介孔分子筛MSU-1的合成

MSU X介孔分子筛具有三维立体交叉排列的蠕虫状孔道结构,有利于客体分子在其孔道内扩散[1]。目前合成MSU X的原料[2 4]TEOS水解速度慢,合成过程较易控制,但价高、易燃、有刺激性。本文采用文献[5 7]法,以水玻璃、A(EO)9为原料,在酸性至近中性的范围里合成了MSU 1介孔分子筛,与TEOS为原料的MSU 1合成进行了比较,考察了pH值和不同类型表面活性剂(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚)对产物结构性质的影响。1　实验部分1 1　试剂和仪器水玻璃(SiO2%≈26、Na2O%≈8),工业级,青岛海洋化工厂生产;脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚非离子表面活性…     

基于地沟油的洗衣液合成及性能研究

以地沟油为原料,经磺化并提纯,获得棕色胶质地沟油磺酸钠盐,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱确定合成化合物特征基团,并对其水溶液的电导率和表面张力进行测定。在此基础上,与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)等辅助材料采用正交试验进行复配,获得一种环保型洗衣液。以该洗衣液对油污布洗涤效果对配方进行优化,最后得到一种以地沟油为原料制备的性能优良的洗衣液。     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的高温气相色谱法分析

 采用 SE-3 0键合甲基硅酮固定相涂铝石英高温毛细管色谱柱、程序升温、FID检测 ,较好地分离了各种合成及天然脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚 (AEO)样品中的各组分 ;使用 GC-MS进行了样品中组分的定性 ,并经试验研究采用峰面积归一法进行了组分的定量 ,成功地测定了各种 AEO样品中游离脂肪醇质量分数及聚氧乙烯醚的环氧乙烷 (EO)加成数分布。方法简便、快速 ,有较好的准确度和精密度。     

单斜与锐钛矿双晶相TiO2的水热法制备与机理探讨

以一种具有超强耐酸碱的表面活性剂-丁基封端脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚作为晶型调节剂,利用钛酸丁酯和氢氧化钠的水热反应制备了双晶相(单斜相与锐钛矿相)TiO2,考察了丁基封端脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和钛酸丁酯的物质的量比R、反应时间、反应温度等因素对产物的晶相组成的影响,并对不同条件下的晶相转变机理进行了初步探讨。     

典型表面活性剂结构和组成的波谱表征——脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的波谱

用核磁共振波谱、质谱和红外光谱表征了非离子表面活性剂中脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的结构特征。     

窄分布脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的合成和研究

以天然脂肪醇为起始剂,在催化剂的作用下,进行乙氧基化反应,用气相色谱法分析了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO)产物的组成分布。研究结果表明,采用自制催化剂,可以得到分子量分布窄的脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。在120℃,0.1~0.3MPa的压力条件下,当环氧乙烷平均加和数为1.6时,聚合产物中残留脂肪醇为15.5%,AEO1-3的含量为76.2%。     

W/O微乳液中纳米Pd微粒的化学破乳沉积

利用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚型非离子表面活性剂Marlipal O13/50、水、环己烷组成的W/O微乳液体系合成纳米Pd微粒, 考察了化学破乳剂作用下纳米Pd微粒的沉积过程. 结果表明, 不同化学破乳剂使纳米Pd微粒沉积的速率顺序为1,4-二噁烷跃四氢呋喃跃甲醇跃乙醇跃正丁醇. 研究了化学破乳剂对微乳液界面张力与两亲因子的影响. 结果表明, 微乳液结构的破坏是界面张力增大的过程, 同时也是两亲性降低而向Lifschitz线逐渐靠近的过程.     

原位合成负载型MSU系列分子筛

采用原位合成法,使用壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(Tx-15)和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-19)做为模板剂,在中性条件下合成W.MSU-1和W-MSU-2介孔分子筛,合成中使用乙酰丙酮(HAcac)作为助剂,考察其对介孔结构的影响,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、低温N2吸附对样品进行表征.结果表明,加入过渡金属氧化物有助于介孔的形成,助剂的使用提高了孔的结构参数.     

