离子交换色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯钛中痕量杂质元素

建立了离子交换色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定高纯钛中Mg、Cr、Fe、V、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sr、Cd、Ba、Tl、Pb等痕量杂质元素分析方法,并对ICP-MS工作参数及条件进行了优化和选择.高纯钛用HF和HNO3溶解后进入离子色谱的阳离子交换柱,经HF(3+97)淋洗后,用HNO3洗脱,洗脱下来的溶液进入电感耦合等离子体质谱检测.方法的检出限在0.00099～0.85 μg/L之间,测定下限为0.0033～2.8 μg/L,各元素的回收率在90%～110%之间.利用本方法对纯度＞99.99%高纯钛样品的杂质元素进行分析,结果表明,其精密度和准确度均满足痕量分析的要求.     

固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法测定水中的邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法检测水中3种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯的方法. 考察了固相萃取柱、洗脱溶剂、洗脱体积、上样速度以及洗脱速度对萃取效率的影响. 通过综合分析, 选定SupelcleanLC-18 SPE Tube固相萃取柱, 甲醇为洗脱剂, 洗脱体积2 mL, 上样速度为4 mL/min, 洗脱速度为1 mL/min. 在此萃取条件下, 萃取回收率在83.4%～121.2%之间. 邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯质量浓度在2～100 mg/L之间均为线性. 经萃取后, 方法的最低检出限分别为邻苯二甲酸二甲酯0.06 μg/L, 邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯0.16 μg/L, 邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯0.08 μg/L. 方法的精密度在10%～15%之间. 应用该方法测定自来水中酞酸酯类化合物的含量, 加标回收率为83.6%～110.2%.     

高效液相色谱法测定大豆磷脂类保健食品中磷脂酰胆碱

建立了高效液相色谱法测定大豆磷脂类保健品中磷脂酰胆碱含量的方法。样品经丙酮溶解去除油脂类杂质干扰后,离心弃去上层液体,残液用氮气吹干,然后用正己烷-异丙醇(1+1)混合液溶解残渣,以正相硅胶柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)为固定相,以乙腈-甲醇-磷酸(80+20+0.6)溶液等度洗脱分离,用紫外检测器于波长205nm处检测。磷脂酰胆碱的质量浓度在2.136g·L-1以内与其峰面积呈线性关系。应用此法分析大豆磷脂软胶囊,平均回收率在90.2%～96.1%之间;测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.2%～3.6%之间。     

气相色谱法测定活泥鳅中硫丹及其硫酸盐残留

建立了检测活泥鳅中α-硫丹、β-硫丹及硫丹硫酸盐残留量的气相色谱法.泥鳅样品经过正己烷-丙酮混合液提取后,转溶至乙腈中,冷冻去脂,再经中性氧化铝小柱净化处理,用丙酮-正己烷(体积比1:2)洗脱,洗脱液用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测,外标法定量.标准曲线的线性范围为10～100 ng/mL,相关系数不小于0.998,硫丹定量限为3.3 μg/kg,检出限为1.0 μg/kg.进行4.0,8.0和10.0 μg/kg 3个浓度水平的加标回收试验,回收率为91.3％～105.4％.该方法分析成本低,测定结果准确,能满足常规检测及食品安全监控的需要.     

阿司匹林双嘧达莫片溶出度及含量测定方法研究

建立了阿司匹林双嘧达莫片溶出度和含量的测定方法。采用Amethyst C18-H色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm),以磷酸盐缓冲液-甲醇-乙腈为流动相，梯度洗脱，流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长235 nm。溶出度实验采用篮法，以0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液和磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.8)为溶出介质。结果表明：溶出度实验中双嘧达莫、阿司匹林和水杨酸质量浓度分别在0.5508～49.57、1.668～150.1和0.2004～18.04μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r²≥0.9998),回收率在97.7%～102.0%之间(RSD≤1.0%,n=6)。含量测定实验中阿司匹林和双嘧达莫质量浓度分别在29.71～267.4μg/mL和10.42～93.78μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r²≥0.9999),回收率在98.1%～101.0%之间(RSD<1.0%,n=9)。本方法准确性好、精密度高、操作简单，适用于阿司匹林双嘧达莫片溶出度和含量测定。     

