黑体辐射中两类粒子的辐射规律

考虑到相对论效应,采用量子统计的方法,得到了满足Bose-Einstein统计分布和Fermi-Dirac统计分布的两类粒子的黑体辐射公式（包括Planck黑体辐射公式）．发现辐射谱不仅与黑体的辐射温度有关,还与辐射粒子的能量、化学势和种类有关．辐射强度与辐射粒子的能量、静质量、简并因子有关。     

The cosmological constant,broken gauge theories and 3 K black-body radiation

It is suggested that the cosmological constant today be identified with the one provided by gauge theories at T = 3 K and not T = 0 K or T = 10¹⁵ K as done so far. We then calculate Λ(3 K) in the σ-model, Weinberg-Salam model and Mohapatra and Sidhu model. While an acceptable value is obtained with the rather ideal σ-model, a very small Λ is obtained with the WS model. For the MS model, Λ can be fitted only if at least one of the Higgs mesons has a very light mass (≈3 K).     

微机扫描黑体辐射实验研究

利用微机扫描光栅光谱仪和溴钨灯进行黑体辐射实验研究，验证了黑体辐射的基本规律；论证了黑体辐射实验方法的可行性，分析了黑体的辐射、传递和接收以及正弦机构等器件的性能和误差修正问题．     

第二讲 宇宙微波背景辐射

简单介绍了近年来关于宇宙微波背景辐射在观测上取得的重大进展,以及有关它的解释、理论和意义.宇宙微波背景是我们了解宇宙奥秘的一个至关重要的窗口.在未来几年,它还将扮演更加重要的角色.     

第二讲宇宙微波背景辐射

简单介绍了近年来关于宇宙微波背景辐射在观测上取得的重大进展，以及有关它的解释、理论和意义．宇宙微波背景是我们了解宇宙奥秘的一个至关重要的窗口．在未来几年，它还将扮演更加重要的角色．     

再论牛顿力学形式和相对论力学的协变性

进一步论述了,将牛顿力学形式写成相对论协变形式的科学意义,同时指出了有关文章对这一观点所提出的异议是不妥的．     

Space-time singularities and microwave background radiation

A general relativistic space-time universe is considered together with a radiation such as the microwave background radiation. It is shown that if certain reasonable conditions are satisfied, then the presence of such a radiation would imply space-time singularities in the sense that all time-like curves will be incomplete in the past. The considerations provide an upperbound to the age of the universe, which is consistent with present data.     

Correlation properties of black-body radiation in the context of the electron cyclotron emission of a magnetized plasma

Summary The quest for the cause of the anomalously large heat transport in magnetically confined thermonuclear plasmas has motivated detailed studies of fluctuations of various plasma parameters and, among others, of the electron temperature fluctuations. For an optically thick plasma the fluctuations of the electron cyclotron emission, ECE, are proportional to the electron temperature fluctuations up to a critical frequency where this ceases to be true. For the ultimate purpose of recovering, by correlation analysis, the actual plasma temperature fluctuations from the fluctuations of the measured radiation at frequencies above the critical, the mutual correlation properties of two ECE beams are analyzed and a criterion is obtained to decide when the thermal radiation fluctuations are uncorrelated and hence ignorable. The author of this paper has agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.     

也谈带电粒子在电磁场中动态受力平衡条件

电磁场中相对论带电粒子的经典轨道运动受到洛伦兹力和辐射阻尼力的影响,在一定条件下会达到受力平衡状态．基于洛伦兹一狄拉克方程,本文介绍了计及辐射阻尼力后电磁场中带电单粒子(包括导体中的自由电子)受力平衡条件的一种可能的相对论协变形式．     

Dual charges and radiation reaction

We offer a non-covariant derivation of the equation of motion for a dual charge, taking into account the radiation reaction, by means of a simple model of charge: a dumbbell. In the derivation we handle retarded quantities avoiding some of the usual approximations, in particular we do not restrict our calculations to first order inv/c nor overlook thet dependence ofR=|x–r(t)|. The differences with the radiation reaction problem for pure electric or magnetic charges are exhibited.     

红外小目标与背景辐射对比度的研究

红外目标与背景的对比度特征是红外探测系统检测的重要特征。研究了目标和背景在探测器上的辐射照度,提出了一种红外小目标与背景的辐射对比度,分析了该目标与背景对比度的相关因素。     

The highest background radiation school in the world and the health status of its students and their offspring

Although the average effective human dose from natural background radiation is about 2.4 mSv per year, the students of the Saeid Nafisi school in Ramsar received effective doses of about 250 mSv while studying there for over 5 years. The goal of this project was a retrospective study of the health status of former students of this school and their offspring. The list of the students of the Saeid Nafisi school (high background radiation) and Taleghani and Kashani schools (ordinary background radiation) was provided by the Department of Education. After matching sex, age and socioeconomic level and obtaining their consent, part 1 of the specifically designed questionnaire was filled out by interview, and clinical examinations were recorded in part 2 of the questionnaire by a physician. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 16. Our study shows that 88.1 % of general examinations of high background radiation school students were normal as compared with 85.7 % for control group. There were no significant differences. This study is interesting and unique. It reveals that there is no health emergency related to these high radiation doses. We recommend continuing the health supervision of this population in the future.     

