多体系统指标2运动方程HHT方法违约校正1）

采用Cartesian绝对坐标建模方法,完整约束多体系统运动方程是指标3的微分--代数方程（differentialalgebraic equations,DAEs）,数值求解指标3的DAEs属于高指标问题,通过对位置约束方程求导,可使运动方程的指标降为2.位置约束方程求导得到的是速度约束方程.直接求解指标3的运动方程,速度约束方程得不到满足,而且高指标DAEs的数值求解存在一些问题.论文首先采用HHT（Hilber--Hughes--Taylor）直接积分方法求解降指标得到的指标2运动方程,此时速度约束方程参与离散计算,从机器精度上讲速度约束自然得到满足,而位置约束方程没有参与计算,存在“违约”.针对违约问题,采用基于Moore--Penrose广义逆理论的违约校正方法,消除位置约束方程的违约.指标2运动方程HHT方法违约校正,将HHT方法和违约校正方法很好地结合,在数值求解指标2运动方程的过程中,位置约束方程和速度约束方程都不存在违约问题,而且新方法没有引入新的未知数向量,离散得到的非线性方程组的方程数量与原指标2运动方程的方程数量相同,求解规模没有扩大.新方法的实用和有效性通过算例的数值实验得到验证,数值实验也说明新方法保持了HHT方法本身具有的数值阻尼可以控制和二阶精度的特性.最后从非线性方程组的求解规模和计算速度上与其他方法进行了比较分析,说明新方法的优势所在.     

Second-Order Constitutive Equations

Studies of strain localization, wave dispersion, instability, and plasticity of material promote the use of gradient-dependent constitutive equations. Some of their applications are summarized in a table. Such a group of constitutive equations is called second-order constitutive equations. This paper studies whether second-order constitutive equations can be used to describe some dynamic wave properties. Assumptions and conditions are set up for constitutive equations to study second-order constitutive equations     

On the problem of crack system with an elliptic hole

The problem of cracks with an elliptic hole in an infinite plane is investigated. By introducing the fictitious loads on the hole edge and using the Muskhelishvili method, the problem is reduced to solving a system of mixed-type integral equations in which some are Fredholm equations but others Cauchy-type singular ones. A numerical method is suggested and can be used for the treatment of other similar equations. The numerical results for some typical examples are given, showing that the method is really effective.     

New <Emphasis Type="Italic">higher-order</Emphasis> conservation laws of some classes of wave and Gordon-type equations

A large class of wave equations, with dissipation and source terms (Gordon type equations), are analysed using a symmetry approach and constructing conservation laws. We obtain some, previously unknown, relationships between the conservation laws and symmetries in the former case. In the latter case, we use the multiplier (and homotopy) approach to construct conservation laws from which some surprisingly, interesting higher-order variational symmetries and corresponding conserved quantities are obtained for a large class of Gordon type equations similar to those of the sine-Gordon equation.     

Solutions of matrix equations in problems of mechanics and control

The paper considers algorithms for solving linear matrix equations related to problems of mechanics and control, namely, the Lyapunov and Sylvester matrix equations and Riccati-type nonlinear matrix equations. These algorithms are capable of solving both linear equations and linear matrix inequalities. Algorithms based on the Bass relations are used to solve Riccati-type nonlinear matrix equations in so-called special cases where some eigenvalues of the matrix pencil are on a unit circle. These algorithms are compared with those of other authors by way of examples. It is shown that the algorithms can be implemented in symbolic computing routings, which allows solving these equations with high accuracy     

SEVERAL CLASSES OF INTEGRABLE NONLINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS(Ⅱ)—HIGHER-ORDER EQUATIONS

In this paper, several classes of integrable nonlinear higher-order ordinary differential equations are given. It is pointed out that some known results of integrability or integrable equations are all special cases of them. These equations have a wide-ranging applied background in physics and mechanics.     

