甲酸根离子掺杂的卤化银中空穴陷阱效应分析

本文采用微波吸收介电谱检测技术,系统研究了甲酸根离子掺杂的立方体卤化银乳剂在35ps脉冲激光作用下所产生的光电子衰减行为,分析了甲酸根离子的空穴陷阱效应以及光电子衰减特性与掺杂条件的关系.通过分析不同位置和浓度甲酸根离子掺杂的立方体AgBr乳剂中光电子衰减时间特性,讨论了AgBr乳剂中甲酸根离子掺杂条件的变化对光电子衰减的影响,揭示了其空穴陷阱效应的作用机理.实验结果表明:不同浓度的甲酸根离子对立方体AgBr乳剂都有增感作用,最佳掺杂浓度为10-3mol/molAg;最佳掺杂位置是90;,说明了在接近微晶表面掺杂的空穴陷阱对提高乳剂感光度有较好的作用.     

硫增感AgBrCl立方体微晶中光电子衰减行为的研究

利用微波吸收相敏检测技术并结合短脉冲激光曝光,测量了硫增感条件下AgBrCl立方体微晶感光材料的光电子时间衰减谱.分析了光电子一级衰减区域与增感温度的关系,确定了硫增感的陷阱效应对光电子衰减时间和光电子不同一级衰减区域的影响,并获得了增感过程中生成浅电子陷阱效果的最佳增感条件.     

卤化银晶体中的光电子特性

本文采用微波吸收相敏检测技术,得到了卤化银微晶的自由光电子与浅束缚光电子的产生与衰减曲线,对比光电子产生量与激发光强之间的关系,验证了Gurney-Mott理论的光吸收过程,分析了不同类型卤化银材料中光电子的衰减特性,讨论了卤化银微晶中光电子行为对其感光性能的影响.     

硫增感对立方体AgCl微晶光电子衰减影响的动力学研究

本工作利用微波吸收介电谱技术检测了硫增感立方体氯化银微晶光电子的衰减时间谱,并根据实验结果建立了硫增感氯化银微晶的动力学模型,通过计算机求解由此模型得到的光电子衰减动力学方程,得到了不同增感时间下电子陷阱的浓度和深度,发现随增感时间的增加,电子陷阱的深度保持不变(0.201eV),而陷阱的浓度发生了变化,即在增感时间为75 min时电子陷阱的浓度为7.5×10-6;在增感时间为60 min时电子陷阱的浓度为3×10-6,这些结论对于其它晶体特性的研究具有参考价值.     

浅电子陷阱掺杂AgCl微晶的光作用特性研究

利用微波吸收介电谱检测技术,同步检测均匀掺杂K4Fe(CN)6盐的立方体AgCl微晶在室温条件下的自由和浅束缚光电子的衰减时间分辨谱。对比未掺杂样品发现,掺杂引入的浅电子陷阱使样品中的自由光电子衰减时间延长了338ns,衰减过程中出现一个明显的一级指数快衰减区;较高浓度掺杂情况下,测量了光作用产物对光电子衰减的影响,分析表明,光作用产物是具有深电子陷阱作用的银簇。光作用产物的出现,使得晶体中发生了浅电子陷阱到深电子陷阱效应的转变,可见掺杂使得晶体内部结构和光作用特性发生了变化。     

基于银纳米颗粒的PCF SERS传感器优化设计

为充分发挥表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光子晶体光纤(PCF)传感器的应用价值,对实芯PCF的结构、银纳米颗粒结构参数对传感性能的影响进行研究与对比,据此设计出适用于PCFSERS传感的实芯PCF以及银纳米颗粒的形状、大小、间距等参数.经数值计算,入射波长为785 nm时,设计的实芯六孔PCF模场面积可达25.8 μm2,并能够实现单模传输.而半径为38 nm的银纳米球,间距为0.7nm时能够产生最大的SERS增强因子.研究证明,设计的实芯PCF在785 nm输入波长下能够提供理想的活性面积,银纳米颗粒的形状、尺寸、间距对SERS性能影响严重,而且与入射波长有很强的依赖关系.     