膜去溶-ICP-MS测定高纯CeO2中14种痕量稀土杂质分析方法研究

研究了不经基体分离, 膜去溶-ICP-MS法直接测定高纯CeO2中14种痕量稀土杂质的分析方法, 讨论了Ce基体产生的多原子离子对被测元素的质谱干扰, 并且对影响多原子离子产率的因素进行了分析, 同时建立了Pr, Gd, Tb和Yb数学校正方程. 通过使用膜去溶雾化器和优化ICP-MS参数, 消除了CeH+, CeO2+和CeO2H+产生的质谱干扰, 将CeO/Ce产率降为0.008%, 同时结合数学校正方程彻底消除了CeO+, CeOH+和CeOH2+的质谱干扰. Pr, Gd, Tb和Yb的方法测定下限分别为0.08, 0.1, 0.15和0.008 μg · g-1, 14种稀土杂质方法测定下限和为0.75 μg · g-1. 99.999%高纯CeO2实际样品测定加标回收率为96%～103%, RSD为 1.2%～4.3%.     

超声萃取-高效液相色谱法测定沉积物中多环芳烃

提出了高效液相色谱法测定沉积物中多环芳烃(PAH′s)含量的方法。样品中多环芳烃用正己烷-丙酮(1+1)混合溶液超声提取,离心分离后,所得萃取液经蒸发浓缩,然后过装有1g无水硫酸钠和2g硅胶的层析柱净化。以Varian PAHs色谱柱为分离柱,不同比例配成的甲醇和水为流动相梯度洗脱,用荧光检测器检测。方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.34～1.52ng.g-1之间。方法用于沉积物中多环芳烃的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=5)在3.2%～10.6%之间。用标准加入法测定方法的回收率,结果在57.1%～103.4%之间     

超高效液相色谱法测定水产品中喹乙醇的残留量

称取经粉碎并匀浆后的水产样品(5.00±0.05)g,先后用水12mL及8mL在60℃水浴中提取2次,每次10min。离心分离,合并2次提取液。向提取液中加入饱和硼砂溶液9mL和300g·L-1硫酸锌溶液3mL,充分混匀进行脱色和除去杂质。离心分离,取上清液,通过固相萃取柱(SPE)使被测组分吸附在柱上,SPE柱用5mL水淋洗,弃去淋洗液。用甲醇-乙酸乙酯(10+90)混合液10mL将被测组分从柱上洗脱。收集洗脱液并在50℃条件下吹氮至近干,残渣用色谱分离所用的流动相1.0mL溶解,以下按色谱条件操作。用BEH C18色谱柱为固定相,甲醇-水(15+85)混合液为流动相进行色谱分离;用紫外检测器,检测波长为380nm。结果表明:喹乙醇的质量浓度在0.150～50.0mg·L-1内与其峰面积之间呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为30μg·kg-1。用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在76.4%～90.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在3.3%～9.0%之间。     

膜去溶-ICP-MS法测定高纯Eu_2O_3中14种痕量稀土杂质

研究了不需基体分离,膜去溶-ICP-MS法直接测定高纯Eu2O3中的14种痕量稀土杂质的分析方法。讨论了Eu基体产生的多原子离子对被测元素的质谱干扰。使用膜去溶后,待测元素灵敏度提高3倍左右,EuO/Eu产率从去溶前的0.016%降低为0.0007%。建立了Tm的数学校正方程,通过膜去溶结合数学校正可将Eu基体对Tm干扰完全消除。14种稀土杂质的检出限和(∑RE)为70 ng/L,测定下限和(∑RE)为0.54μg/g。对6N高纯Eu2O3样品进行了分析,样品回收率为96%~109%,RSD小于10%。所建立的方法对Eu2O3标准样品的测定结果与国家标准方法测定结果相一致。     

海带吸附法分离富集水样中痕量铅和镉

研究了用海带吸附法分离富集水中痕量Pb2 和Cd2 的方法.在25℃下,pH4.0～5.0,水样经过预先用海带制成吸附柱后,用10mL 1 mol/L的HCl,流速为1 mL/min对吸附柱进行洗脱,采用原子吸收光谱法测定洗脱液中Pb2 和Cd2 .Pb2 和Cd2 的饱和吸附量分别为164.67和8.73 mg/g,回收率在95.8%～103.1%之间.     

