高压合成La填充型CoSb3方钴矿热电材料及其电输运性能

 采用高温高压手段,在压力3.5 GPa、温度900 K的条件下,成功合成出La填充型方钴矿热电材料La_xCo₄Sb₁₂（0相似文献   

热电材料与发电器件的进展和挑战

热电/温差电效应是一种能够实现热能和电能直接相互转换的环境友好型能源技术,基于该技术的热电发电器件的应用,有望成为缓解能源问题的可行方案.文章主要介绍了中高温区p型和n型热电材料的最新研究进展,重点论述了可能应用于热电发电器件的几种典型热电材料体系的相关优缺点.此外,还回顾了目前中高温区热电发电器件的研究现状,尝试给出...     

Sn1-xGexTe的高温高压合成及热电性能

在众多热电材料中,SnTe具有与PbTe相同的晶体结构且不含重金属Pb,近年来引起了人们的广泛关注。目前,本征SnTe的热电性能并不特别优异,存在以下问题:大量本征Sn空位导致载流子浓度过高,从而降低了电输运性能;价带中的轻带与重带能量劈裂较大,且带隙过窄,不利于通过重带参与电运输提高Seebeck系数;晶格热导率较大。利用高温高压方法快速合成了Ge掺杂的SnTe合金,系统研究了不同Ge含量对SnTe的微观结构和热电性能的影响。结果表明:Ge掺杂能够有效地调控SnTe材料的电运输性能;Ge掺杂使样品的微观结构发生变化,样品晶粒细化,且析出纳米第二相,晶界和纳米相对声子的散射作用降低了热导率;样品Ge_0.2Sn_0.8Te在700 K时的热电优值达到0.35。     

热压工艺参数对n型和p型Bi2Te3基赝三元热电材料电学性能的影响

通过熔炼/研磨/热压方法制备了n型和p型赝三元Bi₂Te₃基的热压合 金样品，测量了由不同工艺参数(热压温度、热压压力)制备的样品Seebeck系数和电导率.分析了热压参数对热电性能产生的影响.特别是发现了增加热压压力和热压温度会使n型和p型热压样品的Seebeck系数和电导率都有所提高，这与单晶和取向晶体材料的Seebeck系数和电导率变化趋势相反的规律显然不同，其结果对热压样品的电学性能提高有积极的影响. 关键词： 热电材料 热压 Seebeck系数 工艺参数     

Bi2Te3 合金低温热电性能及冷能发电研究

利用机械合金化和冷压烧结法制备得到n型和p型Bi₂Te₃基热电材料,在80—300 K温度范围测量了电导率、Seebeck系数,结果表明其具有良好的低温热电性能.采用Bi₂Te₃基热电材料制备出半导体热电器件,并配合附属设备搭建出一套半导体温差发电装置.利用液氮汽化时释放的冷能,对半导体热电器件的发电性能进行实验研究,得出这种半导体热电器件输出电压、输出功率与电流关系式,测得最大的输出功率达到1.33 W,从而证明了冷     

科学研究融入固体物理教学的探索与实践

前沿科学技术融入教学是实现专业知识从学习、应用到创新的重要途径.本文将热电材料科学研究融入到固体物理教学中,利用热电材料研究前沿促进固体物理中晶体结构、晶体的结合、晶格振动与晶体的热学性质、自由电子论和能带理论等基础知识的教学和思考,加强学生对固体物理基础知识的理解、激发学习兴趣,拓展知识层次,培养学生将基础知识用于解决实际问题的科学思维和能力,提高了教学质量.     

热电材料的热输运调控及其在微型器件中的应用

热电能量转换技术是一种利用材料实现热能和电能直接相互转换的清洁能源技术.热电材料的性能是决定热电转换效率的关键因素,而热电材料的性能优化涉及电输运和热输运性能的协同优化.文章介绍了近期热电材料中热输运的调控机制和方法,其中重点论述了基于原子分子层次调控热传导的宽频声子散射效应和横波阻尼效应,以及低维结构和复合材料中的基于纳米微米尺度的微结构调控.最后介绍了室温附近热传导的调控机制及其在高效微型热电器件研发中的应用和进展.     

热电材料研究中的基础物理问题

热电转换技术主要包括利用半导体材料的泽贝克（Seebeck）效应将热能直接转化成电能和利用佩尔捷（Peltier）效应直接将电能转化成热能.文章简单回顾了热电转换材料中的物理效应及相关研究进展,重点介绍了常规热电材料（即窄带半导体）中的一些基本物理问题,其中包括一个好的热电材料应该具有的特性,以及提高半导体材料的电导率和泽贝克系数,降低热导率的物理机制和方法.文章还介绍了近年来电子晶体-声子玻璃类材料以及低维热电材料等热点问题的研究进展.最后还简单讨论了非常规热电材料的研究现状与趋势.     

