Reflection of an acoustic line source by an impedance surface with uniform flow

An exact analytic solution is derived for the 2D acoustic pressure field generated by a time-harmonic line mass source located above an impedance surface with uniform grazing flow. Closed-form asymptotic solutions in the far field are also provided. The analysis is valid for both locally-reacting and nonlocally-reacting impedances, as is demonstrated by analyzing a nonlocally reacting effective impedance representing the presence of a thin boundary layer over the surface. The analytic solution may be written in a form suggesting a generalization of the method of images to account for the impedance surface. The line source is found to excite surface waves on the impedance surface, some of which may be leaky waves which contradict the assumption of decay away from the surface predicted in previous analyses of surface waves with flow. The surface waves may be treated either (correctly) as unstable waves or (artificially) as stable waves, enabling comparison with previous numerical or mathematical studies which make either of these assumptions.     

Numerical solutions of the acoustic eigenvalue equation in the rectangular room with arbitrary (uniform) wall impedances

Two numerical procedures for finding the acoustic eigenvalues in the rectangular room with arbitrary (uniform) wall impedances are developed. One numerical procedure applies Newton's method. Here, starting with soft walls, the eigenvalues are found by increasing the impedances of each wall pair in small increments up to the terminal impedances. Another procedure poses the eigenvalue problem as one of homotopic continuation from a non-physical reference configuration in which all eigenvalues are known and obvious. The continuation is performed by the numerical integration of two differential equations. The latter procedure was found to be faster and finds all possible solutions. The set of eigenvalues allowed the room modal natural frequencies and damping constants to be obtained. From sound decays measured in a hard-walled rectangular room, and from the collective-modal-decay curve, the impedances of the hard walls are estimated. These are then used to find the reverberation times of the modes in the room with the floor lined with sound absorbing material of known acoustic impedance. It was found that a single reverberation time, for all modes, is only supported in the rectangular room with hard walls and at the higher frequency bands, consistent with Sabine's theory, which assumes a diffuse sound field. In the rectangular room with hard walls and at the lower frequency bands, and in the rectangular room with the floor lined with sound absorbing material and for all frequency bands, modes with rather distinctive reverberation times may produce sound decays not always consistent with Sabine's prediction.     

旋转运动点声源近场声学频域解

本文在任意运动点源声辐射频域解基础上，得到旋转运动声源近场声学的一个近似解。如果旋转半径相对于场声波是紧致的，此解就可以表示为在远场解基础上叠加三项近场修正项。根据此解，本文得到适合于近场的自由空间Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数，由此讨论了声源旋转导致的声场方向性特征，研究了声源位置及源频率以及旋转频率等对近场声学结构的影响。     

Near field acoustic solution of a rotating point source in frequency domain

I.IntroductionAerodyntalcnoiseofturbomaChinrynotoalythectstheenvironmentbutalsosometimesresultsinstructuredamage.Aeroacoustics,asaintewhsciPlineofacousticsandaerodynamics,isattractingmorandmoreatteDtionandresearch.TherearetwoimportalltcontentsonthenoiseproducingmechAnsmsinaeroacousticproblem.OneisaboutthesourcesofnoiseinturbomachinryGenetallytherearethreetyPesofsources:thickness,forceandturbulencestress,correspondingrespectivelyTomonopole,dipoleandquadruplesourcesThelatertwokindsofsourcesh…     

Frequency-domain method for discrete frequency noise prediction of rotors in arbitrary steady motion

A novel frequency-domain formulation for the prediction of the tonal noise emitted by rotors in arbitrary steady motion is presented. It is derived from Farassat's ‘Formulation 1A’, that is a time-domain boundary integral representation for the solution of the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings equation, and represents noise as harmonic response to body kinematics and aerodynamic loads via frequency-response-function matrices. The proposed frequency-domain solver is applicable to rotor configurations for which sound pressure levels of discrete tones are much higher than those of broadband noise. The numerical investigation concerns the analysis of noise produced by an advancing helicopter rotor in blade–vortex interaction conditions, as well as the examination of pressure disturbances radiated by the interaction of a marine propeller with a non-uniform inflow.     