真空退火处理对纳米氮化硅电子自旋共振谱的影响

用微米级SiO2、Si和碳黑混合粉末为原料, 以氮气为反应气,采用碳热还原法合成了氮化硅纳米粉体.测量了300～1273K退火温度下纳米氮化硅的电子自旋共振(ESR)谱,研究了测量温度、纳米氮化硅退火温度对ESR谱线型、g因子、线宽的影响.结果证实退火影响纳米氮化硅的磁性.     

银纳米立方颗粒表面等离子激元增强β-NaYF4∶Er3+,Yb3+上转换的研究

分别采用化学还原法和共沉淀法合成银纳米立方颗粒和β-NaYF4∶Er3+,Yb3+上转换纳米发光材料.银纳米立方颗粒的表面等离子共振吸收宽带位于370 ～750 nm.在油酸溶液体系中,实现了银纳米立方颗粒对上转换纳米材料荧光的表面等离子激元增强,研究了银纳米立方颗粒的掺杂浓度对上转换红光和绿光发射的影响.当银纳米立方颗粒掺杂浓度为2.0;时,对β-NaYF4∶Er3+,Yb3+上转换发光增强达到最大.红光和绿光上转换发射对应的最大增强因子分别为1.97和1.79.     

水热合成法制备纳米氧化锌粉

采用水热法合成了氧化锌纳米棒,研究了不同合成条件对ZnO纳米晶的影响.采用碱式碳酸锌作为前驱体,水为水热介质,可获得氧化锌纳米棒,水热时间的延长和水热温度的提高都使氧化锌纳米棒的长径比减小,其紫外发射光和近红外发射强度增大.当在体系中加入聚乙二醇时,可获得片状氧化锌结晶.当以0.5 mol/L的碳酸钠水溶液为水热介质,可得到长径比超过20,直径为500 nm左右分散均匀的纳米氧化锌棒.以氢氧化锌为前驱体,也能得到氧化锌纳米棒,其长径比为15左右.     

磁控反应法制备氧化银薄膜的研究

采用磁控反应溅射法,分别在室温和90℃条件下制备了两个系列的氧化银薄膜,其中氧氩比从1:4变化到2:1. SEM表明薄膜中的氧化银纳米颗粒尺寸均小于30nm.XRD表明随制备温度的提高AgO衍射峰减弱,Ag2O衍射峰增强,揭示了在成膜过程中,温度提高引起AgO热分解为Ag2O.分光光度计测量的反射谱和吸收谱表明氧化银的吸收边在400 nm附近,计算的氧化银禁带宽度约为3.1eV.通过对银的特征峰(312nm处)向短波方向的移动和消失分析证实氧氩比增大的确有助于银的完全氧化, 并且氧氩比2:1条件下制备的样品质量较佳.     

Microwave-assisted self-assembled ZnS nanoballs

Self-assembled zinc sulfide nanoballs were prepared in saturated aqueous solutions via a microwave-assisted route. Zinc acetate and thioacetamide were selected as zinc source and sulfur source, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Fourier transform infrared and Thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the as-prepared products and the optical properties was studied by diffuse reflection spectra and photoluminescence spectra. Zinc sulfate and zinc nitrite can also used to prepare ZnS nanoparticles instead of nanoballs. The mechanism for the assembly of ZnS nanoballs was also discussed.     

AgBr/TiO2纳米纤维的制备及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、无水乙醇为原料,利用静电纺丝技术制备出Ti(OC4H9)4/PVP纳米纤维,经500～1000℃高温煅烧制得TiO2纳米纤维,再通过水热法将AgBr纳米颗粒负载到TiO2纳米纤维表面.利用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、差热-热重分析对AgBr/TiO2纳米纤维进行表征分析.利用甲基...     

