Modelling chemical kinetics of small clusters after nanosecond laser ablation

Nanoclusters of various materials have recently been obtained by laser ablation. Strong evaporation of a condensed phase caused by laser irradiation is well known to generate an overcooled vapour. Further expansion thereof increases the oversaturation degree and facilitates homogeneous nucleation and cluster growth. To investigate homogeneous nucleation at very high expansion rates attained at nanosecond laser ablation, kinetic equations are applied describing all the possible gas-phase chemical reactions of dissociation and coalescing between small clusters. Additional cooling due to thermal emission by clusters is taken into account. Twenty smallest carbon molecules are considered. The model is applied to nanosecond laser ablation of graphite in vacuum. The resulted vapour molecular composition is characterised by dominating molecules C₃ and C₅ and an exponential drop of heavier clusters concentrations with their mass. The growth of heavier clusters is controlled by the balance between liberating the latent heat of their formation and the energy losses by expansion and thermal emission.     

双极性直线型变压器驱动源的研制

针对双极性脉冲电压介质阻挡放电（DBD）的应用需求,提出了一种基于直线型变压器驱动源（LTD）的全固态双极性纳秒脉冲形成拓扑。脉冲产生期间各开关的驱动电路均可靠共地极大降低了高低压隔离需求,因此与传统单极性LTD一样理论上可实现脉冲子模块的无限制叠加以获得更高电压的双极性脉冲输出。各脉冲子模块上集成数量相等但具有相反电压极性的储能电容,使隔离磁心的励磁电流在不同脉冲极性下正负交变,有效提高了磁心的利用率,不再需要设置专门的磁通复位电路。最后研制了一套模块化紧凑型双极性LTD原理验证样机,可输出脉冲参数为：电压幅值0～±2 kV,脉冲电流80 A,脉冲宽度50～200 ns,所有脉冲参数可通过上位机灵活可调,通过增加LTD子模块数量可获得更高的脉冲电压。     

Computer simulation of graphite target ablation under the action of a nanosecond laser pulse

A quasi-gasdynamic approach is used for computer simulation of plasma expansion from a graphite plate subjected to a nanosecond laser pulse. A one-component plasma consisting of carbon molecules alone is considered. This simplifies the experimental conditions used previously to study the dynamics of the gas resulting from evaporation. The results of computer experiment conducted for different initial temperatures and pressures of the plasma are in good qualitative agreement with the real experimental data including in the time instant the density of the expanding gas reaches a maximum. It is shown that high-density clusters are likely to appear in front of the main plasma flux. The results of the computer simulation are compared with the Singh approximation of pressure, velocity, and density of the gas flow. It is concluded that this approximation is valid only within a short (compared with the entire expansion length) plasma expansion interval existing during the initial spread for t = 4 × 10^?9 s.     

基于MOSFET的纳秒级全固态脉冲源设计

采用MOSFET半导体固态开关作为主放电开关取代气体开关、高压二极管替代充电电阻的技术方法,设计了一种基于功率MOSFET固态开关的纳秒级全固态脉冲源。设计的脉冲源主开关级数共5级,每级主开关分别由5只功率MOSFET半导体固态开关器件串联组成,开关通断控制采用脉冲隔离变压器同步驱动方式。在重复频率1 Hz~1 kHz、充电电压4 kV、负载阻抗为1 k条件下,可实现输出幅度大于20 kV、前沿小于10 ns且脉宽大于100 ns的高压快脉冲。通过实验结果验证了所采用的设计原理及方法的可行性,并给出了单次和重复频率（1 kHz）触发信号作用下全固态脉冲源输出的实验结果。     

基于MOSFET的纳秒级全固态脉冲源设计

采用MOSFET半导体固态开关作为主放电开关取代气体开关、高压二极管替代充电电阻的技术方法,设计了一种基于功率MOSFET固态开关的纳秒级全固态脉冲源。设计的脉冲源主开关级数共5级,每级主开关分别由5只功率MOSFET半导体固态开关器件串联组成,开关通断控制采用脉冲隔离变压器同步驱动方式。在重复频率1 Hz~1 kHz、充电电压4 kV、负载阻抗为1 k条件下,可实现输出幅度大于20 kV、前沿小于10 ns且脉宽大于100 ns的高压快脉冲。通过实验结果验证了所采用的设计原理及方法的可行性,并给出了单次和重复频率（1 kHz）触发信号作用下全固态脉冲源输出的实验结果。     