热电制冷器的过冷特性及其性能的优化综述

固态、体积小、无噪音、可靠性高和绿色环保等优点使得热电制冷器(Thermoelectric cooler,TEC)成为目前应用最为广泛的制冷器件之一.自热电材料问世以来,围绕提升热电制冷性能的研究主要集中于制备高Z值的热电材料.1970年发现的过冷特性则改变了这一现状,使得采用同样材料制作的TIEC可以达到更大的瞬态温...     

热电效应的应用及热电优值提高策略

热电转换是直接将热能与电能进行相互转换的技术, 深空探测器供电、 研究和开发清洁能源、 集成电 路的微型化及可穿戴设备等都对热电材料提出了迫切需求. 为了提高热电性能, 很多创新技术路线被开发出来, 特 别是低维材料的功率因子和热导率容易实现独立调控, 热电性能较三维材料有较大提高, 通过综合运用薄膜厚度、 层内拉伸、 层外压缩及声子晶体设计等调控手段, 能实现功率因子的提高和总热导率的降低, 有望将硒化锡在 3 0 0K~7 7 3K温度区间热电优值提高到2. 5以上, 相信在不久的将来能满足商业应用的要求     

Emerging Theory,Materials, and Screening Methods: New Opportunities for Promoting Thermoelectric Performance

High‐performance thermoelectric materials have attracted immense interest due to the capability of directly converting thermal energy into electrical energy. The correlation and inherent complexity between the thermoelectric parameters pose serious challenges to improving the materials’ thermoelectric performance. Herein, the emerging novel theories in the field of thermoelectrics are summarized, such as the coherent phonon, nanophononic metamaterial, rattling effect, topological phonon, and topological electron. The impacts of these new concepts on thermoelectric performance are then reviewed. Finally, a number of promising thermoelectric materials such as one‐dimensional nanowires, two‐dimensional layered materials, and nanomesh structures are discussed. The advanced understanding of thermal and electrical transport properties in thermoelectric materials is presented herein, providing new opportunities for improving thermoelectric performance.     

Energy band and charge-carrier engineering in skutterudite thermoelectric materials

The binary CoSb₃ skutterudite thermoelectric material has high thermal conductivity due to the covalent bond between Co and Sb, and the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, is very low. The thermal conductivity of CoSb₃ materials can be significantly reduced through phonon engineering, such as low-dimensional structure, the introduction of nano second phases, nanointerfaces or nanopores, which greatly improves their ZT values. The phonon engineering can optimize significantly the thermal transport properties of CoSb₃-based materials. However, the improvement of the electronic transport properties is not obvious, or even worse. Energy band and charge-carrier engineering can significantly improve the electronic transport properties of CoSb₃-based materials while optimizing the thermal transport properties. Therefore, the decoupling of thermal and electronic transport properties of CoSb₃-based materials can be realized by energy band and charge-carrier engineering. This review summarizes some methods of optimizing synergistically the electronic and thermal transport properties of CoSb₃ materials through the energy band and charge-carrier engineering strategies. Energy band engineering strategies include band convergence or resonant energy levels caused by doping/filling. The charge-carrier engineering strategy includes the optimization of carrier concentration and mobility caused by doping/filling, forming modulation doped structures or introducing nano second phase. These strategies are effective means to improve performance of thermoelectric materials and provide new research ideas of development of high-efficiency thermoelectric materials.     

Strategies for discovery and optimization of thermoelectric materials: Role of real objects and local fields

Thermoelectric materials provide a renewable and eco-friendly solution to mitigate energy shortages and to reduce environmental pollution via direct heat-to-electricity conversion. Discovery of the novel thermoelectric materials and optimization of the state-of-the-art material systems lie at the core of the thermoelectric society, the basic concept behind these being comprehension and manipulation of the physical principles and transport properties regarding thermoelectric materials. In this mini-review, certain examples for designing high-performance bulk thermoelectric materials are presented from the perspectives of both real objects and local fields. The highlights of this topic involve the Rashba effect, Peierls distortion, local magnetic field, and local stress field, which cover several aspects in the field of thermoelectric research. We conclude with an overview of future developments in thermoelectricity.     

低维纳米材料热电性能测试方法研究

通过近几十年的研究,人们对于块体及薄膜材料的热电性能已经有了较全面的认识,热电优值ZT的提高取得了飞速的进展,比如碲化铋相关材料、硒化亚铜相关材料、硒化锡相关材料的最大ZT值都突破了2.但是,这些体材料的热电优值距离大规模实用仍然有较大的差距.通过理论计算得知,当块体热电材料被制作成低维纳米结构材料时,比如二维纳米薄膜、一维纳米线,热电性能会得到显著的改善,具有微纳米结构材料的热电性能研究引起了科研人员的极大兴趣.当块体硅被制作成硅纳米线时,热电优值改善了将近100倍.然而,微纳米材料的热电参数测量极具挑战,因为块体材料的热电参数测量方法和测试平台已经不再适用于低维材料,需要开发出新的测量方法和测试平台用来研究低维材料的热导率、电导率和塞贝克系数.本文综述了几种用于精确测量微纳米材料热电参数的微机电结构,包括双悬空岛、单悬空岛、悬空四探针结构,详细介绍了每一种微机电结构的制备方法、测量原理以及对微纳米材料热电性能测试表征的实例.     

