LiNH2-X (X＝Mg,Al, Ti,Nb)体系解氢性能的第一原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一原理赝势平面波方法, 计算了LiNH₂-X (X＝Mg, Al, Ti, Nb)体系的晶体与电子结构及稳定性能. 负合金形成热与H原子解离能的计算发现: 合金化元素X在LiNH₂中少量置换固溶时, 体系结构稳定性发生变化, 合金化增强了体系的解氢能力, 其中Nb提高LiNH₂体系解氢效果最好, 理论计算预测合金化提高体系解氢性能与他人结果一致. 电子态密度(DOS)与电子密度分析发现: X (X＝Mg, Al, Ti, Nb)合金化提高LiNH₂解氢能力的主要原因是X导致LiNH₂体系Fermi能级附近能隙值发生变化以及Li与NH之间的成键作用减弱.     

五氧化二钒促进MgH2/Mg室温吸氢※

MgH₂因其储氢量高、来源广及价格低廉等优点而备受关注, 但其热力学稳定(ΔH≥76 kJ/mol-H₂)以及低温吸/放氢动力学缓慢等问题限制了它在氢能领域的广泛应用. 研究发现, 过渡金属氧化物能够显著改善MgH₂的储氢动力学性能. 系统研究了过渡金属氧化物V₂O₅对MgH₂储氢性能的改善作用. 与纯MgH₂相比, 在MgH₂中添加质量分数为5%的V₂O₅可以显著改善MgH₂的吸/脱氢动力学性能. V₂O₅掺杂MgH₂的起始脱氢温度降至175 ℃, 比同等条件处理的纯MgH₂降低了89 ℃. 值得注意的是, V₂O₅掺杂的MgH₂脱氢后, 在室温和3 MPa的氢压下, 30和180 min内吸收H₂的质量分数分别为2.1%和3.8%. 同等氢压下, 当温度提高到300 ℃时, 该样品可在1 min内吸收H₂的质量分数高达6.7%. 同时催化掺杂样品还表现出良好的循环稳定性, 20次循环后仍能维持质量分数为6.0%以上的可逆储/放氢量. 此外, V₂O₅改善MgH₂储氢性能的反应机理也通过多种手段表征得以阐明.     

MgH2粒径对2LiBH4+MgH2体系放氢动力学性能的影响

研究了MgH₂粒径对2LiBH₄+MgH₂体系放氢动力学性能的影响.采用高能球磨方式对50~100 μm 粒径的MgH₂预球磨96 h, 其粒径可减小到100~200 nm.结果表明, 对MgH₂进行预球磨可使2LiBH₄+MgH₂体系的两步放氢温度分别降低58和24℃, 并可明显提高体系的放氢动力学性能.XRD结果表明, MgH₂粒径的减小有利于放氢过程中MgB₂ 的生成, 从而提高体系放氢产物的可逆吸氢能力.     

碱土金属Mg外掺杂硼笼B40Mg6的储氢性能

对外掺杂碱土金属Mg的B₄₀硼笼的储氢性能进行了密度泛函理论研究. 结果表明, B₄₀笼含有2个六元环与4个七元环. 多个Mg原子对B₄₀笼进行外掺杂时不会发生成簇现象, 有利于进一步储氢. Mg原子外掺杂的B₄₀笼对H₂分子的平均吸附能介于物理吸附与化学吸附之间(0.1~0.8 eV). 体系的储氢密度达到7.60%(质量分数). 储氢结构能在常温常压下释放H₂分子, 因此, Mg原子外掺杂的B₄₀笼比Mg合金具有更好的储氢性能.     

掺杂元素Ti和Ni对NaAlH4放氢性能影响的第一原理研究

利用第一性原理方法研究了掺杂元素Ti, Ni对NaAlH4放氢性能的影响. 计算表明: Ti在NaAlH4中倾向于替代Al原子, 而Ni则倾向于占据间隙位置. 电子结构分析显示Ti替代NaAlH4中的Al位置时与近邻的Al原子产生强烈的相互作用, 破坏[AlH4]基团的结构, 从而改善NaAlH4的放氢性能. Ti替代Na或占据间隙位置时Ti与H原子间存在较强的相互作用, 有可能诱发TiH2相而改善NaAlH4的放氢性能. 与Ti相比Ni对NaAlH4放氢性能的影响较小, 仅当Ni占据间隙位置时才可能对[AlH4]基团产生一定影响. 总体而言, Ti对NaAlH4放氢性能的影响强于Ni的作用, 这与实验观测相吻合.     

