共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Daniele Bertaccini Gene H. Golub Stefano Serra Capizzano Cristina Tablino Possio 《Numerische Mathematik》2005,99(3):441-484
Summary. We study the role of preconditioning strategies recently developed for coercive problems in connection with a two-step iterative method, based on the Hermitian skew-Hermitian splitting (HSS) of the coefficient matrix, proposed by Bai, Golub and Ng for the solution of nonsymmetric linear systems whose real part is coercive. As a model problem we consider Finite Differences (FD) matrix sequences {An(a,p)}n discretizing the elliptic (convection-diffusion) problem with being a plurirectangle of Rd with a(x) being a uniformly positive function and p(x) denoting the Reynolds function: here for plurirectangle we mean a connected union of rectangles in d dimensions with edges parallel to the axes. More precisely, in connection with preconditioned HSS/GMRES like methods, we consider the preconditioning sequence {Pn(a)}n, Pn(a):= Dn1/2(a)An(1,0) Dn1/2(a) where Dn(a) is the suitably scaled main diagonal of An(a,0). If a(x) is positive and regular enough, then the preconditioned sequence shows a strong clustering at unity so that the sequence {Pn(a)}n turns out to be a superlinear preconditioning sequence for {An(a,0)}n where An(a,0) represents a good approximation of Re(An(a,p)) namely the real part of An(a,p). The computational interest is due to the fact that the preconditioned HSS method has a convergence behavior depending on the spectral properties of {Pn-1(a)Re(An(a,p))}n {Pn-1(a)An(a,0)}n: therefore the solution of a linear system with coefficient matrix An(a,p) is reduced to computations involving diagonals and to the use of fast Poisson solvers for {An(1,0)}n.Some numerical experimentations confirm the optimality of the discussed proposal and its superiority with respect to existing techniques.Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 65F10, 65N22, 15A18, 15A12, 47B65 相似文献
2.
Nobuko Iwahori 《Studies in Applied Mathematics》1982,66(1):53-67
An optimal solution for the following “chess tournament” problem is given. Let n, r be positive integers such that r<n. Put N=2n, R=2r+1. Let XN,R be the set of all ordered pairs (T, A) of matrices of degree N such that T=(tij) is symmetric, A=(aij) is skew-symmetric, tij ∈,{0, 1, 2,…, R), aij ∈{0,1,–1}. Moreover, suppose tii=aii=0 (1?i?N). tij = tik>0 implies j=k, tij=0 is equivalent to aij=0, and |ai1|+|ai2|+…+|aiN|=R (1?i?N). Let p(T, A) be the number of i such that 1?i?N and ai1 + ai2 + … + aiN >0. The main result of this note is to show that max p(T, A) for (T, A)∈XN, R is equal to [n(2r+1)/(r+1)], and a pair (T0, A0) satisfying p(T0, A0)=[n(2r+1)/(r+1)] is also given. 相似文献
3.
J. K. Brooks Kazuyuki Saitô JD Maitland Wright 《Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo》2003,52(1):5-14
LetA be aC*-algebra with second dualA″. Let (φ
n)(n=1,...) be a sequence in the dual ofA such that limφ
n(a) exists for eacha εA. In general, this does not imply that limφ
n(x) exists for eachx εA″. But if limφ
n(p) exists whenever p is the range projection of a positive self-adjoint element of the unit ball ofA, then it is shown that limφ
n(x) does exist for eachx inA″. This is a non-commutative generalisation of a celebrated theorem of Dieudonné. A new proof of Dieudonné’s theorem, for
positive measures, is given here. The proof of the main result makes use of Dieudonné’s original theorem. 相似文献
4.
Let A = (aij) be an n × n Toeplitz matrix with bandwidth k + 1, K = r + s, that is, aij = aj−i, i, J = 1,… ,n, ai = 0 if i > s and if i < -r. We compute p(λ)= det(A - λI), as well as p(λ)/p′(λ), where p′(λ) is the first derivative of p(λ), by using O(k log k log n) arithmetic operations. Moreover, if ai are m × m matrices, so that A is a banded Toeplitz block matrix, then we compute p(λ), as well as p(λ)/p′(λ), by using O(m3k(log2 k + log n) + m2k log k log n) arithmetic operations. The algorithms can be extended to the computation of det(A − λB) and of its first derivative, where both A and B are banded Toeplitz matrices. The algorithms may be used as a basis for iterative solution of the eigenvalue problem for the matrix A and of the generalized eigenvalue problem for A and B. 相似文献
5.
