振动颗粒物质“巴西果”分离效应实验和理论研究

本文通过实验和理论研究了影响"巴西果"分离的因素及其物理机理. 分析了振动加速度、大小颗粒尺寸和密度对分离时间的影响, 并利用流体模型对分离时间作估算, 对实验结果进行定性解释. 结果表明在振动频率固定时, 调节振动加速度是控制"巴西果"分离的一个主要手段. 振动加速度存在一个临界值, 当高于此临界值时, "巴西果"分离的主要物理机理由对流机理转变为几何填空机理, 且振动加速度对分离影响变小, 大颗粒尺寸对分离的影响增大. 可通过调节大颗粒的尺寸来改变分离效果. 当大、 小颗粒密度比为1时, 仍会出现"巴西果"分离现象. 增大小颗粒尺寸或密度可以促进"巴西果"分离.     

振动颗粒混合物中的三明治式分离

在竖直振动两种颗粒的混合物的实验中，观察到了一种新的分离现象——“三明治”式分离，即大而重的颗粒被夹在两层小的轻颗粒之间.这不同于“巴西果”效应导致的大而重的颗粒在上的两层有序结构.实验表明当振动加速度大于某个临界值时这种三层有序将取代两层结构，而且是稳定的.实验中观察到导致“三明治”式分离的两种不同的分离过程.对这两种过程的物理机理及其与振动加速度、振动频率及颗粒尺寸等因素的关系做了研究，并给出了相图. 关键词： 颗粒物质 振动 有序结构 三明治式分离 巴西果效应     

颗粒密度对旋转筒内二元颗粒体系分离的影响

用分子动力学的方法研究了颗粒密度对旋转筒内二元颗粒体系混合与分离的影响. 当增大粒度较小的颗粒密度时, 颗粒体系表现为巴西果效应, 而增加粒度较大的颗粒密度时, 分离状态则会发生反转, 表现为反巴西果效应. 进一步的研究发现二元颗粒体系的分离指数与颗粒的密度比之间存在定量的关系, 并利用Hong的渗流与凝聚竞争机理理论对密度分离状态的反转现象给予了理论解释.     

垂直振动作用下二元混合颗粒分层的动态循环反转

在对垂直振动下的铜颗粒和氧化铝颗粒混合物的研究中,除了观测到巴西果分层和混合分层外,还发现了一种新的随时间周期变化的分离形态. 此分离形态可随着时间的演化,在巴西果、反巴西果和三明治这几种分层构型之间进行动态的循环反转. 给出了这种反转态出现的相区,并且观测了其动态转变的规律. 根据碰撞、磨擦及空气的耗散作用所产生的耗散结构对循环反转态的出现给出了定性的解释,并通过实验证实这种分层构型与空气的存在有密切的关系. 关键词： 颗粒物质 巴西果效应 相分离     

振动颗粒物质中倍周期运动对尺寸分离的影响

实验研究了竖直振动颗粒床中,倍周期运动对尺寸分离的影响.实验中,当振动加速度足够大时,系统中出现稳定的对称对流,进一步增大振动加速度到某个临界值时,还会出现倍周期运动.观察表明,背景颗粒的对流运动对分离过程起主导作用,对流速度决定着分离过程的快慢,而在2倍周期和4倍周期分岔之后,分离时间有所减慢.对引起对流运动的起因进行了分析,以此为基础分析了倍周期运动产生影响的物理机理,并对分离时间进行了定量计算,结果与实验值符合很好. 关键词： 颗粒物质 “巴西果”效应 倍周期分岔 对流     

巴西果效应分离过程的计算颗粒力学模拟研究

采用离散单元模型对巴西果问题进行了模拟研究,采用本数学模型可以准确地预测出垂直机械振动导致的不同大小颗粒的分离现象.分析了影响振动床内颗粒分层的因素,讨论了振动频率、振动幅度等参数对分层的影响,发现振动频率和振动幅度会对分离效果造成较大的影响.当振动频率或振动幅度较小时,颗粒整体分离效果都较差,但分离的稳定性较好,当振动频率或振动幅度较大时,整体分离效果仍然较差,同时分离的稳定性也较差,振动分离过程中存在一个频率和振幅适中的最优操作点. 关键词： 分层 振动 模式形成 离散单元方法     

振动条件下颗粒的分离现象

介绍并分析比较了竖直振动条件下巴西坚果效应与反巴西坚果效应形成的机制和转化条件,以及水平振动下颗粒的分离现象,提出一些意见和建议.     

