对电极性能对染料敏化太阳电池动力学过程的影响

借助电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和强度调制光电流谱(IMPS)/强度调制光电压谱(IMVS)技术, 采用不同纳米TiO₂多孔薄膜对电极研究了染料敏化太阳电池(DSC)内部2个主要电荷输运过程的内在联系, 并探讨了载Pt材料对DSC界面动力学过程及电池宏观性能的影响机理. 借助等效电路模型分析了基于不同对电极材料电池的填充因子变化原因. 结果表明, 对电极材料的电极电荷交换过程制约光阳极膜内电子传输, 进而影响电池光伏性能; 同时对电极催化反应速率主要与催化剂活性、 载Pt材料电导率和催化反应面积有关.     

Influence of Modification of Counter Electrode on Photoelectric Properties of Dye-sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells

A dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cell(DYSC) was assembled, of which counter electrode was modified already by platinum, nickel and carbon. It was found that the DYSC had better photoelectric performance when the electrode was modified by platinum than by nickel and carbon. The influence of the incidence light wavelength on the incidence monochromatic photoelectric conversion effieieney(IPCE) was investigated.The result shows that the IPCE mainly depends on the short-circuit current density(Isc) of a DYSC, and the IPCE reaches 48.32% under the irradiation with the wavelength of 560 nm when the counter electrode of a DYSC was modified by platinum. The influence of incident light intensity on the photoelectric properties of a DYSC was also investigated. It was found that the Isc and open-circuit voltage(Voc) increased and the fill factor(ff) of the DYSC decreased with the increase of the incident light intensity.     

SO4-和I-共掺杂的聚苯胺对电极在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

采用循环伏安法(CV)在掺杂氟的二氧化锡(FTO)导电玻璃上, 成功聚合了SO₄^-和I^-共掺杂的聚苯胺(PANI)对电极. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、傅里叶红外(FT-IR)吸收光谱、CV和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等测试方法详细研究了I^-作为第二种掺杂离子及LiI掺杂浓度对所制备的PANI对电极的表面形貌, 结构和对I^-/氧化还原电对的催化活性的影响. SEM结果显示在聚合电解液中引入LiI改变了所制备的PANI对电极的形貌, 可提供更多的催化反应活性位点, 同时还改善了薄膜的孔隙性. 值得注意的是, 引入I^-共掺杂可在一定程度上使3I^-↔ +2e^-反应在相应的PANI电极上更容易进行. 在反应体系中 LiI浓度为0.02 mol·L^-1时得到的PANI对电极, 组装成电池时获得的电池效率最高可达6.52%, 相当于Pt对电极6.95%的93.8%, 比基于只掺杂 的PANI对电极的光电转换效率提高了16%, 说明 和I^-共掺杂的PANI对电极可以提高相应染料敏化太阳电池的光电转换性能, 有望在未来成为Pt对电极的替代材料.     

CoS制备方法研究及在染料敏化电池中应用

通过简单的气-固反应法在氟掺杂的氧化锡导电玻璃(FTO)上成功制备了CoS对电极,并通过优化工艺,进一步确认了制备CoS的最佳浓度。通过扫面电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、循环伏安测试(CV)、Tafel极化曲线以及光电流密度-电压特性曲线(J-V)分别研究了其表面形貌、物质结构、电催化性能和光电性能。结果表明20%浓度制备的CoS对电极具有较高的电催化活性,在一个标准太阳光照条件下(100mW.cm_-2),其光电转换效率(PCE)是7.81%,短路电流密度(J_sc)是17.3 mA.cm_?2,开路电压(V_oc)是0.74 V,填充因子(FF)是0.61,显示出与Pt对电极(7.97%)相比拟的性能。说明通过这种气-固反应法采用浓度为20%醋酸钴溶液制备的CoS薄膜具有高催化性、低成本的优点,可代替Pt作为染料敏化电池对电极。、关键词用黑体,及关键词内容用宋体。     

Synthesis of Ternary Ni/Mo2C/Carbon Nanofibers as Low-cost Counter Electrode for Efficient Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