脉冲激光与电化学复合的应力刻蚀加工质量研究

脉冲激光电化学复合加工可以有效去除激光辐照区域内的电解产物, 提高加工效率, 改善加工质量. 针对高性能金属材料的微细加工要求, 采用脉冲激光电化学复合的应力刻蚀加工方法对铝合金的刻蚀特性进行理论和试验研究. 通过比较激光直接刻蚀加工和激光电化学复合加工的特点, 应用扫描电子显微镜、光学轮廓仪等检测技术分析了刻蚀区域的形貌特征. 根据力学电化学原理, 探讨了金属材料微结构加工的应力去除机理. 通过加工试验, 研究了工艺参数和加工方式对加工质量的影响, 采用优化的工艺参数, 加工出了质量较好的微结构. 试验结果表明, 激光电化学复合的连续扫描加工稳定性好, 可以有效地降低表面粗糙度, 提高加工质量. 关键词： 激光电化学 应力刻蚀 加工质量 工艺参数     

等离子体削波纳秒激光脉冲波形测量

实验上采用比对方法测试了激光不经过固体与经过固体介质产生等离子体削波的脉冲波形信号,获得等离子体削波效应产生的脉冲削波倍数。实验结果表明,在波长1.064 m,脉宽1 ns,聚焦透镜焦距100 mm,薄石英片厚度100 m,约束等离子体的小孔直径80 m情况下,等离子体效应产生的脉冲削波倍数为12~14;分别改变石英片厚度和约束等离子体小孔直径,等离子体脉冲削波倍数不变;增加入射激光能量,脉冲削波倍数增加,且经过等离子体后的激光脉冲波形的后沿逐渐出现很陡的下降沿。在产生脉冲削波的截断点位置进行图形拼接重构得到激光脉冲波形信息。     

等离子体削波纳秒激光脉冲波形测量

实验上采用比对方法测试了激光不经过固体与经过固体介质产生等离子体削波的脉冲波形信号,获得等离子体削波效应产生的脉冲削波倍数。实验结果表明,在波长1.064 m,脉宽1 ns,聚焦透镜焦距100 mm,薄石英片厚度100 m,约束等离子体的小孔直径80 m情况下,等离子体效应产生的脉冲削波倍数为12~14;分别改变石英片厚度和约束等离子体小孔直径,等离子体脉冲削波倍数不变;增加入射激光能量,脉冲削波倍数增加,且经过等离子体后的激光脉冲波形的后沿逐渐出现很陡的下降沿。在产生脉冲削波的截断点位置进行图形拼接重构得到激光脉冲波形信息。     

A tuneable, single-mode titanium-doped-sapphire laser source with variable pulse duration in the nanosecond regime

We built and characterized a high-energy, injection-seeded, single-longitudinal-mode pulsed titanium-doped-sapphire laser with tuneable wavelength in the near-infrared and variable pulse temporal duration in the nanosecond regime. We show experimentally how the pulse duration can be easily varied either by changing the cavity length or by changing the pump energy. We successfully interpreted these results on the basis of a theoretical model which treats the operation of this type of laser as a gain-switching technique. Also, as far as the stabilization of the laser cavity, compared to the traditional techniques we employed a novel simplified solution involving the use of an avalanche photodiode.     

Relaxation dynamics of a broadband nanosecond acoustic pulse in a bubbly medium

The first experimental observation of the propagation dynamics of a short broadband acoustic pulse in a resonance medium with gas bubbles is carried out. The probing pulse is generated using the optoacoustic effect. It is shown that the theory of short pulse propagation in media with generalized resonance relaxation adequately and accurately describes the dynamics of short pulse dispersion. A possibility to determine the relaxation and resonance parameters of media by the pulsed testing technique is demonstrated.     

Simulation of nanosecond square pulse fiber laser based on nonlinear amplifying loop mirror

A nanosecond square pulse fiber laser based on the nonlinear amplifying loop mirror(NALM) is numeri-cally analyzed by the nonlinear Schrdinger equation. The fiber cavity with a NALM has a tendency to provide pulse shaping effect with nonlinearity increasing in the NALM,and the nanosecond square pulse is generated by the pulse shaping effect. The numerical results show that the stable square pulse can be obtained when the parameters of the NALM are chosen appropriately. The generated square pulses have flat top and no internal structure.     

高阶模抑制型MILO慢波结构高频特性分析北大核心CSCD

理论分析了高阶模抑制型磁绝缘线振荡器(MILO)慢波结构,推导了其各分区电磁场分布.通过对场分布的进一步分析可以发现,角向开槽使得原始MILO结构中的两个简并的HEM11模式去简并,分裂成为极化方向与开槽方向垂直或平行的两个模式;通过改变慢波结构叶片间开槽角向位置相对关系,可以破坏高阶模式之间π模谐振关系,从而抑制高阶模式的起振,使器件稳定工作在基模.     