Effects of sound source location and direction on acoustic parameters in Japanese churches

In 1965, the Catholic Church liturgy changed to allow priests to face the congregation. Whereas Church tradition, teaching, and participation have been much discussed with respect to priest orientation at Mass, the acoustical changes in this regard have not yet been examined scientifically. To discuss acoustic desired within churches, it is necessary to know the acoustical characteristics appropriate for each phase of the liturgy. In this study, acoustic measurements were taken at various source locations and directions using both old and new liturgies performed in Japanese churches. A directional loudspeaker was used as the source to provide vocal and organ acoustic fields, and impulse responses were measured. Various acoustical parameters such as reverberation time and early decay time were analyzed. The speech transmission index was higher for the new Catholic liturgy, suggesting that the change in liturgy has improved speech intelligibility. Moreover, the interaural cross-correlation coefficient and early lateral energy fraction were higher and lower, respectively, suggesting that the change in liturgy has made the apparent source width smaller.     

A microinstability code for a uniform magnetized plasma with an arbitrary distribution function

We have developed a very general computer code for studying microinstabilities in a uniform magnetized plasma. Employing a new algorithm to perform two-dimensional numerical integrals in the conductivity tensor, the code can handle an arbitrary distribution function given by either an analytical function or numerical values on a momentum space grid and solve the full dispersion relation for an arbitrary propagation angle in either a non-relativistic or relativistic plasma except for a highly relativistic plasma (energy 1 MeV). The results for cyclotron-maser instability and whistler-wave instability are presented to illustrate the validity of the method.     

压力罐中水声材料声学特性的参量源测量法

设计了一种原波频率500 kHz、差频范围1~30 kHz的截断宽带参量阵,作为水声材料测量系统的声源。通过分析典型频率下的宽带参量源指向性理论计算和实际测量结果,发现两者结果的曲线基本吻合,证明计算模型是正确的。应用钟形短时脉冲实现水声材料声特性的宽带测量,有益于降低样品边缘衍射干扰。并建立了测量水声材料大面积板状样品声压反射系数、声压透射系数和吸声系数的压力罐测量系统,罐体内尺寸Φ4 m×12 m,最高静水压4.5 MPa,测量频率范围1~30 kHz。对标准样品(尺寸1m×1m)进行了测量实验,其测量结果和理论曲线有很好的吻合,参量源测量法得到了验证;之后,通过对一块橡胶板样品在不同静压力下的吸声性能进行了测量和有效评估,进一步确认了参量源测量法在压力罐这样有限水域中的潜在应用价值。     

The parametric source method for measuring characteristics of underwater acoustic materials in a pressure vessel

A truncated broadband parametric array with a primary frequency of 500 kHz and difference frequency range of 1 kHz to 30 kHz was designed as a sound source of the underwater acoustic material measurement system.By analyzing the theoretical calculation and actual measurement results in array directivity of the truncated broadband parametric source at typical frequencies,we observed that the curves of the two results were basically consistent,which proved that the calculation model was correct.App...     

Near-field calculations for a rigid spheroid with an arbitrary incident acoustic field

A general spheroidal coordinate separation-of-variables solution is developed for the determination of the acoustic pressure distribution near the surface of a rigid spheroid for a monofrequency incident acoustic field of arbitrary character. Calculations are presented, for both the prolate and oblate geometries, demonstrating the effects of incident field orientation and character (plane-wave, spherical wave, cylindrical wave, and focused beam) on the resultant acoustic pressure distribution.     