To reduce the cost of manufacture, it is urgent to develop efficient and stable platinum(Pt)-free counter electrode(CEs) electrocatalysts for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs). In this study, a simple electrospinning and carbonization strategy has been developed to synthesize carbon nanofibers(CNFs) loaded with Ni and Mo₂C nanoparticles(Ni/Mo₂C/CNFs) as CE. Owing to the high electrical conductivity of CNFs and the large catalytic activity of Ni and Mo₂C, an excellent electrochemical performance of Ni/Mo₂C/CNFs as CE is achieved. The optimized DSSC assembled with Ni/Mo₂C(2:1)/CNFs-based CE exhibits a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 8.90%, which exceeds the corresponding values of the device using the Pt(8.07%), Ni/Mo₂C(1:1)/CNFs(8.68%), Ni/Mo₂C(1:2)/CNFs(8.20%), Ni/CNFs(7.50%) and Mo₂C/CNFs(6.10%). This work provides a new strategy for developing effective and low-cost CE materials in DSSCs.     

CoSe/TiN同轴纳米管阵列在染料敏化太阳能电池对电极中的应用研究

以钛网作为基底,采用阳极氧化、氨气氮化的方法制备了TiN纳米管,随后电沉积CoSe,制备了CoSe/TiN/Ti同轴纳米管阵列电极。循环伏安结果表明,CoSe/TiN/Ti电极对I-3具有高的电催化还原性能,这归因于高催化活性的CoSe和高导电的TiN的协同效应。以CoSe/TiN/Ti电极作为对电极组装染料敏化太阳能电池,电池的能量转换效率高达9.25%,比传统Pt/FTO对电极组装的电池(8.09%)高1%。这一结果为非Pt对电极纳米结构的设计提供了一个很好的思路。     

染料敏化太阳能电池中的敏化剂

染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）是一种新型的太阳能电池。染料敏化剂的性能对DSSC的光电转换效率有重要的影响,要获得高的光电转换效率需要有高效、稳定的染料敏化剂。本文介绍了近年来染料敏化剂的设计合成,并讨论了各种敏化剂的优缺点及发展方向。     

溅射-置换法制备染料敏化太阳能电池对电极Pt/FTO

采用溅射-置换(SD)法在导电玻璃(FTO)基底上制备了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)对电极SD-Pt/FTO.形貌表征显示,和热解法(PY)所获得的对电极(PY-Pt/FTO)相比,SD法获得的对电极SD-Pt/FTO上Pt颗粒分散性显著改善.光电流-光电压特性曲线测试表明,以SD-Pt/FTO为DSSC对电极的光电转化效率比以PY-Pt/FTO为DSSC对电极的提高了16.5%.DSSC电池性能改善与SD-Pt/FTO对电极具有较低的电阻和由Pt颗粒分散性改善引起催化性能改善密切相关.     

Enhanced Photoelectric Conversion of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell by Addition of Inorganic Particles

"Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to investigate the effect of various inorganic particles, including titania, alumina, zirconia with particle sizes ranging from nano- to micro-meter on electrochemical properties of the electrolyte used in dye-sensitized solar cell. Adding inorganic particles could improve the ionic transport of I3- in the electrolyte and reduce the electrolyte-electrode transfer resistance, leading to an improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the devices. It was proposed that the improvement could be attributed to the interfacial effect between the inorganic particles and the electrolyte; ionic conduction paths formed between the solid particles facilitate the diffusion of the I3- in the electrolyte and improve the connection between the electrolyte and the electrode. Combined with a less volatile solvent system and a proper amount of the inorganic particles as the additive, an overall efficiencyof 5.5% for the DSC (1 cm2) with P25 (10%) under 100 mW/cm2 at room temperature was achieved, an improvement of 51% over that without the oxide additive."     

聚吡咯/石墨复合对电极在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用研究

通过化学氧化法制备了聚吡咯纳米粒子, 并将其与石墨共混旋涂于ITO导电玻璃上, 作为染料敏化太阳能电池的对电极. 通过SEM观察到聚吡咯纳米粒子粒径在80～100 nm之间, 循环伏安测试表明聚吡咯电极对I₂/I^－电解质氧化还原体系具有较好的催化能力. 光伏电池的电化学交流阻抗测试结果说明掺入石墨后可有效降低聚吡咯对电极的电荷转移阻抗. 以钌染料N719为光敏剂, 聚吡咯/石墨复合电极为对电极组装成的染料敏化太阳能电池, 在AM 1.5 (100 mW•cm^－2) 的模拟太阳光照射下, 得到6.01%的光电转换效率, 达到相同条件下铂对电极性能的92%.     

