颗粒材料柱体崩塌物质点法数值模拟

为了研究颗粒材料崩塌的运动规律和堆积特性,采用物质点法对颗粒材料柱体崩塌试验进行数值模拟,并将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比验证。对颗粒材料柱体崩塌过程中颗粒的流动特性(滑动距离、堆积高度、速度、能量和动能通量的演化)进行了分析。进一步探究了颗粒材料柱体高宽比对颗粒流动能通量的影响,从而反应颗粒材料柱体崩塌过程中颗粒流的破坏能力。颗粒材料柱体高宽比越大,颗粒材料柱体外侧边缘颗粒速度越大,其溃散的程度更加强烈,并且滑动距离和动能均在增大。对于动能通量的分布,水平方向越靠近初始颗粒材料柱体,动能通量越大。     

Numerical modeling of fluid-particle interaction in granular media

Fluid-particle interaction underpins important behavior of granular media. Particle-scale simulation may help to provide key microscopic information governing the interaction and offer better understanding of granular media as a whole. This paper presents a coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD-DEM) approach for this purpose. The granular particle system is modeled by DEM, while the fluid flow is simulated by solving the locally averaged Navier–Stokes equation with CFD. The coupling is considered by exchanging such interaction forces as drag force and buoyancy force between the DEM and CFD. The approach is benchmarked by two classic geomechanics problems for which analytical solutions are available, and is further applied to the prediction of sand heap formation in water through hopper flow. It is demonstrated that the key characteristic of granular materials interacting with pore water can be successfully captured by the proposed method.     

Numerical simulations of shock-induced load transfer processes in granular media using the discrete element method

By the discrete element method (DEM), we perform numerical simulations of shock-induced load transfer processes in granular layers composed of spherical particles packed in vertical channels. In order to isolate the load transfer through the grains’ contact points from the complicated load transfer processes, we simulate the shock wave interactions with granular layers having no permeability for gas. The shock loading is achieved by applying a downward step force on the top of the granular layers. Complex, three-dimensional load transfer processes in the granular media, which are extremely difficult to understand from experiments, are visualized based on the results from the present DEM simulation. The numerical results show that highly concentrated load transfer paths, through which shock loads are transferred mainly, exist in the granular media, and that the dimensions of the container of the granular media considerably affect the shock-induced load transfer processes. From a coarse-grained representation of intergranular stress, wave-like load transfer processes are clearly observed. For relatively deep granular layers, however, the wave fronts became unclear as they propagated.     

连续小波变换离散化的爆炸振动特征分析

应用连续小波变换的离散化关系,针对一个改进的L-P（littlewood-paley）小波基函数,给出了一种实现频率完全分割的时频特征分析方法,并对爆炸振动时频特征进行了研究。80 kg TNT地面爆炸时地面垂向振动速度的时间能量密度分布情况表明,在质点振动峰值速度到达时刻爆炸振动的频率范围比较宽,而其他时刻的振动频率相对较为集中,时频能量分布的峰值正好对应于爆炸振动速度的峰值到达时间。基于小波变换的爆炸振动频谱特征与Fourier变换的结果具有良好的一致性。此外,还给出了利用小波变换结果建立爆炸振动随机演变理论模型的基本方法。     

Discrete element method-based studies on dynamic interactions of a lugged wheel with granular media

Terramechanics plays an important role in determining the design and control of autonomous robots and other vehicles that move on granular surfaces. Traction capabilities, slippage, and sinkage of a robot are governed by the interaction of a robot’s appendage with the operating terrain. It is important to understand how the terrain flows under this appendage during such an interaction. In this work, dynamics of soil performance and locomotion performance of a lugged wheel travelling on soft soil are numerically investigated. Studies are conducted with a two-dimensional model by using the discrete element method to analyze the interactions between a lugged wheel and the soil. The soil performance is studied by examining the force distribution and evolution of force networks during the course of the wheel travel. For two different control modes, namely, slip-based wheel control and angular velocity-based wheel control, the performance parameters such as, sinkage, traction, traction efficiency, and power consumption of the wheel are compared for various wheel configurations. The findings of this work are expected to be useful for optimal design and control of the lugged wheel travelling on deformable surfaces.     

Numerical simulation of blast flow fields induced by a high-speed projectile

Numerical investigations on the launch process of a projectile in a nearly realistic situation have been performed in this article. The Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) of Euler equations is solved by the AUSMDV scheme and the dynamic chimera grid technique are used for describing the moving of the projectile. Based on our numerical results, the muzzle blast flow field of the transient launch process of a projectile at a relative high Mach number of 3.0 has been visualized numerically, and the prominent characteristics including the propagation of first and second blast waves, the generation of bow shock wave and moving of the projectile, etc. have been discussed in detail.      

