像增强器信噪比测试仪中数字滤波器的设计

在像增强器的信噪比(SNR,Signal-Noise Ratio )测试中,需要获得10 Hz以下的信号,采用常规硬件电路实现的滤波器存在结构复杂、效果不理想的缺点.根据像增强器的信噪比测试特点,设计了有限长单位脉冲响应数字滤波器(FIR DF,Finite Impulse Response Digital Filter),应用到像管信噪比测试仪中,实现信噪比的测试.     

基于薄膜干涉滤光片的线性调谐滤光器

基于薄膜干涉滤光片角度调谐的基本原理,提出并实现了一种线性调谐滤光器。利用步进电机控制薄膜干涉滤光片的入射角,通过优化机构装置参量,使步进电机旋转角成为线性控制变量。通过应用多层介质薄膜的膜系特征矩阵以及机构装置的几何关系,从理论上得到了滤光片的峰值波长随步进电机的旋转角之间的变化关系曲线,证明线性调谐滤光器具有可行性。设计了一个包括步进电机控制电路在内的实验装置,在1548~1561nm的波长调谐范围内,取得了线性误差在±0.6nm以下的实验结果。     

A Methodology for Long Time Constant Log-Domain Filters in CMOS

A simple methodology for implementation of low-order, current-mode, log-domain filters in CMOS technology is presented. The key transistors in the circuit are operated in weak inversion and in contrast with previous approaches may pass into the triode regime. The concept is particularly suited to implementation in silicon-on-insulator technology, because dielectric isolation of the transistors eliminates leakage currents, and because influence of the body effect on circuit function is limited. Very long time constants, on the order of 1 s or more, are obtainable. A simple elaboration of the basic unit circuit allows the time constant to be controlled by a bias current.Patrick Shoemaker received the B.A., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Bioengineering from the University of California, San Diego. From 1984 to 1998 he was an engineer with the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center in San Diego, where he worked on modeling and implementation of artificial neural networks, and analog and mixed-signal circuit design. Since 1998 he has been with Tanner Research in Pasadena, California, where his work has focused on biological information processing (in particular, insect vision) and on biomimetic analog integrated circuits. Dr. Shoemaker is a member of the IEEE and the International Neural Network Society.     

乘性色噪声和加性双值噪声作用下延迟双稳系统中的随机共振

研究了在乘性和加性色噪声以及加性非对称双值噪声作用下方波信号驱动的延迟双稳系统中的随机共振现象。基于小延迟近似,在绝热近似条件下推导出了系统输出信噪比(Signal-to-Noise Ratio, SNR)的解析形式。分析结果表明,随着双值噪声强度与非对称性参数、方波信号幅度以及乘性和加性色噪声强度的变化,SNR表现出了随机共振行为。随着延迟时间、色噪声相关时间和系统参数的增大,SNR作非单调变化。     

Systematic Generation of Current-Mode Linear Transformation Filters Based on Multiple Output CCIIs

A transformation called current-mode linear transformation (CMLT) and its filter applications using multiple output second-generation current conveyors (MOCCIIs) are presented. The systematic method is developed to realize CMLT MOCCII-based filters efficiently. Based on the proposed design tables, we can synthesize high-order current-mode all-pole and elliptic filters with MOCCIIs, grounded resistors and capacitors. Moreover, the high-frequency elliptic filter can also be efficiently realized by adding capacitors to the relative all-pole filter, although floating capacitors are needed. Third-order Chebychev and elliptic lowpass filters are described in this paper. Experimental results that confirm the theoretical analysis are obtained. Furthermore, the proposed circuits can be extended to higher-order filters.     

Selective Digital Filters with Linear Phase

A method for synthesis of digital bandpass and bandstop filters obtained by parallel connection of two allpass networks, is considered. A procedure is based on allpass network linear phase approximation at three levels in mini-max sense, which enables obtaining of selectivedigital filters in form of elliptic filters with linear phase in both passband and stopband.     

Design of 3-D Noncausal Filters with Small Roundoff Noise and No Overflow Oscillations

The contribution of this paper consists of two individual parts. First, an invertible mapping technique is presented for 3-D digital system design, and it is applied to approximate 3-D noncausal filters in the spatial domain. Secondly, an algorithm is proposed for obtaining a structure for 3-D IIR filters with small roundoff noise and no overflow oscillations. The design of noncausal filters can be carried out by three steps: 1), a given noncausal impulse response is transformed into the first octant using the proposed 3-D invertible mapping technique; 2), the transformed impulse response in the first octant is approximated by balanced model reduction of 3-D separable denominator systems;3), the resultant 3-D IIR filter is transformed back to the original coordinates.     

一种伪码捕获方法的改进

介绍了直接序列扩频系统的组成,分别给出了传统伪码捕获的方法和一种改进后的捕获方法。从理论上分析了2种方法的性能差别。通过分别在扩频系统中的实际应用,记录获取了大量的实验数据。经过数据的统计分析,验证了这2种方法的实际性能差别,进而得到一种在低信噪比下性能优于传统方法的伪码快速捕获方法。     

A Study of Different Class AB Log Domain First Order Filters

Several different class AB log-domain/translinear filters are compared in terms of their noise and distortion behavior using both analytical and simulation results. A few of the circuit topologies shown have not been considered before and are derived using a new theory for class AB dynamical circuits recently proposed. The study, although approximate, suggests ways in which both noise and distortion performance may be optimized by appropriate choice of circuit topology. Other practical aspects of the designs are also discussed.     