线框馈电抛物反射面高功率电磁脉冲辐射天线

 研制了一种由高功率宽带模式转换结构、导电线框TEM喇叭馈电结构及抛物反射面构成的天线,用其辐射高功率亚纳秒电磁脉冲。时域测试表明,在半宽为700ps、峰值电压为200kV脉冲激励下,天线的主瓣宽度约为±3.8°,辐射效率约为37%。     

Spectrum broadening effect in coherent x-ray radiation of a relativistic electron crossing a single-crystal plate

Based on the dynamic diffraction theory [1], coherent x-ray radiation of a relativistic electron crossing a single-crystal plate at a constant velocity is considered in the Bragg geometry. In the general case of asymmetric reflection of the radiation from the target, expressions are derived for the spectral-angular distribution of parametric x-ray radiation (PXR) and diffraction transition radiation (DTR). For a fixed angle between the electron trajectory and the system of parallel atomic planes of the crystal (Bragg’s angle) it is shown that a decrease in the angle of electron incidence on the crystal plate gives rise to a significant increase in the PXR and DTR spectra, and the causes for spectral broadening for each of these radiation mechanisms are different. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 74–83, March, 2009.     

背景辐射中负热容量系统的质量演化讨论及Runge-Kutta法数值模拟

以黑洞为例,在不考虑满足幺正性的情况下得到了在背景辐射中Schwarzschild黑洞的质量随时间变化的微分方程,并对该方程进行了必要的研究和讨论,作为对《新概念物理教程.力学》和《新概念物理教程.热学》中提到的负热容量系统的不稳定性的另一个注释.文章最后用Runge-Kutta法数值模拟了Schwarzschild黑洞的质量演化过程,使广大学生能够更直观地理解这一过程.     

The ideal relativistic rotating gas as a perfect fluid with spin

We show that the ideal relativistic spinning gas at complete thermodynamical equilibrium is a fluid with a non-vanishing spin density tensor σ_μν. After having obtained the expression of the local spin-dependent phase-space density f(x, p)_στ in the Boltzmann approximation, we derive the spin density tensor and show that it is proportional to the acceleration tensor Ω_μν constructed with the Frenet-Serret tetrad. We recover the proper generalization of the fundamental thermodynamical relation, involving an additional term −(1/2)Ω_μνσ^μν. We also show that the spin density tensor has a non-vanishing projection onto the four-velocity field, i.e. t^μ = σ_μνu^ν ≠ 0, in contrast to the common assumption t^μ = 0, known as Frenkel condition, in the thus-far proposed theories of relativistic fluids with spin. We briefly address the viewpoint of the accelerated observer and inertial spin effects.     

Simulation of earth background radiation characteristic for satellite borne laser warning system

The earth background radiation is a kind of main background interference for satellite borne laser warning system in the space environment, and it is so necessary that the radiation characteristic be studied. In this paper, the mathematic model of the earth background radiation is established, the input parameters of 6S model are analyzed and set, and the simulation of earth background radiation is carried on aiming at the alarm wavelength 1.315 μm and the waveband 0.9-1.7 μm which is the responsive bandwidth of the detector. The results show that: with the increase of zenith angle, the irradiance from ground reflection increases, but the irradiances of atmospheric path radiation and surface-atmosphere interaction at the satellite level decrease; comparing with other two parts, the irradiance from ground reflection weighs most, and the corresponding percentages for 1.315 μm and 0.9-1.7 μm are 75.89% and 73.99%, respectively. The total irradiance at the satellite level from earth background radiation has exceeded the detection sensitivity of the system (about 1 mW/cm²), which may arouse the false alarm. So, the special technique of background suppression must be studied.     

Hawking radiation from a Vaidya black hole by Hamilton-Jacobi method

Using the Hamilton-Jacobi method, Hawking radiation from the apparent horizon of a dynamical Vaidya black hole is calculated. The black hole thermodynamics can be built successfully on the apparent horizon. If a relativistic perturbation is given to the apparent horizon, a similar calculation can also lead to a purely thermal spectrum, which corresponds to a modified temperature from the former. The first law of thermodynamics can also be constructed successfully at a new supersurface which has a small deviation from the apparent horizon. When the event horizon is thought as such a deviation from the apparent horizon, the expressions of the characteristic position and temperature are consistent with the previous result that asserts that thermodynamics should be built on the event horizon. It is concluded that the thermodynamics should be constructed on the apparent horizon exactly while the event horizon thermodynamics is just one of the perturbations near the apparent horizon.     

Experimental investigation of a compact relativistic magnetron with axial TE11 mode radiation

As one of the relativistic electron tubes having compact configuration and high efficient output, the relativistic magnetron with direct axial radiation is very attractive in pulsed power and high power microwave fields for industrial and military applications. In this paper, the experimental investigation of a relativistic magnetron with axial TE11 mode radiation is reported. Under a total length of - 0.3 m, volume of - 0.014 m3, working at an applied voltage of 508 kV and a magnetic field of - 0.31 T, the relativistic magnetron radiates a microwave of 540 MW with the TE11 mode at 2.35 GHz in the axial direction. The power conversion efficiency is 15.0%. After a lot of shots, the detected amplitudes of microwaves are nearly the same. The fluctuations of wave amplitudes are less than 0.3 dB.