锂掺杂ZnO陶瓷靶材制备及其掺杂引起的缺陷

采用燃烧合成和放电等离子烧结方法制备锂掺杂ZnO陶瓷靶材. 利用XRD, SEM, TEM和激光粒径分析等手段分析合成粉体与陶瓷的显微结构. 结果表明, 锂掺杂ZnO粉体与陶瓷均为纤锌矿结构, 无其他相存在; 粉体的粒径分布为0.18-1.7 μm, 烧结体致密度较高, 晶粒尺寸为1-3 μm. 此外, 分析锂元素在烧结过程中引起掺杂缺陷变化, 锂元素由ZnO晶格的间隙位置转移为替代锌晶格位置, 实现受主掺杂, 为实现p型ZnO薄膜的制备奠定基础.     

SiO2∶Sm粉体：溶胶-凝胶法制备及特殊荧光性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2:Sm粉体,通过TG-DSC、FTIR、MAS-NMR、PL对材料的结构和性能进行测试表征.FTIR分析显示样品位于960 cm-1的吸收峰归属于Si-O-Sm键的变形振动,29Si MAS-NMR证实Sm3+进入SiO2网络结构.在380 nm入射光激发下样品产生除Sm3+特征发光以外的蓝绿荧光,对不同Sm3+掺量样品荧光性能进行对比分析,结果表明这种特殊的荧光发射与Si-O-Sm键的形成有关.     

Effect of acidity on microstructure and spectroscopic properties of Y2O3:Eu3+ powders and ceramics

Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ nano-powders were synthesized by homogeneous precipitation and the influence of solution acidity was investigated. IR and TG–DTA analysis showed that in different acidic solutions different kinds of sediments were generated. TEM images revealed distinct morphologies of obtained powders. The resultant powders were sintered into ceramics in vacuum and then in N₂ atmosphere without any additives. SEM images indicated that the morphologies of powders have significant impact on the microstructures of sintering-derived ceramics. Low-agglomerated and uniform powders were in favor of production of ceramics with homogeneous microstructures. Excitation and emission spectra of both powders and ceramics were measured and some changes were observed.     

消解乳化-火焰原子发射光谱法测定丁苯橡胶中钠和钾

用消解乳化技术处理丁苯橡胶样品,先用浓硝酸消解样品,再用乙醇-甲基异丁基酮混合溶剂溶解消解产物,并用乳化剂Triton X-100乳化成乳浊液。以钡离子作为钠和钾的消电离剂,以空白溶液为参比,用工作曲线法测定,建立了快速测定丁苯橡胶中钠和钾的FAES法。对溶剂及乳化剂、试液与空白溶液粘度的一致性、干扰及检出限进行了考察。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2．4％,加标回收率98．0％～104．7％。     

Nd-doped barium titanate ceramics with various Ti/Ba ratios prepared by sol-gel method

The Nd-doped BaTiO3 nanocrystalline powders and ceramics with different Ti/Ba ratios were prepared by sol-gel method. Phases and microstructures of the Nd-doped BaTiO3 based powders and ceramics were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM methods. The results revealed that the powders synthesized by sol-gel method were nanometer scale (30-60 nm) and were mainly composed of cubic BaTiO3 with a small amount of BaCO3. After sintering at high temperature, both cubic BaTiO3 and BaCO3 were transformed into tetrahedron BaTiO3 phase. The dielectric properties of the ceramics were also determined and the influence of Ti/Ba ratio on the dielectric properties was discussed. The Tc did not change with the variation of Ti/Ba ratio, while theεmax increased firstly and then decreased. The excess TiO2 is benefit for the modification of ceramics' microstructure and dielectric properties.     

An improved liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA samples using immunoaffinity column purification

