Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2催化剂上CO2和CH3 OH的吸附和反应性能

采用表面改性和离子交换相结合的方法制备了Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2负载型双核金属甲氧基配合物催化剂,利用红外光谱(IR)、程序升温脱附(TPD)、程序升温表面反应(TPSR)和微反技术考察了催化剂的表面结构以及CO2和CH3OH的化学吸附和反应性能.结果表明:Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2中Ni2+与载体SiO2表面O2-以双齿配位形式键合,甲氧基以桥基形式联结双金属离子形成双核物种Ni2(OCH3)2;CO2在催化剂表面存在甲氧碳酸酯基物种和桥式两种吸附态,CH3OH则只有一种分子吸附态;在100～200℃条件下,CO2和CH3OH在催化剂上的反应产物主要是DMC和H2O;根据反应结果,讨论了催化反应机理.     

经PPh3修饰的Rh/SiO2催化剂的吸附-脱附性能

 应用程序升温技术研究了氢甲酰化反应物CO,H2和C2H4在经PPh3修饰的Rh/SiO2(PPh3-Rh/SiO2)催化剂上的吸附-脱附行为. CO-TPD结果显示, Rh/SiO2催化剂在348, 398和525 K处有3个脱附峰, PPh3-Rh/SiO2催化剂仅在368 K处出现脱附峰,表明催化剂的吸附性能发生了明显变化. 采用原位红外光谱研究了PPh3-Rh/SiO2催化剂上CO的吸附态. 结果表明, 2040 cm-1处吸收峰归属于PPh3修饰的Rh粒子上线式吸附的CO. 这种吸附态既不同于Rh/SiO2多相催化剂表面Rh粒子上的CO吸附态,也不同于相应均相催化剂中的羰基配位态. TPD和FT-IR结果表明,在低压下PPh3-Rh/SiO2催化剂对氢甲酰化反应已具有相当的催化性能.     

乙醇在Mn薄膜／Rh（100）上吸附和分解的研究

应用高分辨电子能量损失谱（HREELS）和热脱附谱（TDS）,研究了Mn薄膜／Rh(100)上乙醇的吸附和分解,提出了表面吸附和分解的反应工,在300K时,蒸镀的Mn在清洁Rh(100)表面上以层层模式生长;在130－300K间,在25mLMn/Rh(100)表面上吸附20L乙醇的TDS结果与乙醇在Rh(100)表面上的结果一致在155K处,脱附出多层凝聚态吸附的乙醇;升温到255K,脱附出H2和CH4,继续升温,出现了与乙醇在R (100)表面上不一致的现象,在470K,同时出现了第2个H2和CH4的脱附峰,在500K,脱附极少量的CO;在950K附近,脱附出大量CO。     

Co-Pd催化剂上CH4/CO2合成乙酸反应中CO2与表面金属物种作用的密度泛函理论研究

采用广义梯度近似(GGA)的密度泛函理论(DFT)(DFT-GGA)对Co-Pd催化剂上CH4/CO2两步法合成乙酸反应中CO2与金属表面物种M—H(M=Co,Pd)和Pd—CH3的插入反应机理进行了研究, 给出了CO2与M—H和Pd—CH3的插入反应机理. 计算结果表明, 在CO2与M—H和Pd—CH3相互作用的4个反应路径中, 反应以CO2与Co—H作用生成产物HCOO—Co为动力学优先路径, 但由于HCOO以双齿形式与金属Co结合, 其结合能较大, 导致HCOO在金属表面不易脱附, 故较难形成甲酸; 反应生成H3CCOO—Pd产物路径次之, H3CCOO和Pd之间结合能较小, H3CCOO容易脱附形成主产物乙酸; 生成H3COOC—Pd反应为动力学最不利路径, 故甲酸甲酯为动力学禁阻产物; 计算结果与实验结果吻合得很好.     

铜,钾助剂对铁基催化剂吸附—脱附性能的影响

气-固相催化反应活性很大程度上依赖于反应组分在催化剂表面上的吸附与脱附行为,因此,研究反应组分在催化剂表面的吸附与脱附性质对了解催化剂表面活性部位分布、催化活性、反应机理等具有重要意义。本文用程序升温脱附(TPD)及稳态化学吸附研究了具有良好催化活性的F-T合成铁基催化剂对CO和H_2的吸附、脱附特性,并讨论了Cu、K助剂的影响。     

La2O3对Ni-Cu/MgSiO催化剂的甲烷部分氧化制氢反应性能的影响

 用等体积浸渍法制备了MgO-SiO2(MgSiO)复合氧化物负载的Ni-Cu双金属催化剂,采用程序升温还原(TPR),X光电子能谱(XPS),红外光谱(IR),程序升温脱附(TPD)及微反技术考察了稀土La2O3的加入对CH4和H2O在Ni-Cu/MgSiO催化剂表面上的吸附及甲烷部分氧化制氢反应性能的影响. 结果表明,加入La2O3使催化剂表面Ni和Cu原子的电子云密度增加,CH4和H2O在催化剂表面上的吸附增强. CH4与O2和H2O在Ni-Cu/MgSiO催化剂上反应的主要产物为H2和CO2. La2O3的加入有利于提高CH4转化率及H2的选择性,并可提高催化剂稳定性及抗积炭能力. 讨论了La2O3的助催化作用机理.     