碳纳米管负载Ni2P作为染料敏化太阳能电池对电极的性能研究

本文以碳纳米管(CNTs)与Ni2P纳米晶制备CNTs-Ni2P复合材料,首次研究其染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)的光阴极材料性能.使用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)测定材料结构,观察材料形貌.结果表明,复合材料由碳纳米管和六方结构的磷化镍构成,无其它磷化物杂相,磷化镍纳米晶(约10 nm)分散于CNTs表面.交流阻抗(EIS)测试显示,与CNTs和Ni2P对电极相比,CNTs-Ni2P对电极的电荷转移电阻和扩散阻抗较低,接近Pt-FTO对电极水平.CNTs-Ni2P对电极的DSSCs光电流达12.9 mA·cm-2,能量转化效率达5.6%,接近Pt-FTO对电极的DSSCs能量转化效率(5.9%).这归因于高电催化活性的磷化镍纳米晶与高电导CNTs的协同效应.     

聚合溶液pH值对染料敏化太阳电池中聚吡咯对电极结构和性能的影响

电化学合成聚吡咯（PPy）时,聚合电解液的pH 值对PPy 薄膜的形貌和性质有较大的影响,进而影响PPy薄膜对I^-/I₃^-的电催化活性以及基于PPy对电极（CE）的染料敏化太阳电池（DSSCs）的光电转换性能. 本文采用电化学恒电位方法,在掺杂氟的SnO₂（FTO）导电玻璃上合成出了对甲苯磺酸根离子掺杂的聚吡咯（PPy-TsO）电极,并将其作为DSSCs 的对电极. 通过改变吡咯聚合时聚合电解液的pH值,借助扫描电镜（SEM）、紫外-可见（UV-Vis）吸收光谱、X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）和循环伏安（CV）等表征技术,详细探讨了聚合溶液pH值对PPy CE形貌、结构及其对I^-/I₃^-的电催化性能的影响. 研究发现在pH 2.0下合成的聚吡咯对阴离子掺杂率最高且链共轭性最佳,具有对I^-/I₃^-氧化还原介质最强的催化能力,基于此PPy CE的电池光电转化效率也最高.pH 值太大或太小都不利于生成具有高掺杂率和高催化活性的PPy电极,组装成DSSCs后的光电转换效率也较低.     

Self-Assembled Graphene/MWCNT Bilayers as Platinum-Free Counter Electrode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

We describe the preparation and properties of bilayers of graphene- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an alternative to conventionally used platinum-based counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The counter electrodes were prepared by a simple and easy-to-implement double self-assembly process. The preparation allows for controlling the surface roughness of electrode in a layer-by-layer deposition. Annealing under N₂ atmosphere improves the electrode's conductivity and the catalytic activity of graphene and MWCNTs to reduce the I₃⁻ species within the electrolyte of the DSSC. The performance of different counter-electrodes is compared for ZnO photoanode-based DSSCs. Bilayer electrodes show higher power conversion efficiencies than monolayer graphene electrodes or monolayer MWCNTs electrodes. The bilayer graphene (bottom)/MWCNTs (top) counter electrode-based DSSC exhibits a maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.1 % exceeding the efficiency of a reference DSSC with a thin film platinum counter electrode (efficiency of 3.4 %). In addition, the double self-assembled counter electrodes are mechanically stable, which enables their recycling for DSSCs fabrication without significant loss of the solar cell performance.     

聚合溶液pH值对染料敏化太阳电池中聚吡咯对电极结构和性能的影响

电化学合成聚吡咯(PPy)时,聚合电解液的pH值对PPy薄膜的形貌和性质有较大的影响,进而影响PPy薄膜对I-/I3-的电催化活性以及基于PPy对电极(CE)的染料敏化太阳电池(DSSCs)的光电转换性能.本文采用电化学恒电位方法,在掺杂氟的SnO2(FTO)导电玻璃上合成出了对甲苯磺酸根离子掺杂的聚吡咯(PPyTsO)电极,并将其作为DSSCs的对电极.通过改变吡咯聚合时聚合电解液的pH值,借助扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)和循环伏安(CV)等表征技术,详细探讨了聚合溶液pH值对PPy CE形貌、结构及其对I-/I3-的电催化性能的影响.研究发现在pH 2.0下合成的聚吡咯对阴离子掺杂率最高且链共轭性最佳,具有对I-/I3-氧化还原介质最强的催化能力,基于此PPy CE的电池光电转化效率也最高.pH值太大或太小都不利于生成具有高掺杂率和高催化活性的PPy电极,组装成DSSCs后的光电转换效率也较低.     

