thermodiffusion coefficients and expressions is explored. Theoretically and also by the aid of representative calculations, it is shown that while in binary mixtures transformation from one frame to another does not affect the sign and magnitude of the thermodiffusion coefficients, in multicomponent mixtures (ternary and higher), even the sign of the thermodiffusion coefficients may change when an alternative frame is used. This implies that in multicomponent mixtures for either experimental data or model estimations, the employed velocity frame for the thermodiffusion coefficients plays an important role in calculations. The Soret coefficients and the thermodiffusion factors are independent of the frame of reference.     

也谈带电粒子在电磁场中动态受力平衡条件

电磁场中相对论带电粒子的经典轨道运动受到洛伦兹力和辐射阻尼力的影响,在一定条件下会达到受力平衡状态．基于洛伦兹一狄拉克方程,本文介绍了计及辐射阻尼力后电磁场中带电单粒子(包括导体中的自由电子)受力平衡条件的一种可能的相对论协变形式．     

Dual charges and radiation reaction

We offer a non-covariant derivation of the equation of motion for a dual charge, taking into account the radiation reaction, by means of a simple model of charge: a dumbbell. In the derivation we handle retarded quantities avoiding some of the usual approximations, in particular we do not restrict our calculations to first order inv/c nor overlook thet dependence ofR=|x–r(t)|. The differences with the radiation reaction problem for pure electric or magnetic charges are exhibited.     

红外小目标与背景辐射对比度的研究

红外目标与背景的对比度特征是红外探测系统检测的重要特征。研究了目标和背景在探测器上的辐射照度,提出了一种红外小目标与背景的辐射对比度,分析了该目标与背景对比度的相关因素。     

The highest background radiation school in the world and the health status of its students and their offspring

Although the average effective human dose from natural background radiation is about 2.4 mSv per year, the students of the Saeid Nafisi school in Ramsar received effective doses of about 250 mSv while studying there for over 5 years. The goal of this project was a retrospective study of the health status of former students of this school and their offspring. The list of the students of the Saeid Nafisi school (high background radiation) and Taleghani and Kashani schools (ordinary background radiation) was provided by the Department of Education. After matching sex, age and socioeconomic level and obtaining their consent, part 1 of the specifically designed questionnaire was filled out by interview, and clinical examinations were recorded in part 2 of the questionnaire by a physician. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 16. Our study shows that 88.1 % of general examinations of high background radiation school students were normal as compared with 85.7 % for control group. There were no significant differences. This study is interesting and unique. It reveals that there is no health emergency related to these high radiation doses. We recommend continuing the health supervision of this population in the future.     

线框馈电抛物反射面高功率电磁脉冲辐射天线

 研制了一种由高功率宽带模式转换结构、导电线框TEM喇叭馈电结构及抛物反射面构成的天线,用其辐射高功率亚纳秒电磁脉冲。时域测试表明,在半宽为700ps、峰值电压为200kV脉冲激励下,天线的主瓣宽度约为±3.8°,辐射效率约为37%。     

Spectrum broadening effect in coherent x-ray radiation of a relativistic electron crossing a single-crystal plate

Based on the dynamic diffraction theory [1], coherent x-ray radiation of a relativistic electron crossing a single-crystal plate at a constant velocity is considered in the Bragg geometry. In the general case of asymmetric reflection of the radiation from the target, expressions are derived for the spectral-angular distribution of parametric x-ray radiation (PXR) and diffraction transition radiation (DTR). For a fixed angle between the electron trajectory and the system of parallel atomic planes of the crystal (Bragg’s angle) it is shown that a decrease in the angle of electron incidence on the crystal plate gives rise to a significant increase in the PXR and DTR spectra, and the causes for spectral broadening for each of these radiation mechanisms are different. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 74–83, March, 2009.