Mg-Ti-H 体系晶体结构与相稳定性的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法计算了不同Ti含量的MgxTi(1-x)H2(x=0.25,0.5,0.75,0.875)体系的平衡晶格结构、总能量及稳定性.结果表明:氢原子在晶胞中的位置接近于四面体间隙位置;H―Ti原子间距小于H―Mg原子间距,表明Ti较Mg具有更强的"亲氢性",Ti原子在吸引周围H原子的同时削弱了H―Mg键的强度;随Ti含量的增加,体系的稳定性和脱氢温度均降低,且MgxTi(1-x)H2体系与MgH2相比,稳定性更差,脱氢温度更低,表明Ti可降低MgxTi(1-x)H2体系的分解温度并加速其脱氢动力学过程,表现出脱氢催化活性.     

碳包覆Pd/TiO2光催化产氢协同胺类选择性氧化合成亚胺(英文)

负载型金属纳米催化剂由于其优异的光催化性能,被广泛应用于光催化产氢协同胺类氧化偶联合成高附加值亚胺体系。但在反应过程中,金属表面对H原子和亚胺表现出较强的吸附能力,导致了亚胺易于发生自氢化反应而生成仲胺,显著降低了亚胺的选择性。在本文中,我们证实了在Pd/Ti O₂表面构建超薄碳层(Pd/Ti O₂@C)是一种解决上述问题的有效策略。在Pd/Ti O₂表面构筑的超薄碳层可以有效调控H原子和亚胺在其表面的吸附行为,避免了光催化氧化偶联过程中亚胺的自氢化。因此,Pd/Ti O₂@C光催化剂在光催化产氢协同胺类选择性氧化合成亚胺体系中展现出优异的亚胺选择性。本研究提供了一种便捷有效的策略推动负载型金属纳米催化剂在光催化产氢协同合成高附加值产物体系中的应用。     

Sc,Ti,V修饰B/N掺杂单缺陷石墨烯的储氢研究

3d过渡金属修饰是改善石墨烯储氢性能的最有效途径, 但仍存在金属团聚和H₂解离导致难以脱附的问题. 提出了B/N掺杂单缺陷石墨烯(BMG/NMG)的策略来避免以上两个问题. 密度泛函理论计算结果表明, N掺杂可以使Sc, Ti, V与石墨烯的结合能提高3~4倍, B掺杂可以将Sc与石墨烯的结合能提高3倍. Sc/BMG和Sc/NMG吸附的第一个H₂不会解离. Sc/BMG中Sc吸附5个H₂, 平均氢分子结合能为-0.18～-0.43 eV, 并且可以通过在同侧锚定多个Sc原子形成Sc/C₃B₂五元环增加H₂吸附位点. Sc/NMG中每个Sc吸附6个H₂, 平均氢分子结合能为-0.17～-0.29 eV, 还可以通过在异侧修饰形成Sc/N₃/Sc单元进一步提高储氢能力. 研究结果将为设计基于3d过渡金属修饰碳材料的储氢材料提供理论基础.     

2D氮化碳:通过调节非金属硼掺杂C3N5阐明宽酸性及碱性pH范围的光催化析氢的反应机理(英文)

太阳能驱动水裂解产氢是一种绿色能源技术,用于制备可再生和零碳排放燃料以实现可持续能源生产.近期,氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)同素异形体C₃N₅的出现克服了g-C₃N₄的固有缺点,如光生载流子快速复合和可见光吸收差,而导致极低的光催化效率.本文将硼掺杂剂通过原子替换或间隙掺杂的方式引入到C₃N₅体系中,并利用密度泛函理论对纯C₃N₅和硼掺杂C₃N₅体系进行计算,考察了硼原子对C₃N₅电子和光学性能的影响以及其催化析氢反应(HER)机理.热力学计算结果表明,硼原子掺杂在C₃N₅体系中是可行且有利的.在N3位氮原子被硼原子取代(B_N3-C₃N₅)后,带隙(0.6 e V)变窄.与纯C     

TiF3对LiAlH4放氢性能的影响

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和热重(TG)等测试方法, 对掺杂TiF₃前后和不同TiF₃掺杂量LiAlH₄的放氢性能进行了研究. 结果发现, 在TiF₃存在下, LiAlH₄在球磨过程中有少量分解. TiF₃对LiAlH₄放氢具有明显的催化作用. 随着掺杂量的增加, LiAlH₄的起始放氢温度降低, 但放氢量会明显减少. 掺杂2%(摩尔分数)TiF₃的LiAlH₄从80 ℃开始放氢, 比未处理的LiAlH₄的起始放氢温度降低了70 ℃, 放氢量高达6.6%(质量分数).     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.