Ni2P/SiO2 和Ni/SiO2 催化剂甘油氢解反应性能比较:催化剂活性及产物选择性影响因素的探讨（英文）

采用浸渍法及程序升温还原法制备了Ni2P/SiO2和Ni/SiO2催化剂,利用N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、X射线荧光、CO化学吸附、氢气程序升温脱附及氨气程序升温脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征并用于甘油氢解反应.结果表明,Ni2P/SiO2和Ni/SiO2具有相近的表面Ni密度,但前者表面酸中心和表面氢物种(包括吸附氢和溢流氢)密度明显更高,且在甘油氢解反应中的活性也更高,这与其酸性中心与金属中心之间的协同作用有关.Ni2P/SiO2催化剂上主要产物为1,2-丙二醇及1-丙醇,而Ni/SiO2催化剂上主要产物为1,2-丙二醇、乙二醇和乙醇.提高反应温度和H2压力不能促进Ni2P/SiO2上乙醇和乙二醇的生成,但促进了1,2-丙二醇进一步氢解转化为1-丙醇.由此可见,Ni2P/SiO2具有较强的C-O键断裂活性及较弱的C-C键断裂活性,这可能分别与其较多酸性中心和电子及几何结构性质密切相关.     

Ni_2P/SiO_2 和Ni/SiO_2 催化剂甘油氢解反应性能比较:催化剂活性及产物选择性影响因素的探讨(英文)

采用浸渍法及程序升温还原法制备了Ni2P/SiO2和Ni/SiO2催化剂,利用N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、X射线荧光、CO化学吸附、氢气程序升温脱附及氨气程序升温脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征并用于甘油氢解反应.结果表明,Ni2P/SiO2和Ni/SiO2具有相近的表面Ni密度,但前者表面酸中心和表面氢物种(包括吸附氢和溢流氢)密度明显更高,且在甘油氢解反应中的活性也更高,这与其酸性中心与金属中心之间的协同作用有关.Ni2P/SiO2催化剂上主要产物为1,2-丙二醇及1-丙醇,而Ni/SiO2催化剂上主要产物为1,2-丙二醇、乙二醇和乙醇.提高反应温度和H2压力不能促进Ni2P/SiO2上乙醇和乙二醇的生成,但促进了1,2-丙二醇进一步氢解转化为1-丙醇.由此可见,Ni2P/SiO2具有较强的C-O键断裂活性及较弱的C-C键断裂活性,这可能分别与其较多酸性中心和电子及几何结构性质密切相关.     

铬助剂对Cu/ZrO_2/CNTs-NH_2催化剂催化CO_2加氢合成甲醇性能的影响

采用并流共沉淀方法制备了一系列不同铬含量的Cu/ZrO2/CNTs-NH2催化剂,在固定床反应器上考察铬对催化剂催化CO2加氢合成甲醇反应性能的影响.当铬含量为1%(w),反应温度为260°C,压力为3.0MPa,原料气组成为V(H2):V(CO2):V(N2)=69:23:8,空速为3600 mL·h-1·g-1时,催化剂的促进效果最显著,甲醇收率达7.78%.氮吸附、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、氢气程序升温脱附(H2-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、二氧化碳程序升温脱附(CO2-TPD)、差热分析(DTA)以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表征结果表明,随着铬含量的增加,铜颗粒的粒径减小,催化剂的比表面积增大.铬的加入一方面提高了铜的分散性,抑制了ZrO2的相变和活性组分的烧结;另一方面提高了CO2的吸附量并促进CO2由弱吸附向强吸附转化,从而提高甲醇的收率;但是当铬含量大于1%时,催化剂表面Cu、Zr的总含量明显下降,降低了CO2的吸附量并且形成了超强CO2吸附物种,抑制了CO2及其中间产物的转化,从而降低了甲醇收率.     

不同方法制备的Ni／ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3催化剂对CH4-CO2重整反应的催化性能

 采用水热合成法、溶胶凝胶法和共沉淀－负载法制备了相同NiO含量的Ni／ZrO2－CeO2－Al2O3催化剂，考察了它们在CH4－CO2重整反应中的催化性能及稳定性，测定了积碳量．用CO2程序升温脱附方法测试了它们的CO2吸附性能，用H2程序升温脱附方法测试了表面Ni的分散度．结果表明，随温度升高，CH4和CO2转化率降低的顺序是：溶胶凝胶法≈共沉淀－负载法＞水热合成法，并且反应产物中n（CO）／n（H2）比随温度升高而降低．水热法和共沉淀－负载法制备的催化剂稳定性好，且前者的活性比后者高；溶胶凝胶法制得的催化剂活性较高，但易失活．积碳量大小顺序是：水热法＞溶胶凝胶法＞共沉淀－负载法．与其他方法制备的催化剂相比，水热法制备的催化剂对CO2的吸附量更大，\r\n而且积碳主要存在于载体上，从而保证了催化剂的稳定性．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.