Magnetization and structural studies of Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles: Prepared by reverse micelle method

Single phase Mn (2.5 at%) doped ZnO nanocrystalline samples were synthesized by reverse micelle method as characterized by Rietveld refinement analysis of X-ray diffraction data, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction analyses. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies indicated that manganese exist as Mn²⁺ in ZnO lattice. DC magnetization measurements as a function of field and temperature, of 2.5 at% Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles annealed at 675 K, showed room temperature ferromagnetism (RTF). This observation is further confirmed by the EPR spectrum of the sample, which shows a distinct ferromagnetic resonance signal at room temperature. These results indicate that the observed RTF in Mn-doped ZnO may be attributed to the substitutional incorporation of Mn at Zn sites.     

Optical Transitions of Agi and Agbr Clusters in Zeolite Fau

Abstract

AgI and AgBr clusters are both incorporated into the cages of zeolite FAU. The absorption spectra of these clusters, whose loading densities varied from dilute to four AgI and AgBr molecules per supercage, are discussed. In both samples, the lowest absorption band shifts to the lower energy side with increasing loading density. The large blue shift in AgI clusters compared to the bulk can be qualitatively explained by the model of strong quantum confinement of the photoexcited electron-hole pair. In the sample of AgBr clusters with four molecules per cage, however, the energy of the lowest absorption band is close to that of the lowest direct transition of AgBr in bulk. This apparently weak quantum confinement in the photo-excited state seems to originate from the singular band structure in the bulk, i.e., AgBr is the indirect gap material.     

Structural study of molten Ag halides and molten AgCl–AgI mixture

The structures of molten Ag halides and pseudo-binary mixtures between AgCl and AgI have been investigated by neutron diffraction measurements. For AgI, a crystalline local configuration persists even in the molten state while, for AgCl and AgBr, the first neighbor coordination number decreases to 3.4 compared with 6 in the crystalline rock salt structure and the second neighbor distribution is modified according to the shortening of Ag–halogen distance. This difference between AgI and AgCl (AgBr) may be originated from the nature of unlike-pair bonding. The former has much covalent character. The eutectic mixture between AgCl and AgI, AgCl_0.43I_0.57, exhibits large temperature dependence in the total structure from the AgCl like feature at a lower temperature to the AgI like feature at a high temperature. As increasing temperature, Cl ions become more diffusive and relatively strong interaction between Ag and I rules physical property such as sound absorption.     

A novel sonochemical synthesis and nanostructured assembly of polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped CdS colloidal nanoparticles

Nanoparticles of cadmium sulfide (nano-CdS) have been successfully prepared from an aqueous solution of cadmium chloride and sodium sulfide by a novel sonochemical method. Through adding polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP) as the dispersant, a yellow translucent colloidal solution of cadmium sulfide which was considerably stable within at least one month was obtained. The characterizations of nanoparticles by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and FT-IR spectroscopy showed good properties of small size, high surface area and crystal structure. The size of the prepared nanoparticles was about 3–5 nm according to XRD spectra and TEM images. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) has been employed to fabricate multilayer films on quartz wafer and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode in a layer-by-layer manner. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) displayed the dense coverage of the substrate surface by the nanoparticles. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy confirmed the consecutive growth of PDDA/nanoparticles layer pairs. The photoelectrochemical and the electrochemical behaviors of the prepared CdS particle were examined as well.     

Silicate nanoparticles by bioleaching of glass and modification of the glass surface

Bioleaching is examined as a low temperature (50 °C) soft chemical approach to nanosynthesis and surface processing. We demonstrate that fungus based bioleaching of borosilicate glass enables synthesis of nearly monodispersed ultrafine (∼5 ± 0.5 nm) silicate nanoparticles. Using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FTIR we compare the constitution and composition of the nanoparticles with that of the parent glass, and establish the basic similarities between the two. The bioleaching process is shown to enhance the non-bridging oxygen component and correspondingly influence the Si-O-Si network. The root mean square roughness of glass surface is seen to increase from 1.27 nm for bare glass to 2.52 nm for 15 h fungal processed case, this increase being equivalent to that for glass annealed at 500 °C.