氮掺杂多孔碳负载铁单原子对电极的膜厚对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响

利用分子笼封装前驱体而后热解的策略,制备了具有高催化活性的氮掺杂多孔碳(NPC)负载孤立的单个Fe原子(Fe-ISAs/NPC)电催化剂,并作为对电极用于染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSCs).通过电化学测试研究了Fe-ISAs/NPC对电极的膜厚对DSSCs光电性能的影...     

全固态介观太阳能电池:从染料敏化到钙钛矿

介观太阳能电池(Mesoscopic Solar Cells)作为新一代太阳能电池的突出代表, 具有原材料来源丰富, 制备工艺简单, 光电转换效率高等优点, 从而具有广阔的应用前景. 本工作简要评述了全固态介观太阳能电池从染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-sensitized solar cells)发展到钙钛矿太阳能电池(Perovskite solar cells)过程中新材料、新技术和新概念的研究进展. 1998年, Grätzel课题组首次将固态有机空穴传输材料spiro-OMeTAD应用到染料敏化太阳能电池中, 制备出全固态染料敏化太阳能电池, 虽然仅获得了0.74%的光电转换效率, 但是却使得全固态染料敏化太阳能电池迅速发展成为介观太阳能电池的重要研究方向. 2012年, Park与Grätzel课题组合作, 使用钙钛矿型吸光材料(CH₃NH₃)PbI₃作为敏化剂, spiro-OMeTAD作为空穴收集层, 制备出光电转换效率达到9.7%的全固态介观太阳能电池, 又被称为钙钛矿太阳能电池. 自此, 基于钙钛矿材料的介观太阳能电池迅速成为太阳能电池领域的研究热点. 目前, 钙钛矿太阳能电池的最高公证效率已经达到20.1%. 钙钛矿太阳能电池作为介观太阳能电池商业化道路上里程碑式的突破, 在材料开发、界面优化以及器件稳定性方面的研究仍充满挑战, 也期待新的突破.     

Dye-sensitized TiO2 Solid Solar Cell Using Poly （4-vinylphenyloxy-methyltriphenylamine） as Hole Transport Material

A dye-sensitized TiO2 solid solar cell, which contains poly(4-vinylphenyloxy-methyltriphenylamine) in hole transport layer (HTL) doped with LiSCN and methyl-hexyl-imidazolium iodide (MHImI), was oreoared. The solar cell shows that the conversion efficiency is 0.59%, Jsc is 3.03mA/cm^2, and Voc is 0.53V at 1 sun light intensity.     

四(十二烷基)氯化铵基小分子凝胶电解质染料敏化太阳电池

采用小分子胶凝剂四（十二烷基）氯化铵胶凝3-甲氧基丙腈基液体电解质制备了凝胶电解质,并组装成准固态染料敏化太阳电池．差示扫描量热测试结果表明,凝胶电解质的溶液-凝胶转变温度（TSG）为74℃．分析了凝胶电解质中I3^-／I^-电对的表观扩散系数低于液体电解质的原因,同时结合电化学阻抗技术考察了电池内部二氧化钛多孔薄膜电极／电解质界面处的暗反应,分析了凝胶化对电池光伏性能的影响．老化实验结果表明,凝胶电池的稳定性明显优于液体电池．     

添加剂对染料敏化太阳电池电解质性能的影响

以N-甲基咪唑、苯并咪唑、叔丁基吡啶和离子液体1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑三氟乙酸盐(EMITA)作为染料敏化太阳电池(DSCs)电解质溶液中的添加剂, 使用超微电极通过循环伏安法研究其对液体电解质中I-3和I-氧化还原行为的影响, 通过电化学阻抗谱研究了上述四种添加剂对Pt电极电解质界面的影响. 结果表明, 添加剂EMITA的加入使I-3在电解质中的扩散系数减小, Pt电极电解质界面上的界面传输电阻Rct增大, 电解质的电阻降低; 光伏性能测试表明, EMITA的添加提高了DSCs的开路电压和填充因子, 其DSCs的光电转换效率达到了5.72%.