The additive subgroup generated by a polynomial 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
C. -L. Chuang 《Israel Journal of Mathematics》1987,59(1):98-106
SupposeR is a prime ring with the centerZ and the extended centroidC. Letp(x
1, …,x
n) be a polynomial overC in noncommuting variablesx
1, …,x
n. LetI be a nonzero ideal ofR andA be the additive subgroup ofRC generated by {p(a
1, …,a
n):a
1, …,a
n ∈I}. Then eitherp(x
1, …,x
n) is central valued orA contains a noncentral Lie ideal ofR except in the only one case whereR is the ring of all 2 × 2 matrices over GF(2), the integers mod 2. 相似文献
6.
7.
Let χ be an irreducible character of the symmetric group Sn. For an n-by-n matrix A = (aij), define If G is a graph, let D(G) be the diagonal matrix of its vertex degrees and A(G) its adjacency matrix. Let y and z be independent indeterminates, and define L(G) = yD(G) + zA(G). Suppose tn is the number of trees on n vertices and sn is the number of such trees T for which there exists a nonisomorphic tree T? such that dχ(xl - L(T)) = dx(xl - L(T?)) for every irreducible character χ of Sn. Then limn→∞ Sn/tn = 1. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
8.
Derek. K. Chang 《Linear and Multilinear Algebra》2013,61(3-4):313-317
For n 3 and sufficiently small a 0, the minimum value of the permanent function restricted on n × n doubly stochastic matrices with at least one entry equal to a is obtained. For n = 3, the explicit form of the function p is derived where p(a) = min{per(C):C = (cij )?Ω3 c 11 = a}a? [0, 1]. 相似文献
9.
10.
A. Taskaraev 《Mathematical Notes》1998,64(5):658-662
The existence and uniqueness of a surface with given geometric characteristics is one of the important topical problems of
global differential geometry. By stating this problem in terms of analysis, we arrive at second-order elliptic and parabolic
partial differential equations. In the present paper we consider generalized solutions of the Monge-Ampère equation ||z
ij
|| = ϕ(x, z, p) in Λ
n
, wherez = z(x
1,...,z
n
) is a convex function,p = (p
1,...,P
n) = (∂z/∂x
1,...,ϖz/ϖx
n), andz
ij =ϖ
2
z/ϖx
i
ϖx
j. We consider the Cayley-Klein model of the space Λ
n
and use a method based on fixed point principle for Banach spaces.
Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 64, No. 5, pp. 763–768, November, 1998. 相似文献
11.
D.J Hartfiel 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》1985,108(1):230-240
Let Pij and qij be positive numbers for i ≠ j, i, j = 1, …, n, and consider the set of matrix differential equations x′(t) = A(t) x(t) over all A(t), where aij(t) is piecewise continuous, aij(t) = ?∑i ≠ jaij(t), and pij ? aij(t) ? qij all t. A solution x is also to satisfy ∑i = 1nxi(0) = 1. Let Ct denote the set of all solutions, evaluated at t to equations described above. It is shown that , the topological closure of Ct, is a compact convex set for each t. Further, the set valued function , of t is continuous and . 相似文献
12.
Let Atf(x) denote the mean of f over a sphere of radius t and center x. We prove sharp estimates for the maximal function ME f(X) = supt∈E |Atf(x)| where E is a fixed set in IR+ and f is a radial function ∈ Lp(IRd). Let Pd = d/(d?1) (the critical exponent for Stein's maximal function). For the cases (i) p < pd, d ? 2, and (ii) p = pd, d ? 3, and for p ? q ? ∞ we prove necessary and sufficient conditions on E for ME to map radial functions in Lp to the Lorentz space LP,q. 相似文献
13.
Peter Schatte 《Mathematische Nachrichten》1988,137(1):249-256
Let Sn be the sum of n i.i.d.r.v. and let 1(-∞,x)(·) be the indicator function of the interval (-∞, x). Then the sequence 1(-∞, x)(Sn/√n) does not converge for any x. Likewise the arithmetic means of this sequence converge only with probability zero. But the logarithmic means converge with probability one to the standard normal distribution Ø(x). Then for any bounded and a.e. continuous function a(y) the logarithmic means of a(Sn/√n) converge a.s. to a = ∫a(y)dØ(y). The arithmetic means of a(Snk/√n) converge to the same limit a for all subsequences nk = [ck], c > 1. 相似文献
14.
Egbert Harzheim 《Archiv der Mathematik》1999,73(2):114-118
Let n, a, d be natural numbers and A a set of integers of the closed interval [0, n] with | A | = a. Then we establish sharp lower and upper bounds for the number of pairs (x,y) ? A×A(x,y)\in A\times A for which y - x = d. Roughly spoken, we investigate how often a distance d can occur in A. 相似文献
15.