土体颗粒物流动物质点法模拟的弹塑性和非牛顿流体本构模型比较研究

土体颗粒物流动是一种典型的大变形破坏,具有非牛顿流体的流动特征。准确模拟土体颗粒物的流动及冲击过程,对滑坡和泥石流等地质灾害的防治具有重要意义。物质点法是一种无网格粒子类方法,已在各类大变形问题中得到了广泛应用。以往土体颗粒物流动的模拟,通常采用弹塑性本构模型,但缺乏对非牛顿本构模型的模拟分析。本文引入非牛顿本构模型的模拟分析,旨在为土体颗粒物流动模拟提供一种新的方法与思路。非牛顿本构模型的模拟分析是将非牛顿广义Cross模型引入三维物质点法,通过人工阻尼力模拟颗粒间的摩擦力,对土体颗粒物的坍塌、沿斜面滑动以及冲击障碍物等问题进行了动态模拟,研究了其运动全过程,并与弹塑性本构模型的模拟结果进行了对比验证。结果表明,基于非牛顿流体本构模型的物质点法可以较好地模拟土体颗粒物加速、减速到再次稳定的流动全过程及其对障碍物的冲击效应。     

Calibration of granular material parameters for DEM modelling and numerical verification by blade-granular material interaction

The discrete element method (DEM) is a promising approach to model blade-granular material interactions. The accuracy of DEM models depends on the model parameters. In this study, a calibration process was developed to determine the parameter values. The particle size was the same as the real material and the particle shape was modelled using two spherical particles rigidly clumped together to form a single grain. Laboratory shear tests and compressions tests were used to determine the material internal friction angle and stiffness, respectively. These tests were replicated numerically using DEM models with different sets of particle friction coefficients and particle stiffness values. The shear test results are found to be dependent on both the particle friction coefficient and the particle stiffness. The compression test results show that it is only dependent on the particle stiffness. The combination of shear test and compression test results can be used to determine a unique set of particle friction and particle stiffness values. The calibration process was validated experimentally and numerically by modelling a blade moving through granular material. Results show that the forces acting on the blade can be accurately modelled with DEM and the maximum error is found to be 26%. The relative particle-blade displacements were used to predict the position and shape of the shear lines in front of the blade. A good qualitative correlation was achieved between the experiments and the DEM simulations.     

Modeling the effect of moisture on the flowability of a granular material

Meccanica - The flowability of granular materials is a crucial parameter to consider that impacts many engineering and industrial applications such as slope stability, powder handling and storage....     

Numerical solution of composite left and right fractional Caputo derivative models for granular heat flow

In this paper we propose a numerical scheme based on a fractional trapezoidal method for solution of a fractional equation with composition of the left and right Caputo derivatives. The numerical results are compared with analytical solutions. We have illustrated the convergence of our scheme. Finally, we show an application of the considered equation.     

Numerical simulations of granular material behavior under rotation of principal stresses: micromechanical observation and energy consideration

Meccanica - A numerical investigation on the behavior of granular materials subjected to the rotation of principal stresses using the discrete element method is presented. A numerical procedure is...     

Inelastic material behavior and fracture mechanics: a variational approach

Summary A variational principle is presented, which relates the macroscopic fracture response of a mechanical component to its microscopic, inelastic material behavior. The principle allows a comparison between the crack driving force, expressed by the J-integral, and an integral expression of the fracture resistance. On this basis, the critical values of J are calculated for a Griffith crack under mixed-mode loading. The preliminary check with data available in literature shows a fairly good agreement. Received 18 July 1998; accepted for publication 9 February 1999     

Numerical evaluation of the thermomechanical effective properties of a functionally graded material using the homogenization method

When the stresses of the functionally graded materials (FGMs) are discussed under thermal and/or mechanical loading conditions, the different thermomechanical effective properties are needed. For the steady state thermal analyses, these properties include the Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity. For the transient analyses of the heat conduction problem, on the other hand, the density and heat capacity should be added to the aforementioned properties. The homogenization method (HM) based on the finite element method (FEM) is used as it has advantages, such as it is appropriate for estimating the effective properties of composites with a given periodic fiber distribution and complicated geometries. For a periodic composite structure, it is not necessary to study the whole structure but only a representative volume element (RVE) or a unit cell (UC). As the overall behavior of composites depends on the arrangement of the reinforcements, the corresponding UCs of two different arrangements of the fibers are analyzed; namely the square and hexagonal arrangements. It is found that the square arrangement predicts higher values of the Young’s modulus than the hexagonal one but with small difference. In order to verify the computed values of the properties, the results are compared with previous experimental measurements and results of analytical and numerical methods, and good agreement is achieved.