一种聚氧乙烯醚链三头季铵盐表面活性剂的合成

以五甲基二乙烯三胺（PMDETA）、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（FAPOE）和环氧氯丙烷（ECP）为原料,分两步合成了一种含聚氧乙烯醚链三头季铵盐的表面活性剂。对反应影响因素、产物结构与部分性能进行了分析与表征。结果表明：第一步反应n（ECP）：n（FAPOE）为2．5～3：1,溶剂为正己烷,四丁基溴化铵作相转移催化剂,无水K2CO3作缚酸剂,时间6～8h。第二步反应n（中间体）：n（PMDETA）为3．5—4．0：1,溶剂为正丁醇,时间40-45h;溶剂与时间是主要影响因素。定性表征符合产物结构：定量表征n（Cl^-）：n（阳离子部分）为3．4：1,略高于理论值。产物的表面活性高,1．0×10^-4mol／L水溶液的表面张力可降至6．65mN／m。     

TiO2/H2O2/超声波协同降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液

采用经过处理的锐钛矿型TiO2作为催化剂,在H2O2存在下,以TiO2/H2O2/超声波协同降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚反应为模型,探讨了TiO2催化剂用量、H2O2用量、超声波功率、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液初始浓度、初始pH值对壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解率的影响。结果表明,在一定的超声波功率和一定的TiO2用量范围内,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解率随超声波功率和TiO2用量的增大而增大,达到一定值后保持平稳;当H2O2浓度介于一定范围内,增大H2O2用量可提高壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的降解率,但H2O2用量过多时,反而会使壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的降解率下降;pH<5时,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解效果较好,且pH值越小,降解率越高;pH>5时,降解率越来越低。TiO2/H2O2/超声波体系降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚产生了较强烈的协同效应,在同一时刻三者协同体系的降解率比其3种单独体系的降解率之和高出约60%;在TiO2催化剂用量0.4g/L、H2O2用量0.2g/L、超声波功率600W、降解时间120min的条件下,对初始质量浓度为80mg/L,pH=1的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液进行降解,其降解率达98%以上。     

Thermal Decomposition of CF3C(O)O2NO2, CClF2C(O)O2NO2, CCl2FC(O)O2NO2, and CCl3C(O)O2NO2

Haloacetyl, peroxynitrates are intermediates in the atmospheric degradation of a number of haloethanes. In this work, thermal decomposition rate constants of CF₃C(O)O₂NO₂, CClF₂C(O)O₂NO₂, CCl₂FC(O)O₂NO₂, and CCl₃C(O)O₂NO₂ have been determined in a temperature controlled 420 l reaction chamber. Peroxynitrates (RO₂NO₂) were prepared in situ by photolysis of RH/Cl₂/O₂/NO₂/N₂ mixtures (R = CF₃CO, CClF₂CO, CCl₂FCO, and CCl₃CO). Thermal decomposition was initiated by addition of NO, and relative RO₂NO₂ concentrations were measured as a function of time by long-path IR absorption using an FTIR spectrometer. First-order decomposition rate constants were determined at atmospheric pressure (M = N₂) as a function of temperature and, in the case of CF₃C(O)O₂NO₂ and CCl₃C(O)O₂NO₂, also as a function of total pressure. Extrapolation of the measured rate constants to the temperatures and pressures of the upper troposphere yields thermal lifetimes of several thousands of years for all of these peroxynitrates. Thus, the chloro(fluoro)acetyl peroxynitrates may play a role as temporary reservoirs of Cl, their lifetimes in the upper troposphere being limited by their (unknown) photolysis rates. Results on the thermal decomposition of CClF₂CH₂O₂NO₂ and CCl₂FCH₂O₂NO₂ are also reported, showing that the atmospheric lifetimes of these peroxynitrates are very short in the lower troposphere and increase to a maximum of several days close to the tropopause. The ratio of the rate constants for the reactions of CF₃C(O)O₂ radicals with NO₂ and NO was determined to be 0.64 ± 0.13 (2σ) at 315 K and a total pressure of 1000 mbar (M = N₂). © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Fe2P2O7(H2O)2

The compound diiron diphosphate dihydrate, Fe₂P₂O₇(H₂O)₂, was synthesized hydro­thermally and crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n. The compound has a somewhat open framework made up of edge‐sharing iron(II) octahedra that form chains connected by five bridging diphosphates. The remaining octahedral site of each iron is occupied by coordinated water. The H atoms of the water molecules all point into a common channel.     