不同振动模式下颗粒分离行为的数值模拟

利用三维离散元法对垂直方向上的直线、圆和椭圆振动模式颗粒分离过程进行了数值模拟研究,对直线振动时上层大颗粒的波动及圆和椭圆振动时出现的聚集、循环等现象的形成机理进行了分析,并讨论了振动强度对各振动模式下颗粒分离形态的影响规律. 研究表明,综合运用空隙填充、侧面驱动的颗粒运动和能量非均匀分布三种机理,并结合颗粒群的速度矢量分布情况能够较好地解释各振动模式下的颗粒分离行为. 振动强度对圆和椭圆振动模式的分离形态具有显著的影响,并在振动强度约为3时,各种振动模式均具有良好的颗粒分离效果和稳定的颗粒运动状态. 关键词： 振动模式 颗粒分离 离散元法 数值模拟     

不同振动模式下颗粒分离行为的数值模拟

利用三维离散元法对垂直方向上的直线、圆和椭圆振动模式颗粒分离过程进行了数值模拟研究,对直线振动时上层大颗粒的波动及圆和椭圆振动时出现的聚集、循环等现象的形成机理进行了分析,并讨论了振动强度对各振动模式下颗粒分离形态的影响规律. 研究表明,综合运用空隙填充、侧面驱动的颗粒运动和能量非均匀分布三种机理,并结合颗粒群的速度矢量分布情况能够较好地解释各振动模式下的颗粒分离行为. 振动强度对圆和椭圆振动模式的分离形态具有显著的影响,并在振动强度约为3时,各种振动模式均具有良好的颗粒分离效果和稳定的颗粒运动状态.     

湿颗粒分离中的液桥力作用及临界分离初速度

利用液桥理论研究了湿颗粒分离过程中在液桥力作用下颗粒速度的变化规律,运用组合的4/5阶龙格-库塔-芬尔格算法求解了液桥拉伸过程颗粒的运动方程,计算了分离100种等径湿颗粒以及从平面上分离湿颗粒所需的临界分离初速度.研究表明:湿颗粒的分离引起粒间液桥的拉伸,使颗粒分离速度随着颗粒表面间距的增加而迅速衰减,在液桥断裂前若颗粒速度衰减为零,则湿颗粒不能实现分离.湿颗粒的分离需要一临界分离初速度,在工业上可通过碰撞、振动、气力等方式施加.水分的增加使得湿颗粒难分的主要原因是液桥的断裂变难,并非增大的液桥力.     

Segregation by thermal diffusion in moderately dense granular mixtures

A theory based on a solution of the inelastic Enskog equation that goes beyond the weak dissipation limit is used to determine the thermal diffusion factor of a binary granular mixture under gravity. The Enskog equation that aims to describe moderate densities neglects velocity correlations but retains spatial correlations arising from volume exclusion effects. As expected, the thermal diffusion factor provides a segregation criterion that shows the transition between the Brazil-nut effect (BNE) and the reverse Brazil-nut effect (RBNE) by varying the parameters of the system (masses, sizes, composition, density and coefficients of restitution). The form of the phase diagrams for the BNE/RBNE transition is illustrated in detail in the tracer limit case, showing that the phase diagrams depend sensitively on the value of gravity relative to the thermal gradient. Two specific situations are considered: i) absence of gravity, and ii) homogeneous temperature. In the latter case, after some approximations, our results are consistent with previous theoretical results derived from the Enskog equation. Our results also indicate that the influence of dissipation on thermal diffusion is more important in the absence of gravity than in the opposite limit. The present analysis, which is based on a preliminary short report of the author (Phys. Rev. E 78, 020301(R) (2008)), extends previous theoretical results derived in the dilute limit case.     