The analysis of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) represents an important biomarker of oxidative stress. A sensitive method for the detection of 8-oxodG in DNA samples has been developed that utilizes immunoaffinity column purification of 8-oxodG followed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode analysis. An internal standard of stable-isotopically labelled 8-oxodG containing [(15)N(5)] was added prior to the enzymatic digestion of DNA to deoxynucleosides, which was then subjected to immunoaffinity column purification followed by microbore positive ion LC/MS/MS MRM. The 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) base product ion at m/z 168 was monitored following cleavage of the glycosidic bond of the 8-oxodG [M+H](+) ion at m/z 284. Similar determinations were made for [(15)N(5)]8-oxodG by monitoring the [(15)N(5)]8-oxoG base product ion at m/z 173 formed from the [M+H](+) ion at m/z 289. The introduction of the immunoaffinity column purification step into the method represents a significant improvement for the accurate determination of 8-oxodG since all artefactual peaks that are observed following the direct injection of digested DNA onto the LC/MS/MS system are removed. The identity of these artefactual peaks has been confirmed to be 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG), thymidine (dT) and 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA). The presence of these artefactual peaks in MRM mode analysis can be explained as a consequence of a concentration effect due to their considerably higher relative abundance in DNA compared to 8-oxodG. The highest signal intensity was observed for the artefactual peak for dA due to the fact that the adenine base formed an adduct with methanol, which is a constituent of the mobile phase. The resulting [M+H](+) ion at m/z 284 (dA m/z 252 + CH(3)OH m/z 32) gave rise to a product ion at m/z 168 following the loss of deoxyribose in MRM mode analysis. Control calf thymus DNA was digested to deoxynucleosides and unmodfied deoxynucleosides were removed by immunoaffinity column purification; the enriched 8-oxodG was determined by LC/MS/MS MRM. The level of 8-oxodG in control calf thymus DNA was determined to be 28.8 +/- 1.2 8-oxodG per 10(6) unmodified nucleotides (n = 5) using 5 microg of digested DNA. The limit of detection of the microbore LC/MS/MS MRM for 8-oxodG was determined to be 25 fmol on-column with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.5.     

Chemical synthesis of tungsten-copper nanocomposite powder

In this study homogeneous powders of CuWO₄ and WO₃ was produced from ammonium para-tungstate (APT) and copper nitrate. Then, the product was used to prepare nano-sized W-Cu powder. Hence, a mixture of ammonium paratungstate and copper nitrate with predetermined weight proportion was made in distilled water, while the content of the beaker was being stirred at a certain speed to reach the desired composition of W-20 wt % Cu. Mixture was heated to 80–100°C for 6 h. Also, pH range was adjusted at about 3–4. The mixture was then evaporated and dried in the air. To reach W-Cu composite powder, the precursor powders burned out at 520°C for 2 h in the air to form W-Cu oxide powder and then were ball milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere to convert it into W-Cu composite powder. The resulting powders were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis techniques. The results showed that homogeneous powders of W-Cu with particle size of around 100 nm and a nearly spherical shape could be obtained by this process. Each particle include smaller parts with size of around 20–30 nm.     

Determination of vitamin K in milk and infant formulas by liquid chromatography: collaborative study

A simple procedure for determination of vitamin K1 was developed for routine compliance monitoring of supplemented infant formula and measurement of endogenous levels in milk and milk powders. Samples are digested with lipase and extracted into hexane; and aliquot is evaporated, reconstituted in methanol, and analyzed by reversed-phase LC. Post-column zinc reduction of phylloquinone facilitates detection by fluorescence. The procedure was subjected to an AOAC collaborative study involving 8 materials, each in blind duplicate, across the range of 5-120 micrograms/100 g solids and including NIST 1846 reference material. Thirty-three laboratories returned valid data which were then statistically analyzed for outliers and precision parameters. Mean RSDR (%) was 6.53 (4.33-10.94), with a mean HORRAT value of 0.33 (0.23-0.43) and RSDr:RSDR ratio of 0.74. K1 isomers (cis and trans) were aggregated with conventional C18 columns, but may be selectively estimated with use of the C30 column.     

Treatment of low level radioactive liquid wastes using composite ion-exchange resins based on polyurethane foam

Composite ion-exchange resins were prepared by coating copper-ferrocyanide (CFC) and hydrous manganese oxide (HMO) powders on polyurethane (PU) foam. Polyvinyl acetate/Acetone was used as a binder. The foam was loaded with about five times its weight with CFC and HMO powders. The distribution coefficients of CFC-PU foam and HMO-PU foam for cesium and strontium respectively were estimated. Under similar conditions the HMO-PU foam showed higher capacity as well as better kinetics for removal of strontium than CFC-PU foam for Cs. The pilot plant scale studies were conducted using a mixed composite ion-exchange resin bed. About 1000 bed volumes could be passed before attaining a DF of 10 from an initial value of 60–80. The spent resin was digested in alkaline KMnO₄ and the digested liquid was fixed in cement matrix. The matrices were characterized with respect to compressive strength and leach resistance.