Thermodynamics of Cr2O3, FeCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, and CoCr2O4

High-temperature heat capacity measurements were obtained for Cr₂O₃, FeCr₂O₄, ZnCr₂O₄, and CoCr₂O₄ using a differential scanning calorimeter. These data were combined with previously available, overlapping heat capacity data at temperatures up to 400 K and fitted to 5-parameter Maier–Kelley C_p(T) equations. Expressions for molar entropy were then derived by suitable integration of the Maier–Kelley equations in combination with recent S^∘(298) evaluations. Finally, a database of high-temperature equilibrium measurements on the formation of these oxides was constructed and critically evaluated. Gibbs free energies of Cr₂O₃, FeCr₂O₄, and CoCr₂O₄ were referenced by averaging the most reliable results at reference temperatures of (1100, 1400, and 1373) K, respectively, while Gibbs free energies for ZnCr₂O₄ were referenced to the results of Jacob [K.T. Jacob, Thermochim. Acta 15 (1976) 79–87] at T = 1100 K. Thermodynamic extrapolations from the high-temperature reference points to T = 298.15 K by application of the heat capacity correlations gave Δ_fG^∘(298) = (−1049.96, −1339.40, −1428.35, and −1326.75) kJ · mol⁻¹ for Cr₂O₃, FeCr₂O₄, ZnCr₂O₄, and CoCr₂O₄, respectively.     

K2[Mo2O4(C2O4)2(H2O)2]·3H2O

The crystal and molecular structure of dipotassium di‐μ‐oxo‐bis[aqua(oxalato‐O¹,O²)oxomolybdenum(III)] trihydrate, K₂­[Mo₂O₄(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)₂]·3H₂O, has been determined from X‐ray diffraction data. In the dimeric anion, which has approximate twofold symmetry, each Mo atom is in a distorted octahedral coordination, being bonded to one terminal oxo‐O atom, two bridging O atoms, two O atoms from the oxalato ligand and one from the water mol­ecule. Bond lengths trans to the multiple‐bonded terminal oxo ligand are larger than those in the cis position, confirming the trans influence as a generally valid rule.     

Ga2O3-La2O3-Yb2O3-Er2O3(HO2O3)体系光谱性质的研究

根据稀土离子能级的特点,对Ga2O3-La2O3-Yb2O3-Er2O3(HO2O3)体系的光谱性质进行了探讨,发现它们有二类发光性质:Stokes发光和反Stokes发光,研究了发光强度和发射波长与掺杂离子的依赖关系,观察到由能量的共振转移引起的荧光浓度猝灭现象,并取得了最大发光强度时的掺杂离子浓度和一些规律性结果.     

Kristallstruktur von LiHC2O4-H2O

LiHC₂O₄ · H₂O crystallizes in space group P 1 with a₀ = 4.99, b₀ = 6.16, c₀ = 3.45 Å; α₀ = 96.3°, β₀ = 98.0°, γ₀ = 80.4° and Z = 1. The crystal structure has been determined by direct methods. Refinement by least squares methods resulted to R₁ = 8,3%. In the structure the oxalate group is not planar. The angle between the two O? C? O planes is 2.9°.     

Studies on the System ZnO-V2O5-Fe2O3 Reactivity of ZnFe2O4 Towards ZnV2O6

Studies on the reactivity of ZnFe₂O₄ towards ZnV₂O₆ revealed that in the solid state the phases interact in a molar ratio of 1:3 to form a new compound, to which the molecular formula Zn₂FeV₃O₁₁ was assigned. The compound melts congruently at 825±5°C. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Die sechsgliedrigen Ringsysteme PIIISi2N2O, [PVSi2N2O]⊕ und PVSi2N2O

Compounds I-X of the sixmembered ring system PSi₂N₂O with phosphorus in different oxidation and bond numbers, collected in Schema 1, have been prepared for the first time and confirmed in their structure by elemental analysis as well as by infrared and¹H- and³¹P-spectroscopy.

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Mit Auszügen aus der DissertationK. P. Giesen, Techn. Univ. Braunschweig 1972.