Reversing the Brazil-nut effect: competition between percolation and condensation

We report on experiments on vertically shaken binary granular mixtures, which separate into their components due to the external excitation. This well-known phenomenon, where large particles rise to the top of the mixture, is called the Brazil-nut effect. Recent theoretical findings predict also a reverse Brazil-nut effect, where large particles sink to the bottom of the container. We choose spherical beads of various diameters and materials in order to observe the transition from Brazil-nut effect to its reverse form. The direction of demixing depends sensitively on the external excitation, so that it is possible to switch between both effects for a given mass density ratio.     

颗粒物质的两个典型效应及其研究现状的分析

概述了颗粒物质领域中粮仓现象和巴西坚果效应两个典型现象及其解释理论，分析其理论的成功和不足之处，并给出了一些看法。     

A horizontal Brazil-nut effect and its reverse

Transport effects in a monolayer consisting of a binary granular mixture, confined in a horizontally vibrating circular dish, are studied experimentally and compared with a reduced theoretical model. Depending on the ratio of the particles' material density and size, migration of the larger particles occurs either towards the boundary or to the center of the circular container. These directed motions show similarities to the Brazil-nut effect and its reverse form.     

Segregation behavior of magnetic ions in continuous flowing solution under gradient magnetic field

The research of magnetic separation starts from magnetic solid particles to nanoparticles, and in the research progress,particles become smaller gradually with the development of application of magnetic separation technology. Nevertheless,little experimental study of magnetic separation of molecules and ions under continuous flowing conditions has been reported. In this work, we designed a magnetic device and a "layered" flow channel to study the magnetic separation at the ionic level in continuous flowing solution. A segregation model was built to discuss the segregation behavior as well as the factors that may affect the separation. The magnetic force was proved to be the driving force which plays an indispensable role leading to the segregation and separation. The flow velocity has an effect on the segregation behavior of magnetic ions,which determines the separation result. On the other hand, the optimum flow velocity which makes maximum separation is related to the initial concentration of solution.     

Effects of inducer continuity on auditory stream segregation: comparison of physical and perceived continuity in different contexts

The factors influencing the stream segregation of discrete tones and the perceived continuity of discrete tones as continuing through an interrupting masker are well understood as separate phenomena. Two experiments tested whether perceived continuity can influence the build-up of stream segregation by manipulating the perception of continuity during an induction sequence and measuring streaming in a subsequent test sequence comprising three triplets of low and high frequency tones (LHL-[ellipsis (horizontal)]). For experiment 1, a 1.2-s standard induction sequence comprising six 100-ms L-tones strongly promoted segregation, whereas a single extended L-inducer (1.1 s plus 100-ms silence) did not. Segregation was similar to that following the single extended inducer when perceived continuity was evoked by inserting noise bursts between the individual tones. Reported segregation increased when the noise level was reduced such that perceived continuity no longer occurred. Experiment 2 presented a 1.3-s continuous inducer created by bridging the 100-ms silence between an extended L-inducer and the first test-sequence tone. This configuration strongly promoted segregation. Segregation was also increased by filling the silence after the extended inducer with noise, such that it was perceived like a bridging inducer. Like physical continuity, perceived continuity can promote or reduce test-sequence streaming, depending on stimulus context.     

功率超声对Al-Si合金凝固过程中溶质偏析的抑制效应

研究了功率超声作用下，直径为10 mm Al-1%Si合金键合线水平连铸坯的微观组织形貌以及溶质元素在基体中的分布情况.实验结果表明：在功率超声作用下，铸坯的凝固组织得到了细化，Si元素在α(Al)基体中的固溶度及其分布的均匀性得到了提高，溶质偏析得到了抑制.从功率超声对Al-1%Si合金凝固过程中的溶质扩散，结晶温度间隔，液穴形态，温度场和流动场以及合金微观组织形貌的影响出发，尝试性地对功率超声抑制溶质元素微观偏析的机理进行探讨性的解释和说明. 关键词： 功率超声 水平连铸 Al-1%Si合金 溶质偏析