三氯化六氨合钴(Ⅲ)合成条件的改进

在无机化学实验"三氯化六氨合钴(Ⅲ)的制备及组分测定"中,产物合成产率较低,影响后续实验开展和教学效果。本文基于基本化学原理优化实验合成条件,考查了活性炭催化剂用量、粒度和盐酸用量对三氯化六氨合钴(Ⅲ)产率的影响。实验结果表明:当活性炭催化剂用量为0.2 g、粒度为120目、盐酸溶液为(25 mL热水+1 mL盐酸)、浓盐酸用量为3 mL时,三氯化六氨合钴(Ⅲ)产率可达到42.5%,产品颜色(橙色)、纯度和结晶度明显提高,达到了实验预期结果。并且对不同粒度的催化剂,确定了可靠活性炭用量。通过该实验提高了学生化学基本原理的应用能力和解决问题能力。     

大学化学综合实验三氯化六氨合钴(Ⅲ)的制备改进

三氯化六氨合钴(Ⅲ)([Co(NH_3)_6]Cl_3)的制备实验是综合性较强的大学无机化学实验,对该实验条件的改进鲜有报道。本文在文献报道的三氯化六氨合钴(Ⅲ)合成的基础上,对其制备中所用到的盐酸浓度进行了系统调节,取得了创新性研究结果,改变不同浓度盐酸用量(3.0 mol?L~(-1)c(HCl)≤6.0 mol?L~(-1))合成[Co(NH_3)_6]Cl_3。     

三氯化六氨合钴浸提–分光光度法测定土壤中阳离子交换量

采用三氯化六氨合钴震荡提取,分光光度计测定土壤阳离子交换量.考虑pH对实验结果的影响,加入浸提液前所有土壤样品加固体NaOH改变土壤pH为碱性后,再进行分析;当样品阳离子交换量结果过高时采用减少称样量作为高含量样品的测定手段.实验结果表明,优化后方法检出限为8 mmol/kg;用该方法测定不同阳离子含量的土壤标准样品,...     

螯合剂与牛血清白蛋白竞争镍作用的研究

用凝胶色谱法研究了13种螯合剂使牛血清白蛋白镍配合物BSANi(Ⅱ)中的镍活动化的能力,发现DTPA、NTA等氨羧类螯合剂有较好的竞争能力,而巯基类较差。用透析法研究了螯合剂与BSANi(Ⅱ)反应动力学机理,结果表明,在pH7.4和4℃时,L-组氨酸、EDTA为解离机理,而亚氨二乙酸,二乙三氨五乙酸为加合机理。测定了有关的动力学参数,依据竞争能力参数F讨论了可能作为治疗镍中毒的促排螯合剂。     

N,N′-双(2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯酮)乙二亚胺合铜(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)、钴(Ⅱ)配合物的合成

固液合成;N;N′-双(2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯酮)乙二亚胺合铜(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)、钴(Ⅱ)配合物的合成     

碱性介质中二羟基二过磺酸合镍（Ⅳ）配离子氧化乙二胺的动 …

在恒定离子强度（μ＝０．４０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的碱性介质中,于２０～３５℃用我光度法研究了二羟基二过碘酸合镍（Ⅳ）配离子（ＤＤＮ氧化乙二胺的动力学。结果表明反应对ＤＤＮ为一级,对乙二胺为正分数级,准一级速率常数ｋｏｂｓ随（ＯＨ＾－）增加而增加,１／ｋｏｂｓ对（ＩＯ４＾－）有线性关系,表明二羟基一过碘酸合镍（Ⅳ）配离子（ＤＭＮ）是氧化剂的活性物种,无盐效应未检出自由基存在,据此提出了包括ＤＤＮ和ＤＭＮ存在     

三(O，O′-二异丙基二硫代磷酸酯)合钴(Ⅲ)和双(O，O′-二乙基二硫代磷酸酯)合镍(Ⅱ)及其吡啶加合物的热行为和热分解反应动力学

用TG-DTG-DSC热分析技术研究了三(O,O′-二异丙基二硫代磷酸酯)合钴(Ⅲ)、双(O,O′-二乙基二硫代磷酸酯)合镍(Ⅱ)及其后者与吡啶或4-甲基吡啶加合物在氮气气氛中的热行为;用传统的微商法(A-B-S)和积分法(C-R法)以及分别由Malek、Dollimore提出的两种新型的热分析动力学方法协同处理TG数据,获得了四种配合物的热分解反应动力学参数E和A,确定了反应机理。对它们的热行为和分子结构之间的关系进行了讨论;并试就本文所用的几种数据处理方法作了比较。     

超声浸提-分光光度法测定土壤阳离子交换量

为准确测定土壤阳离子交换量,在三氯化六氨合钴浸提-分光光度法研究的基础上,采用超声浸提代替传统的振荡浸提。确定了在40 mL浸提液中加入2.8 g土壤样品,用1 mol/L氢氧化钠调节溶液pH至8±0.5,超声浸提10 min,用滤纸过滤代替离心,1.66 cmol/L[Co(NH3)6]Cl3溶液直接作为空白样品的实验条件。验证该实验条件和测试方法。结果表明,该方法在0～1.49 cmol/L范围内具有良好的线性,线性系数为1;方法检出限为0.7 cmol+/kg,方法定量下限为2.8 cmol+/kg;10种土壤标准物质的测定结果均在认证值范围内,相对标准偏差（n=6）在0.28%～2.68%,具有良好的精密度和准确度。超声浸提-分光光度法测定土壤阳离子交换量准确可靠,操作过程简单,提高了工作效率,可应用于批量土壤阳离子交换量样品的检测。     

2-异噁唑啉等氮杂环化合物在二铬酸氢四吡啶合镍(Ⅱ) 氧化下的脱氢芳构化反应

研究了3,5-二芳基-4,5-二氢异噁唑化合物(1a～1e),1,4-二氢吡啶化合物(3a～3c)和1,3,5-三苯基-4,5-二氢吡唑化合物(5)分别在二铬酸氢四吡啶合镍(Ⅱ)[(Py)4Ni(HCrO4)2]氧化下脱氢反应的结果;研究了在[(Py)4M(HCrO4)2]存在下,吡啶叶立德、喹啉叶立德或异喹啉叶立德分别和缺电子烯烃反应,一步法合成中氮茚衍生物9a～9b,11a～11b,13的结果.发现金属配合物氧化剂二铬酸氢四吡啶合镍(Ⅱ)可用于多类杂环化合物的脱氢芳构化.     

Ni／MgO／Al2O3催化剂中Ni前体对甲烷—二氧化碳重整反应活性的影响

考察了以硝酸镍、氯化镍、硫酸镍、醋酸镍及硝酸六氨合镍5种Ni盐制备的Ni/MgO/Al2O3催化剂在CO2与CH4重整制合成气反应中的催化活性,发现Ni前体对活性有明显的影响,以硝酸镍、醋酸镍、硝酸六氨合镍为前体制备的Ni催化剂,反应性较高;以硫酸镍为前体制备的Ni催化剂,可能由于硫中毒等原因而显示出很低的活性;以氯化镍为前体制备的 Ni催化剂,其活性与制备方法有关,未经烧而直接还原的催化剂显示出较好的活性,X－射线粉末衍射（XRD）、BET比表面积及反应后的积量测定结果表明,以硝酸镍、醋酸镍、硝酸六氨合镍为前体制备的Ni催化剂,表面分散性好,比表面积大,积炭量少。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。