Some Considerations on Modeling Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media

In this paper some considerations are presented about the equations needed to set up a model of the process of heat and mass transfer in porous media. A clear classification is made of the various types of equations used and of their physical meaning. Special attention is paid to the thermodynamic equilibrium equations and to their derivation since they are too often taken for granted. The importance of the various transport mechanisms (of mass and energy) is analyzed and the consequences that can arise when some term is neglected are indicated.     

FAST ITERATIVE SOLVERS FOR THE DISCRETIZED INCOMPRESSIBLE NAVIER–STOKES EQUATIONS

In this paper some iterative solution methods of the GMRES type for the discretized Navier–Stokes equations are treated. The discretization combined with a pressure correction scheme leads to two different types of systems of linear equations: the momentum system and the pressure system. These systems may be coupled to one or more transport equations. For every system we specify a particular ILU-type preconditioner and show how to vectorize these preconditions. Finally, some numerical experiments to show the efficiency of the proposed methods are presented.     

Poisson括号方法及其在准晶、液晶和一类软物质中的应用

对凝聚态物理学中的Poisson 括号及有关Lie群和Lie代数方法做了介绍. 同时介绍了在准晶、液晶和一类软物质研究中的应用.不仅介绍了推导以上物质的流体动力学方程或弹性-流体动力学方程, 也讨论了某些方程的解, 这种解还揭示了国外著名权威的经典解的错误.     

Doubly nonlinear parabolic-type equations as dynamical systems

In this paper, we study a class of doubly nonlinear parabolic PDEs, where, in addition to some weak nonlinearities, also some mild nonlinearities of porous media type are allowed inside the time derivative. In order to formulate the equations as dynamical systems, some existence and uniqueness results are proved. Then the existence of a compact attractor is shown for a class of nonlinear PDEs that include doubly nonlinear porous medium-type equations. Under stronger smoothness assumptions on the nonlinearities, the finiteness of the fractal dimension of the attractor is also obtained.     

Weak formulation and first order form of the equations of motion for a class of constrained mechanical systems

Some new theoretical results are presented on modeling the dynamic response of a class of discrete mechanical systems subject to equality motion constraints. Both the development and presentation are facilitated by employing some fundamental concepts of differential geometry. At the beginning, the equations of motion of the corresponding unconstrained system are presented on a configuration manifold with general properties, first in strong and then in a primal weak form, using Newton׳s law of motion as a foundation. Next, the final weak form is obtained by performing a crucial integration by parts step, involving a covariant derivative. This step required the clarification and enhancement of some concepts related to the variations employed in generating the weak form. The second part of this work is devoted to systems involving holonomic and non-holonomic scleronomic constraints. The equations of motion derived in a recent study of the authors are utilized as a basis. The novel characteristic of these equations is that they form a set of second order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in both the coordinates and the Lagrange multipliers associated to the constraint action. Based on these equations, the corresponding weak form is first obtained, leading eventually to a consistent first order ODE form of the equations of motion. These equations are found to appear in a form resembling the form obtained after application of the classical Hamilton׳s canonical equations. Finally, the new theoretical findings are illustrated by three representative examples.     

Displacement function and simplifying of plane elasticity problems of two-dimensional quasicrystals with noncrystal rotational symmetry

The paper systematically investigates the plane elasticity problems of two-dimensional quasicrystals with noncrystal rotational symmetry. First, applying their independent elastic constants, the equilibrium differential equations of the problems in terms of displacements are derived and it is found that the plane elasticity of pentagonal quasicrystals is the same as that of decagonal. Then by introducing displacement functions, huge numbers of complicated partial differential equations of the problems are simplified to a single or a pair of partial differential equations of higher order, which is called governing equations, such that the problems can be easily solved. Finally, some solving methods of these governing equations obtained are introduced briefly.     

