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1.
Sorption of Ni2+ions from aqueous solutions by ion exchangers differed in their chemical nature and structure was studied. Based on the endothermic curves of ice melting obtained by a differential scanning calorimetry, the amounts of freezing and non-freezing water present in free volumes (pores) of the studied ion exchangers were calculated. Comparison of results obtained from the kinetic curves of nickel ion sorption with data on differential scanning calorimetry indicates a role of structural factor in the sorption of nickel ions. It was found that, depending on the total amount of freezing and non-freezing water, the KU-2-8 sulfonated cationite is the most preferable ion exchanger for the sorption of nickel ions from aqueous solutions. Therefore, sorbent efficiency in this case is determined by its structure rather than by chemical nature.  相似文献   

2.
Fe(CN)6 3 - and Fe(CN)6 4 - anions are sorbed from aqueous solutions of their potassium and cesium salts on -Ni(OH)2 by the mechanism of anion exchange with hydroxy groups. Alkali metal cations (K+, Cs+) are also partly sorbed on nickel(II) hydroxide in the form of anionic complexes (K,Cs) z Fe(CN)6 (n - z)-, where n = 3 or 4 (0 < z < n). The chemical composition of the new phase appearing in contact of nickel(II) hydroxide with aqueous potassium and cesium hexacyanoferrates(II, III) was determined by X-ray phase analysis and IR spectroscopy.  相似文献   

3.
The sorption mechanisms of Eu(3+) on calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) phases of hydrated cement were investigated as a tool for the prediction of the behavior of trivalent radionuclides with aged/degraded cements in radioactive waste repositories. Four techniques were used: site-selective and time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy, XPS, high-resolution SEM coupled with EDX, and XRD. Results showed that europium is not precipitated in the solution despite its low solubility limit. It is strongly retained on CSH, resulting in a more than 99.8% sorption rate. Two main sorption sites were characterized by luminescence spectroscopy. One site, with a long lifetime, can be interpreted as Eu included in the framework of CSH. Another one, with a shorter lifetime, can be interpreted as a site with a hydrated environment that is high but is less than that of europium hydroxide. It corresponds to superficial complexation or precipitation. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.  相似文献   

4.
Structural characteristics and electrocatalytic activity in the methanol oxidation reaction in an alkaline solution of the Raney nickel promoted by a platinum-ruthenium mixture are studied with the aid of methods of scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction microanalysis, BET, and measurements of cyclic voltamograms and polarization curves. Distributions of all components of the system under investigation (Al, Ni, Pt, Ru, O) at the surface of the catalyst, the average size of whose particles amounts to 20–30 μm, are established. It is shown that a number of parameters (composition and quantity of the promoting mixture, temperature and concentration of methanol and alkali, amount of the active mass of the electrode) exert an influence on the methanol oxidation rate. The catalyst on the basis of the Raney nickel promoted by 10 wt % Pt/Ru (1/9 at. %) exhibits maximum activity in the methanol electrooxidation reaction in a solution that contains 4 M CH3OH in 6 M KOH. Upon elevating temperature by 20°C in the temperature interval 40 to 80°C the reaction accelerates by 2–3 times. __________ Translated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 12, 2005, pp. 1422–1430. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by Karichev, Tarasevich, Efremov, Bogdanovskaya, Kapustin.  相似文献   

5.
Sorption and diffusion of gases (CO2, N2, and He) in a polyimide (PI2080) film were measured by using an apparatus which gives the sorption rate curves from the initial state to the equilibrium state. Nonlinear isotherms observed for CO2 sorption were interpreted successfully in terms of the dual-mode model for sorption in glassy polymers. Linear isotherms observed for N2 and He seemed to obey Henry's law. Two diffusion coefficients (DI and DE) were obtained using the short-time method and the long-time method for a Fickian diffusion model, together with the equilibrium solubility (Ce) from each experiment. The initial sorption rate curves agreed with the calculated curves using DI, however near sorption equilibrium the curves are in accord with the calculated curves using DE. These observations suggest that some relaxation process is superimposed on the diffusion process. The non-Fickian transport data were correlated successfully with a model that combines time-dependent diffusion and the Fickian model.  相似文献   

6.
The uptake of various nitrogen oxides was studied with the well known nonporous p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene under ambient conditions.  相似文献   

7.
Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - Two kinds of aerogels, those based on silicon dioxide and on calcium aginate, modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes, were synthesized by the...  相似文献   

8.
Processes occurring in a cycled nickel-zinc battery with positive nickel oxide electrode fabricated from spherical nickel hydroxide on foamed-nickel support and the influence exerted by its physicochemical parameters on changes in the electrolyte composition and on inter- and intraelectrode mass transfer of zinc was studied.  相似文献   

9.
The deactivation of nickel hydroxide to the electrooxidation of hypophosphite on a nickel electrode was studied by means of in situ UV-Vis subtractive reflectance spectroscopy. The experimental results show that when the potential is lower than -1.0 V (SCE), the surface on nickel electrode is free of nickel hydroxide, on which hypophosphite is active. When the potential moves positively to about 0.75V, two absorbency bands around 300nm and 550nm, which were ascribed to the formation of α-nickel hydroxide, were observed, nickel is oxidized to α-nickel hydroxide. Severe deactivation of the surface occurs when the nickel surface is covered with nickel hydroxide, which separates the hypophosphite ion from nickel substrate.  相似文献   

10.
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - The batch sorption kinetics described by a nonlinear equation with a variable equilibrium parameter for the interface was considered. It was shown that a...  相似文献   

11.
The absorption of drugs depends on the physico-chemical properties of the constituent substances. Drugs that are absorbed only with difficulty or only slowly, or even not at all, can be made to penetrate into the skin and the mucous membrane (penetration) or to pass through them (permeation) with the aid of “sorption promotors”. The search for substances of this type and the elucidation of their principles of action form part of the field of biopharmaceutics.  相似文献   

12.
铒对氢氧化镍电极高温充放电性能的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
覆Co(Ⅲ)球镍具有优良的电化学性能,是镍氢动力电池较理想的活性材料,然而其高温性能仍待提高.本文研究了通过不同方式在覆Co(Ⅲ)球镍中添加铒改善镍电极的高温性能.结果表明,采用机械混合在球镍中添加1%(原子分数)Er2O3以及表面化学沉积方式在球镍表面包覆1%Er(OH)3的电极70℃时1C充/放电效率分别比无添加的电极提高11.7%和12.6%.循环伏安测试表明,铒的添加提高了镍电极在高温下的析氧过电位,明显提高了电极在高温环境下的充电效率.  相似文献   

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Nickel in Bier     
Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

19.
The influence of the concentration of a complexing ion on the sorption recovery of nickel, cobalt, mercury, and lead ions from aqueous solutions by a phosphorus-containing polymeric polybutadiene-based sorbent was studied. Sorption isotherms of the studied metal ions were processed by the Langmuir and Freindlich models. The affinity of metal ions to the functional groups of a sorbent and the stability of complexes were established to decrease in the order Hg(II) > Pb(II) > Co(II) > Ni(II).  相似文献   

20.
We study the time history of a diffusing front when a polymer is exposed to a finite amount of penetrant which becomes used up. A class of polymers is considered for which slow molecular relaxation occurs only at or near the glass-gel interface with instantaneous relaxation both ahead of and behind the progressing front. We show that the position of the penetrant front versus time undergoes a long smooth transition from standard Fickian t1/2 behavior to exponential time decay onto a final equilibrium position attained when all the penetrant is used up.  相似文献   

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