声光调Q纳秒脉冲全光纤超连续谱光源

基于声光调Q技术的纳秒脉冲光纤激光超连续谱光源系统为全光纤结构,使用普通的传能光纤作为超连续谱的产生介质,通过改变泵浦功率和调制频率,可获得不同的超连续谱输出。实验结果表明：泵浦功率越大,调制频率越低,传能光纤越长,光谱展宽越宽。当传能光纤为200 m、调制频率为1 kHz、占空比为1.0%、泵浦功率为4.68 W时,获得谱线宽度超过700 nm的超连续谱输出。该系统可作为超连续谱光源的一种参考方案。     

基于声源预估的波叠加组合全息声源识别方法

为解决声源识别中旁瓣效应等因素引起的虚假识别结果问题,提出了基于声源位置预估的波叠加组合全息算法。应用波束形成算法进行声源位置的预估,将预估声压峰值点作为假定声源点,通过波叠加原理建立方程组,利用声源强度求解结果构造完整全息平面,通过声全息方法重新计算重建面声压。进行了仿真和实验验证,经该算法重构后,波束形成算法产生的虚假声源处的声压得以明显降低。表明该算法可以抑制旁瓣效应等因素的影响,提高声源识别的准确率。     

利用声全息方法识别噪声源问题中声源幅值修正的研究

针对利用声全息方法识别噪声源过程中重建声源幅值偏差的问题,分析了偏差产生的原因,井针对点声源的情况提出了一种修正算法。仿真计算和汽车的测量实验证明,采用修正算法后,重建声源幅值的相对大小与实际情况更为接近。     

Time-resolved current response of a nanosecond laser pulse illuminated STM tip

Time-resolved dependence of the transient current through a ns laser pulse illuminated scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip/sample gap in tunneling mode and out of tunneling range is presented. A self-designed fast STM-preamplifier (bandwidth 35 MHz) allows one to resolve the fine structure of the transient signal as well as the observation of some effects that are undetectable by using conventional low-band preamplifiers. The dependence of the threshold laser pulse intensity, which corresponds to the beginning of electron emission from tip (in non-tunneling mode), as a function of the tip/sample distance was investigated. At tip/sample distances from tunnel contact up to approximately 1 μm a linear dependence is found. This behavior is in good agreement with the theory for field enhancement in a STM tip/sample system. In tunneling mode a ns (fast component) as well as a μs (slow component) current response was found as a result of the laser pulse illumination. These data suggest the tip bending to be an important factor in clarifying the thermal/mechanical mechanism of laser-assisted surface nanomodification. Received: 4 May 1998 / Accepted: 29 January 1999 / Published online: 28 April 1999     

Energy transmissivity of high-power nanosecond laser pulse focused on glass

The experimental results show that if the pulse energy is low, the damage does not occur and the corresponding transmissivity is 100%. But with the increase of the pulse energy, the damage occurs and the transmissivity decreases to between 100% and 50%, equal to 50% and lower than 50%.The concept of the cut-off time (T_cut) is proposed to give the physics explanation on it, and by taking the free electron density (FED) and the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT), mathematical simulation of the change law of the T_cut and the corresponding energy transmissivity with the laser energy has been done, respectively. The analysis results indicate that the former definition method can predict all the situations successfully, but the second one cannot predict the situation of the transmissivity being between 100% and 50%, the reasons of this difference also be analyzed.     

Formation of microtower structures on nanosecond laser ablation of liquid metals

We report the formation of microtower structures, observed on multishot nanosecond laser irradiation of liquid metals (Ga, In, Sn–Pb alloy, Wood’s metal). Ablation in a reactive ambient gas (air, nitrogen, sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen trifluoride) is shown to lead to a tower-like structure growing on the irradiated surface at a rate of 3–20 μm per pulse depending on laser fluence and the types of metal and ambient gas. The interplay between different processes in the heat-affected zone of the irradiated samples is analyzed, including ablation, thermal expansion, temperature variations of viscosity, surface tension, thermal stresses, capillary effects, and surface chemistry. A clear picture of microtower origin has been established, and qualitative modeling can explain the formation mechanism.     

纳秒激光烧蚀下液态金属表面微结构的形成(英文)

首次发现了在不同保护气体及多脉冲UV-IR激光的照射下,液态金属的微型突起和微结构的形成。测量表明,针对不同的金属和保护气,这种结构的单脉冲生成速率可达(5～20)μm/pulse,形成了长度为1～2 mm,直径约为焦点两倍的单个微型突起。最后,介绍了控制微结构形状的可能性,并讨论了它们的应用潜力。     

纳秒激光烧蚀下液态金属表面微结构的形成

首次发现了在不同保护气体及多脉冲uV—IR激光的照射下,液态金属的微型突起和微结构的形成。测量表明,针对不同的金属和保护气,这种结构的单脉冲生成速率可达（5—20）μm／pulse,形成了长度为1～2mm,直径约为焦点两倍的单个微型突起。最后,介绍了控制微结构形状的可能性,并讨论了它们的应用潜力。