表征超大规模集成电路互连纳米薄膜硬度特性的声表面波的频散特性

利用声表面波(SAW)的频散特性来表征超大规模集成电路(ULSI)互连系统中低介电常数(k)薄膜的物性具有准确、快速、对材料无损伤等突出优点.研究了Si(100)衬底上淀积低k薄膜的分层结构中，SAW沿任意方向传播的色散关系.引入坐标变换后，单层薄膜特征矩阵从9阶降到6阶，双层薄膜特征矩阵从15阶降到10阶，大幅度提高了计算速度，有利于生产ULSI过程中的在线监测. 关键词： 超大规模集成电路 声表面波 传输方向 频散特性     

A variable kinematic Ritz formulation for vibration study of quadrilateral plates with arbitrary thickness

A new variable kinematic Ritz method applied to free vibration analysis of arbitrary quadrilateral thin and thick isotropic plates is presented. Carrera's unified formulation and the versatile pb-2 Ritz method are properly combined to build a powerful yet simple modeling and solution framework. The proposed technique allows to generate arbitrarily accurate Ritz solutions from a large variety of refined two-dimensional plate theories by expanding so-called Ritz fundamental nuclei of the plate mass and stiffness matrices. Theoretical development of the present methodology is described in detail. Convergence and accuracy of the method are examined through several examples on thin, moderately thick, and very thick plates of rectangular, skew, trapezoidal and general quadrilateral shapes, with an arbitrary combination of clamped, free and simply supported edges. Present results are compared with existing three-dimensional solutions from open literature. Maximum and average differences of various higher-order plate theories and three-dimensional results are also presented with the aim of providing useful guidelines on the choice of appropriate plate theory to get a desired accuracy on frequency parameters.     

Polarization reversal in multiferroic TbMnO3 with a rotating magnetic field direction

For the memory application of magnetoelectric multiferroics, not only bistability (i.e., ferroelectricity) but also the switching of the polarization direction with some noneverlasting stimulus is necessary. Here, we report a novel method for the electric polarization reversal in TbMnO3 without the application of an electric field or heat. The direction of the magnetic-field-induced polarization along the a axis (Pa) is memorized even in the zero field where Pa is absent. The polarization direction can be reversed by rotating the magnetic-field direction in the ab plane.     

Quantization of spin direction for solitary waves in a uniform magnetic field

It is known that there are nonlinear wave equations with localized solitary wave solutions. Some of these solitary waves are stable (with respect to a small perturbation of initial data) and have nonzero spin (nonzero intrinsic angular momentum in the center of momentum frame). In this paper we consider vector-valued solitary wave solutions to a nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation and investigate the behavior of these spinning solitary waves under the influence of an externally imposed uniform magnetic field. We find that the only stationary spinning solitary wave solutions have spin parallel or anti-parallel to the magnetic field direction.     

Interactions between two solitons with an arbitrary collision direction in two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates

We show that there is a link between the Kuramoto paradigm and another system of synchronized oscillators, namely an electrical power distribution grid of generators and consumers. The purpose of this work is to show both the formal analogy and some practical consequences. The mapping can be made quantitative, and under some necessary approximations a class of Kuramoto-like models, those with bimodal distribution of the frequencies, is most appropriate for the power-grid. In fact in the power-grid there are two kinds of oscillators: the “sources" delivering power to the “consumers".     

Axial-homogeneous oscillations in semiconductor rod with an arbitrary direction of the magnetic field

Theoretical and numerical studies of the electromagnetio properties of the semiconductor rod with an arbitrary direction of the external magnetic field was carried out. It was investigated new types of surface oscillations in semiconductor rod and the regions of their existence with help of exact dispersion equation. It was considered unreciprocal effect at the deviation of external magnetic field direction into opposite.     

面光源矩形匀光照明反射器数学建模分析

通常反射器照明器件结构对面光源出射光线难以有效控制,用透镜又存在不可避免的色散问题。采用面光源置于反射器杯口,出光面背对目标面的结构,提出一种分点、分区控制光线的自由曲面反射器的设计方法。利用有限元法划分面光源,将微面光源视为点光源,根据矩形匀光照明配光条件,建立面光源与目标面的能量对应关系。根据微分几何理论和Snell定律,建立反射器的数学模型,只要给定参数,无需进行反馈优化,即可用Matlab软件给出自由曲面反射器的数值解。以台灯照明为例,用光学设计软件对其性能进行了模拟应用分析,结果表明,在有效照明区域内均匀度可达到80%以上,光能利用率达到90%。