纳米金聚集复合物放大的计时电位法测定补体C3

报道了一种用金标复合物放大的计时电位法测定补体C3的电化学免疫检测方法.对影响传感器响应的因素如蛋白A固定浓度、抗体包被过程的pH及浓度、金标物混合比等进行了考察.在优化的实验条件下,传感器的信号响应和补体C3的浓度在0.12～117.3 ng/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,检出限达0.02 ng/mL.     

一种基于静电吸附作用的直接检测补体C3新型可再生电容型免疫传感器

通过壳聚糖/褐藻酸钠体系实现抗体在电极上的固定,制得可多次再生的电容型免疫传感器,用于补体C₃的检测.先在金电极表面上组装一层半胱胺单分子层,通过戊二醛把壳聚糖修饰在金电极上,再用十二硫醇封闭电极,最后,利用壳聚糖与褐藻酸钠之间的强静电相互作用实现抗体的固定.使用交流阻抗法研究了溶液pH值和离子强度对电极膜层稳定性及对抗体固定性的影响.结果表明,所制备的传感器操作简便,易于再生,电容响应与补体C₃浓度在18.2～292.5ng/mL范围内呈线性关系,检出限为9.1ng/mL.     

纳米金-蛋白A介导抗体定向固定的压电传感及电化学特性研究

以纳米金为载体标记蛋白A(PA),用于介导抗体在压电石英晶体金电极表面的定向固定化.以补体C_1q抗体为模型,采用压电传感技术实时监察了此敏感界面的免疫反应过程,并考察了与补体C_1q免疫反应的压电响应性能.金标PA固定抗体的方法与传统的直接PA固定化方法相比较,具有传感界面无需活化,固定抗体的免疫活性高等优点,可对相应抗原进行高灵敏的压电免疫检测.分别利用循环伏安和电化学交流阻抗技术对金标PA固定抗体及其免疫反应的动力学过程进行了表征.     

在线催化–气相色谱串联质谱法测定再生塑料原料中C14～C17氯化石蜡

建立在线催化–气相色谱串联质谱技术对再生塑料原料中C₁₄～C₁₇氯化石蜡进行测定。样品经冷冻粉碎后,用正己烷萃取,以SPE固相萃取柱净化分离,采用装有催化衬管的气相色谱串联质谱仪进行测定,C₁₄～C₁₇氯化石蜡经催化脱氯加氢后转化为正构烷烃,经DB–5MS UI色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)分离,多反应监控模式测定,以内标法定量。还原产物C₁₄～C₁₇直链烷烃的质量浓度在20～1 000 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数不小于0.995 5。C₁₄～C₁₇直链烷烃的方法定量限为0.007～0.018 μg/mL,相当于样品中C₁₄～C₁₇的氯化石蜡总和为0.77 μg/g。样品加标回收率为91.3%～104.1%,测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于5.77%(n=6)。该方法适用于再生塑料原料中C₁₄～C₁₇     

基于自组装电化学免疫传感器对污泥中PCB77的检测

构建了一种基于L-半胱氨酸、 壳聚糖、 戊二醛和纳米金层层自组装技术的新型无标记、 高灵敏电流型免疫传感器, 并用于检测3,3',4,4'-四氯联苯(PCB77). 利用示差脉冲法研究了修饰电极表面的电化学特性以及测试溶液的pH值、 孵育时间和温度对免疫传感器性能的影响. 实验结果表明, 该免疫传感器在含不同浓度PCB77的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS, pH=7.4)中于35 ℃下孵育30 min后, 在含有5 mmol/L K₃Fe(CN)₆/K₄Fe(CN)₆(摩尔比1:1)和0.1 mol/L KCl的PBS溶液(pH=6.0)中测定, 响应电流与PCB77浓度在0.1～160 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系, R=0.9964, 检出限为0.01 ng/mL. 该传感器制备简单、 灵敏度高、 稳定性好, 可以重复使用. 将其用于检测实际污泥样品中的PCB77, 回收率为95%～112%.     

基于金属-有机骨架Fe-MIL-88NH2的凝血酶适体传感器

合成了一种含氨基的金属-有机骨架材料Fe-MIL-88NH₂, 并研制一种基于Fe-MIL-88NH₂的适用于快速检测凝血酶的三明治型适体传感器. 以掺杂金纳米颗粒的共价有机框架材料Au NPs@COF-LZU-8复合材料作为固定基质固定凝血酶适体Ⅰ, 凝血酶与适体Ⅰ特异性结合后, 再与通过戊二醛交联制得的凝血酶适体Ⅱ(Apt)-Fe-MIL-88NH₂复合物结合, 采用差分脉冲伏安法直接检测标记物Fe-MIL-88NH₂中铁离子(Fe³⁺)的还原峰电流. Fe-MIL-88NH₂中Fe³⁺的电流响应值与凝血酶浓度在0.5~200 ng/mL范围内呈正比, 线性相关系数为0.987, 检测限为0.167 ng/mL. 该传感器简化了实验步骤, 扩大了MOFs的应用范围, 为设计生物传感器开辟了新思路.     