Oscillatory properties of the solutions of nonlinear delay hyperbolic differential equations of neutral type

Ｔｈｅｎｅｗｌｙ—ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｔｈｅｏｒｙｏｆｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｄｅｌａｙｐａｒｔｉａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎｍａｎｙｆｉｅｌｄｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｉｎｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ ,ｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ,ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ,ｐｈｙｓｉｃｓａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ .Ａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ,ｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙａｎｄｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒｏｓｃｉｌｌａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓｗｅｒ…     

坡面流运动方程和有支流入汇时的一维明渠流方程形式

从带源项的圣维南方程出发,根据坡面流特点,分析给出了坡面水流运动方程的基本形式,通过基本的力学分析,指出了通常应用于有支流放汇时的一维明渠流方程存在的问题,并得到了新的方程形式。     

考虑剪切效应时压杆临界载荷的新数值方法

熟知,计入剪切效应时压杆临界载荷的求解归为某些常微分方程的特征值问题,本文提出一种求解该种问题的新数值方法.此种方法的思想是基于将特征值问题转化为同一方程的初值问题,要点为:(1)首先在积分始端取一个补充的初值,(2)又取一个暂设的特征值,(3)数值求解此微分方程的一个初值问题,(4)多次试凑和改变暂设特征值,让终端条件得到满足.数值算例已在文中给出.     

Two-equation (k, ϵ) turbulence computations by the use of a finite element model

A finite element technique is presented and applied to some one- and two-dimensional turbulent flow problems. The basic equations are the Reynolds averaged momentum equations in conjunction with a two-equation (k, ?) turbulence model. The equations are written in time-dependent form and stationary problems are solved by a time iteration procedure. The advection parts of the equations are treated by the use of a method of characteristics, while the continuity requirement is satisfied by a penalty function approach. The general numerical formulation is based on Galerkin's method. Computational results are presented for one-dimensional steady-state and oscillatory channel flow problems and for steady-state flow over a two-dimensional backward-facing step.     

考虑温度效应的弹性损伤一般理论

现有的各种损伤理论基本上都是关于等温问题的 ,且在不同程度上依赖于某些经验假设。本文在严格的不可逆热力学理论基础之上 ,建立了考虑温度效应的弹性损伤一般理论。推导出热弹性各向同性与各向异性损伤材料全部本构方程的一般形式 ,其中包括应力 应变关系、熵密度方程、损伤对偶张量表达式、热 固 损伤耦合的热传导方程和损伤演化方程。它们的特殊形式包含了等温各向同性与各向异性弹性损伤的本构方程     

Approximate equations for long water waves

In the first part of this paper the Hamiltonian theory of water waves is used to obtain some equations in local coordinates. These equations are approximations of the Boussinesq type. They are stable with respect to short wave perturbations, e.g. rounding off errors in digital computing. In the second part the relation of Boussinesq equations to Korteweg-de Vries and Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equations is investigated.     

An exact closed-form procedure for free vibration analysis of laminated spherical shell panels based on Sanders theory

This paper deals with closed-form solutions for in-plane and out-of-plane free vibration of moderately thick laminated transversely isotropic spherical shell panels on the basis of Sanders theory without any usage of approximate methods. The governing equations of motion and the boundary conditions are derived using Hamilton’s principle. The highly coupled governing equations are recast to some uncoupled equations by introducing four potential functions. Also, some relations were presented for the unknowns of the original set of equations in terms of the unknowns of the uncoupled equations. According to the proposed analytical approach, both Navier and Lévy-type explicit solutions are developed for moderately thick laminated spherical shell panels. The efficiency and high accuracy of the present approach are investigated by comparing some of the present study with the available results in the literature and the results of 3D finite element method. The effects of various shell parameters like shear modulus ratio of transversely isotropic materials and curvature ratio on the natural frequencies are studied. Clearly, the proposed solutions can accurately predict the in-plane and out-of-plane natural frequencies of moderately thick transversely isotropic spherical shell panels.