We consider the parametric programming problem (Q
p
) of minimizing the quadratic function f(x,p):=x
T
Ax+b
T
x subject to the constraint Cx≤d, where x∈ℝ
n
, A∈ℝ
n×n
, b∈ℝ
n
, C∈ℝ
m×n
, d∈ℝ
m
, and p:=(A,b,C,d) is the parameter. Here, the matrix A is not assumed to be positive semidefinite. The set of the global minimizers and the set of the local minimizers to (Q
p
) are denoted by M(p) and M
loc
(p), respectively. It is proved that if the point-to-set mapping M
loc
(·) is lower semicontinuous at p then M
loc
(p) is a nonempty set which consists of at most ?
m,n
points, where ?
m,n
= is the maximal cardinality of the antichains of distinct subsets of {1,2,...,m} which have at most n elements. It is proved also that the lower semicontinuity of M(·) at p implies that M(p) is a singleton. Under some regularity assumption, these necessary conditions become the sufficient ones.
Received: November 5, 1997 / Accepted: September 12, 2000?Published online November 17, 2000 相似文献
16.
Let {S
n
} be a random walk on ℤ
d
and let R
n
be the number of different points among 0, S
1,…, S
n
−1. We prove here that if d≥ 2, then ψ(x) := lim
n
→∞(−:1/n) logP{R
n
≥nx} exists for x≥ 0 and establish some convexity and monotonicity properties of ψ(x). The one-dimensional case will be treated in a separate paper.
We also prove a similar result for the Wiener sausage (with drift). Let B(t) be a d-dimensional Brownian motion with constant drift, and for a bounded set A⊂ℝ
d
let Λ
t
= Λ
t
(A) be the d-dimensional Lebesgue measure of the `sausage' ∪0≤
s
≤
t
(B(s) + A). Then φ(x) := lim
t→∞:
(−1/t) log P{Λ
t
≥tx exists for x≥ 0 and has similar properties as ψ.
Received: 20 April 2000 / Revised version: 1 September 2000 / Published online: 26 April 2001 相似文献
17.
18.
Let χ be a character on the symmetric group Sn, and let A = (aij) be an n-by-n matrix. The function dχ(A) = Σσ?Snχ(σ)Πnt = 1atσ(t) is called a generalized matrix function. If χ is an irreducible character, then dχ is called an immanent. For example, if χ is the alternating character, then dχ is the determinant, and if χ ≡ 1, then dχ is called the permanent (denoted per). Suppose that A is positive semidefinite Hermitian. We prove that the inequality holds for a variety of characters χ including the irreducible ones corresponding to the partitions (n ? 1,1) and (n ? 2,1,1) of n. The main technique used to prove these inequalities is to express the immanents as sums of products of principal subpermanents. These expressions for the immanents come from analogous expressions for Schur polynomials by means of a correspondence of D.E. Littlewood. 相似文献
19.
V. M. Petrogradsky 《Monatshefte für Mathematik》2006,49(6):243-249
Let R be a finitely generated associative algebra with unity over a finite field
\Bbb Fq{\Bbb F}_q
. Denote by a
n
(R) the number of left ideals J ⊂ R such that dim R/J = n for all n ≥ 1. We explicitly compute and find asymptotics of the left ideal growth for the free associative algebra A
d
of rank d with unity over
\Bbb Fq{\Bbb F}_q
, where d ≥ 1. This function yields a bound a
n
(R) ≤ a
n
(A
d
),
n ? \Bbb Nn\in{\Bbb N}
, where R is an arbitrary algebra generated by d elements. Denote by m
n
(R) the number of maximal left ideals J ⊂ R such that dim R/J = n, for n ≥ 1. Let d ≥ 2, we prove that m
n
(A
d
) ≈ a
n
(A
d
) as n → ∞. 相似文献
20.
Ming-Huat Lim 《Linear and Multilinear Algebra》2013,61(4):481-496
Let A be a non-empty set and m be a positive integer. Let ≡ be the equivalence relation defined on A m such that (x 1, …, x m ) ≡ (y 1, …, y m ) if there exists a permutation σ on {1, …, m} such that y σ(i) = x i for all i. Let A (m) denote the set of all equivalence classes determined by ≡. Two elements X and Y in A (m) are said to be adjacent if (x 1, …, x m?1, a) ∈ X and (x 1, …, x m?1, b) ∈ Y for some x 1, …, x m?1 ∈ A and some distinct elements a, b ∈ A. We study the structure of functions from A (m) to B (n) that send adjacent elements to adjacent elements when A has at least n + 2 elements and its application to linear preservers of non-zero decomposable symmetric tensors. 相似文献