Improved Biquad Structures Using Double-Output Transconductance Blocks for Tunable Continuous-Time Filters

A family of g_m-C biquad structures is derived. These biquads require only a pair of grounded capacitors and three transconductors. It is shown that a pair of complex zeros can be realized simply by replicating the output stage of the transconductance block, thereby constructing a second output current that is proportional to the original output current. Although these biquad structures are very compact, they allow independent programming of the filter's center frequency andQ . IC simulations and measurements are presented using a fifth-order tunable filter as an example.     

一种针对拖尾噪声的消噪效果衡量准则

文中由于拖尾噪声有更多的异常值，利用传统的消噪效果评价标准不能客观地评价不同消噪方法对拖尾噪声的抑制能力，文中提出利用信噪比提高值和最大误差值两个量来衡量不同方法的消噪效果，并给出了具体计算公式。实验结果表明，与传统的评价方法相比，文中所提的量化方法能更客观地评价不同方法对拖尾噪声的抑制能力。     

Synthesis of Log-Domain Filters from First-Order Building Blocks

Log-domain filters are an important class of current-mode circuits having large-signal linearity and increased tuning range over voltage-mode filter circuits of similar complexity. In this paper we describe synthesis of a single-ended, first-order filter circuit from static and dynamic translinear circuit principles, and show how higher-order filters can be easily constructed from the first-order building block. We address additional issues related to low-frequency (audio-frequency) filter design and present results measured from test circuits and a complete 15-channel filterbank system fabricated in 2 m and 1.2 m BiCMOS processes.     

CMOS宽带线性可变增益低噪声放大器设计

文章设计了一种48MHz~860MHz宽带线性可变增益低噪声放大器,该放大器采用信号相加式结构电路、控制信号转换电路和电压并联负反馈技术实现。详细分析了线性增益控制、输入宽带匹配和噪声优化方法。采用TSMC0.18μm RF CMOS工艺对电路进行设计,仿真结果表明,对数增益线性变化范围为-5dB~18dB,最小噪声系数为2.9dB,S11和S22小于-10dB,输入1dB压缩点大于-14.5dBm,在1.8V电源电压下,功耗为45mW。     

基于红外探测器的前置放大器噪声特性分析

红外探测器的快速发展引起了国内外的广泛关注,但其读出电路的发展却相对滞后。如何降低电路噪声是读出电路研究热点之一,本文就红外探测器的电压型和跨导型两种基本结构前置放大器,建立了噪声等价模型,分析比较了其信噪比。并根据具体探测器对前置放大器进行了优化设计,以广泛适用于各种类型的红外探测器。     

改进权值算法在物联网噪声过滤中应用

提出了一种自适应线性权值算法过滤传感网散粒噪声,算法首先提取散粒噪声的特征参数,然后对参数进行线性迭代变换,计算获得自适应权值参数,从而有效实现对散粒噪声的过滤。实验结果表明,该算法能过滤传感网中的散粒噪声,且效果良好。     

Noise Analysis of Analog Correlator

A noise model for the analog correlator used in the ultra wideband receivers is proposed due to lack of simulation capability on noise performance of the correlator in current EDA tools.The analog correlator circuit is divided into several parts to calculate the equivalent noise sources respectively.The ideal impulse generators,instead of the noise sources,are then applied to obtain the time varying transfer functions.Fourier transforms are carried out to explore the relationship between the noise input and output in frequency domain for each part.Then the symmetrical noise sources are grouped together and the periodicity of the circuit is utilized to further simplify the model.This model can be used to evaluate noise performance of the correlator.     

模拟相关器的噪声分析

给出了分析模拟相关器的噪声模型.将相关器分成不同的几个子模块后,对各模块分别计算等效噪声源.然后用理想脉冲源代替噪声源计算电路的时变传输函数,接着用傅里叶变换计算输入输出的频域关系.利用电路的对称结构合并对称的子模块可以进一步简化模型.该模型可以用来估计相关器的噪声性能.     

高斯白噪声经过线性系统后等效带宽特性研究

以随机信号经过线性系统理论为基础,研究了加性高斯白噪声经过滤波器后的带宽特性、等效带宽特性以及两者的关系,推导了以低通滤波器为例的线性系统的带宽和等效带宽公式。分析结果表明,等效带宽是说明线性系统滤波能力的一个重要参数,简单的使用带宽参数代替噪声等效带宽参数将使线性系统输出噪声功率的计算值增加,从而导致系统输出信噪比偏低,影响系统抗噪或滤波性能的评价。     

射频直接采样系统中等效相位噪声模型分析

为了分析射频直接采样系统中的等效相位噪声模型,文中给出了射频直接采样接收机的简化构架,然后理论推导了射频直接采样接收机采样输出信噪比与采样时钟之间的关系表达式。最后,通过建立仿真实验平台对推导结论进行了实验验证,结果表明:射频直接采样系统对采样时钟的频谱纯度要求高,采样输出的信噪比和无杂散动态范围会在时钟信号频谱的基础上恶化。射频直接采样系统可视为射频本振混频和量化采样的过程,其等效相位噪声模型与常规超外差式接收机是一致的。     

电报噪声作用下线性系统的随机共振

研究了当系统的阻尼率、固有频率和激励信号受色电报作用时,二阶过阻尼线性系统中的随机共振现象。通过线性系统理论和相关删去法,得到了系统平均输出幅度增益的精确表达式。系统平均输出幅度增益是电报噪声的强度、相关率、系统的阻尼率、固有频率以及激励信号的频率的非单调函数;适当的噪声参数和系统参数可以使有噪声情况下的输出幅度增益大于无噪声时的输出幅度增益;通过改变噪声参数和系统参数可以提高系统的输出幅值增益。此方法适用于电报噪声环境中线性系统的微弱信号检测。