PbSe-MnSe纳米复合热电材料的微结构和电热输运性能

相比于常见的热电材料PbTe, 另一种硫族铅化合物PbSe具有熔点高、Se储量更丰富等优势, 从而越来越受到科学界的关注. 本文采用熔融淬火结合快速热压烧结工艺制备了Pb_0.98-xMn_xNa_0.02Se(0 ≤x ≤ 0.12)纳米复合热电材料, 系统地研究了不同Mn含量对材料微纳结构、机械性能和热电性能的影响规律. 发现纳米复合样品中有面心立方结构的MnSe球状和薄层状析出物, 显微硬度得到显著增强. 少量固溶的Mn增加了能带简并度, 使功率因子提高, 球状析出物使声子散射增强、热导率降低, 体系的热电优值ZT得到优化; 但是当Mn含量更高时, 赛贝克系数趋于饱和, 连续析出物使晶格热导率反常增大, ZT 没有得到进一步改善. 通过进一步调节Na含量优化了载流子浓度, 获得了ZT=0.65的PbSe-MnSe纳米复合热电材料.     

机器学习在热电材料领域的应用

在追求可持续发展的未来,热电材料是不可或缺的.它在全固态发电和制冷方面具有十分广泛的应用前景.在过去的几十年间,人们一直致力于寻找新型高性能热电材料.然而,传统的实验试错法效率较低,限制了新材料的研究步伐.机器学习作为一种具有强大数据分析能力的方法,近年来已越来越多地应用于热电材料的研究.这篇综述总结了热电材料研究领域常用的机器学习方法,系统地介绍了它们在材料结构、电子和热电输运等性质上的应用案例和相关研究进展,并对该领域的发展前景进行了展望.     

Recent advances in organic,inorganic, and hybrid thermoelectric aerogels

The thermoelectric(TE)materials and corresponding TE devices can achieve direct heat-to-electricity conversion,thus have wide applications in heat energy harvesting(power generator),wearable electronics and local cooling.In recent years,aerogel-based TE materials have received considerable attention and have made remarkable progress because of their unique structural,electrical and thermal properties.In this review,the recent progress in both organic,inorganic,and composite/hybrid TE aerogels is systematically summarized,including the main constituents,preparation method,TE performance,as well as factors affecting the TE performance and the corresponding mechanism.Moreover,two typical aerogel-based TE devices/generators are compared and analyzed in terms of assembly modes and output performance.Finally,the present challenges and some tentative suggestions for future research prospects are provided in conclusion.     

Geometry Optimization of Thermoelectric Modules: Deviation of Optimum Power Output and Conversion Efficiency

Besides the material research in the field of thermoelectrics, the way from a material to a functional thermoelectric (TE) module comes alongside additional challenges. Thus, comprehension and optimization of the properties and the design of a TE module are important tasks. In this work, different geometry optimization strategies to reach maximum power output or maximum conversion efficiency are applied and the resulting performances of various modules and respective materials are analyzed. A Bi₂Te₃-based module, a half-Heusler-based module, and an oxide-based module are characterized via FEM simulations. By this, a deviation of optimum power output and optimum conversion efficiency in dependence of the diversity of thermoelectric materials is found. Additionally, for all modules, the respective fluxes of entropy and charge as well as the corresponding fluxes of thermal and electrical energy within the thermolegs are shown. The full understanding and enhancement of the performance of a TE module may be further improved.     

Material parameters for thermoelectric performance

The thermoelectric performance of a thermoelement is ideally defined in terms of the so-called figure-of-meritZ = α²σ/λ, where α,σ and λ refer respectively to the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of the thermoelement material. However, there are other parameters which are fairly good indicators of a material’s thermoelectric ‘worth’. A simple yet useful performance indicator is possible with only two parameters — energy gap and lattice thermal conductivity. This indicator can outline all potentially useful thermoelectric materials. Thermal conductivity in place of lattice thermal conductivity can provide some additional information about the temperature range of operation. Yet another performance indicator may be based on the slope of α vs. ln σ plots. α plotted against ln σ shows a linear relationship in a simplified model, but shows a variation with temperature and carrier concentration. Assuming that such a relationship is true for a narrow range of temperature and carrier concentration, one can calculate the slope m of α vs. ln σ plots against temperature and carrier concentrations. A comparison between the variation ofZT and slopem suggests that such plots may be useful to identify potential thermoelectric materials.     

Recent advances on thermoelectric materials

By converting waste heat into electricity through the thermoelectric power of solids without producing greenhouse gas emissions, thermoelectric generators could be an important part of the solution to today’s energy challenge. There has been a resurgence in the search for new materials for advanced thermoelectric energy conversion applications. In this paper, we will review recent efforts on improving thermoelectric efficiency. Particularly, several novel proof-of-principle approaches such as phonon disorder in phonon-glass-electron crystals, low dimensionality in nanostructured materials and charge-spin-orbital degeneracy in strongly correlated systems on thermoelectric performance will be discussed.