基于超分子离子晶体的湿度传感构效关系研究

相对湿度是许多领域的关键参数,环境湿度与人们的生活密切相关,因此对湿度进行测量和控制是各个领域中值得关注的问题之一. 在前期的研究中,作者制备了一种新型的超分子离子材料（SIM）,它是由基于咪唑的双阳离子（如1,10-双（3-甲基咪唑-1-基）癸烷,C₁₀(mim)₂）和电活性二阴离子（如2,2'-连氮基-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）,ABTS）组成的,发现其对湿度具有敏感且快速的响应. 在此基础上,本文制备了6种不同碳链（C₄,C₆,C₈,C₁₀,C₁₂,C₁₄）的咪唑基化合物,发现其中3种（C₁₀,C₁₂,C₁₄）可与ABTS形成水稳定的SIM. 循环伏安法、计时电流法以及石英晶体微量天平表征了这些超分子离子材料的湿度传感性能,发现基于C12的SIM具有最佳的湿度传感性能. 同时,SEM结果显示随着碳链的增加,离子材料的厚度变薄并且形态变得不规则. 因此,作者认为疏水作用和材料比表面积均会影响湿度传感的灵敏度. 本研究为发展新的湿度响应的离子传感材料奠定了基础.     

1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体作为可循环溶剂萃取/去除水中二价汞研究

本研究采用1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体([C₈MIM]PF₆)建立了水中Hg²⁺的循环去除方法. 首先使用[C₈MIM]PF₆萃取水中Hg²⁺, 随后通过甲酸的还原反应, 去除萃取到[C₈MIM]PF₆中的Hg²⁺, 进而实现[C₈MIM]PF₆的回收与循环使用. 本研究优化了萃取与还原去除条件, 考察了最佳条件下[C₈MIM]PF₆的循环使用能力. 结果表明, 50 mL水中加入1 mL[C₈MIM]PF₆同时加入0.2 mL 1-甲基咪唑, 50 ℃、220 r/min震荡2 h, 对Hg²⁺的萃取效率接近100%. 随后在离子液体中加入4 mL, 40%甲酸溶液, 50 ℃下220 r/min震荡30 min, 可以将[C₈MIM]PF₆中60%～70%的Hg²⁺还原去除. 采用这一方式对水中Hg²⁺进行循环萃取, 在9次萃取中,[C₈MIM]PF₆对Hg²⁺的去除效率保持在83%～98%. 因此, 本方法不仅实现[C₈MIM]PF₆对水中Hg²⁺的去除, 同时实现了[C₈MIM]PF₆的回收与循环使用, 避免了[C₈MIM]PF₆过度使用所带来的环境问题.     

基于AuNPs/PDDA-GO纳米复合物的电化学免疫传感器的构建及对SirT1蛋白的检测

基于AuNPs/PDDA-GO纳米复合物制备了一种新型电化学免疫传感器, 并将其用于SirT1的检测. 首先, 在电极表面修饰复合材料AuNPs/PDDA-GO, 然后将目标蛋白SirT1固定到修饰了AuNPs/PDDA-GO的电极表面, 再通过特异性免疫反应结合一抗(Ab₁)和辣根过氧化酶标记的二抗分子(HRP-Ab₂), 最后用示差脉冲伏安法检测电流信号, 实现了对SirT1蛋白水平的测定. 在优化的实验条件下, SirT1蛋白的浓度在0.1~100 ng/mL范围内与响应电流呈良好线性关系, 检出限为0.029 ng/mL.     

带有吸电子-Cl基团的供体-受体氮化碳的构建及其光催化性能

聚合物氮化碳(C₃N₄)因具有可见光响应特性、良好的化学稳定性、无毒性等优点而成为一类极具吸引力的光催化剂.遗憾的是,由于本征库仑相互作用,C₃N₄中的光生电子和空穴通常以激子的形式存在,导致迁移到表面的光生电子和空穴数量减少,从而降低了光催化活性,因此人们做了大量的研究工作来促进激子解离成自由电子和空穴.D-A体系可以诱导内部电场的产生,从而促进激子解离成自由电子和空穴,因此,构建供体-受体(D-A)体系是一种有效地促进激子解离的方法.然后在内电场作用下,自由电子和空穴也能够更加容易地转移到共聚物表面,从而发生相应的光催化还原和氧化反应.本文选择了2-氨基-4,6-二氯嘧啶(C₄H₃Cl₂N₃)作为单体,与三聚氰胺共聚形成分子内共聚物(CNCl_x)来构建D-A体系.由于分子结构相似,C₄H₃Cl₂N₃与C₃N₃(NH₂)₃分子具有良好的化学相容性.在共聚过程中,C₄H₃Cl₂N₃在219~222℃升华,三聚氰胺在300℃升华,在温度继续升高到550oC的过程中,气相混合物充分混合并发生共聚反应.在共聚过程中,如果C₄H₃Cl₂N₃分子与C₃N₃(NH₂)₃反应,那么三聚氰胺沿着这个方向的聚合将终止,因此吸电子-Cl基团将全部位于共聚分子的末端.相较于体相C₃N₄,CNCl_x样品活性均有所提高,且随着-Cl基团数量的增加,CNCl_x样品活性先提高后降低,其中CNCl_0.15样品活性最高.CNCl_0.15在可见光下的析氢速率是体相C₃N₄的15.3倍,在420 nm处的表观量子效率为13.6%.对RhB,MO和苯酚的降解速率分别为体相C₃N₄的5.82,7.93和9.53倍.构建分子内D-A体系以后,C₃N₄活性提高主要是因为随着末端-Cl基团的增加,材料的吸光能力和激子解离效率提高.而且-Cl基团也可以充当电子的俘获位点,浓度进一步升高会降低电荷转移的效率使活性降低.EIS的奈奎斯特图和i-t曲线结果表明,CNCl_0.15的电弧半径最小,光电流最大,说明其具有最低的电阻和最高的载流子传输效率.紫外光电子能谱测试结果表明,CNCl_x功函数值较小,电子更容易在内部电场的作用下移动到表面,而过量的-Cl基团增加了CNCl_0.2的功函数值,导致CNCl_0.2样品的光催化活性降低.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.