Oxygenated acids of the reserve lipids of Rumex paulsenianus

The composition of the fatty mono- and dihydroxy acids of the fruit ofRumex paulsenianus Rech. fil. (familyPolygonaceae) has been determined by a combination of IRS, UVS, GLC, and mass-spectrometric methods. (22) Monohydroxy acids of the C₁₄–C₂₀ series, including isomers and isologues, and four dihydroxy acids from C₁₈ to C₂₀, including a new isomeric 9-OH-10, 12–17:2 acid have been detected.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 762–765, November–December, 1991.     

Fatty acid composition of the main phospholipids of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba

The Antarctic krillEuphausia superba Dana contains about 5% of its natural weight of extractable lipids, more than half of which are in the form of phospholipids — phosphatidylcholine (33–36% of the sum of the lipids), phosphatidylethanolamine (15–17%), lysophosphatidylcholine (3–4%), and others (2–3%) — while among the phosphorus-free components triacylglycerols predominate (32–35%). In the first two phospholipids the dominating fatty acid residue is the arachidonic acid residue (more than 40% of the sum of the acyl residues) and the amounts of residues of eicosapentaenoic acid (C_{20 : 5w3}) are about 13 and 28%, respectively. A simple procedure for isolating the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine is proposed. For the analysis of the fatty acid a new method was used, consisting of the HPLC of their (7-diethylaminocoumarin-4-yl)hydrazides, with fluorometric detection.Scientific Research Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances of Hydrobionts, USSR Ministry of Health, Moscow. K. A. Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 181–187, March–April, 1990.     

Seed oils of four species of the family Caprifoliaceae

Summary The fatty-acid and triglyceride compositions of the oils of the seeds of four species of Central Asian representatives of the family Caprifoliaceae have been studied. A great diversity of the fatty acids in the oil ofSambucus nigra has been established; this differs from the other oils studied by a high content of linolenic acid (more than 30%). It has been shown that the distribution of the acyl radicals in the triglycerides corresponds to the law of random distribution. All the oils contain about 1–2% of hydroxy keto acids occupying the -position in the triglycerides.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 435–439, July–August, 1974.     

The structures of chimganin and chimgin

Summary The roots ofFerula tschimganica Lipsky have yielded two new compounds with the compositions C₁₈H₂₄O₄ (mp 85°C) and C₁₇H₂₂O₃ (mp 155°C), which have been calledchimganin andchimgin. On the basis of their UV, IR, and NMR spectra and the products of alkaline hydrolysis, it has been shown that chimganin is the ester of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid and chimgin that of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with (+)-borneol.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 59–63, January–February, 1972.     

General characteristics of the polysaccharides of brown algae

Summary From an acetonic extract of the roots ofFerula samarcandica Kor. have been isolated farnesiferol A, gummosin, and two new coumarin substances, samarcandin C₂₄H_30–32O₅ and samarcandone C₂₄H_28–30O₅. Samarcandin has been converted into samarcandone and their probable structures-I and II-have been established.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 73–77, 1968     

Phospholipase A2 from the venom of the spider Eresus niger

A phospholipase A₂ with a molecular mass of 12–14 kDa has been isolated from the venom of the spiderEresus niger by three-stage column chromatography. Asparagine has been identified as the N-terminal amino acid.Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 557–560, July–August, 1991.     

Investigation of the biological properties of Central Asian sea buckthorn growing in the province of Kansu (China)

The Central Asian sea buckthorn growing in the province of Kansu in China (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.,subsp. turkestanica Rousi) [1] has been studied for the presence of biochemical substances: amino acids, microelements, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, free fatty acids, vitamins A and C, and flavonoids. A comparison of it with Chinese sea buckthorn in relation to a number of biochemical components has been made.Analytical and Experimental Center, Kansu Province, Lan-chow, China. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 135–137, January–February, 1991.     

Method for the quantitative determination of protopine in Fumaria vaillantii

Summary In an investigation of the polarographic behavior of protopine against a background of 0.1 N (C₂H₅)₄NOH in 70% dioxane, it was found that the product of the electrode reaction is dihydroprotopine. A chromatopolarographic method has been proposed for determining protopine inFumaria vaillantii Loisl.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 376–377, May–June, 1977.     

Extraction of the total alkaloids from the epigeal part of Aconitum orientale

The process of extracting the total alkaloids fromAconitum orientale with aqueous solutions of a number of electrolytes has been investigated. It has been established that it is most desirable to use 2% solutions of H₂SO₄ and 5% solutions of CH₃COOH. The optimum parameters of the process have been found, under which the degree of extraction of the total alkaloids averages 96%.I. G. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Georgian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 816–821, November–December, 1991.     

The structure of gummosin

Summary From the neutral fraction of an acetone extract of the roots of plants of the genusFerula,F. gummosa Boiss.,F. pseudoreoselinum Rgl. et Schmalh. (K-Pol.) andF. Samarkandica Eug. Kor., we have isolated a coumarin gummosin with the composition C₂₄H₃₀O₄, mp 176–177°C, [a]_D –54°C. The structure of gummosin corresponds to formula (III).With respect to structure, gummosin is a spatial isomer of farnesiferol A; it differs from the latter by the fact that the secondary OH group in gummosin is axial.Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 383–387, 1966     

Chemical investigation of the polysaccharides of the leaves ofPlantago major L.

Summary 1. Pectic acid contains galacturonic acid (78–83%) and, chemically linked with it, the monosaccharides D-galactose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, and substance (VIII) and (IX).2. By fractionating the polysaccharide complex of the leavesof Plantago major L. on a DEAE-cellulose column it has been shown that it consists of pectic acid (80–82%), and free galactoraban (5–6%) and galactan (4–5%).Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 369–372, 1965.We have used Kertesz's nomenclature of pectic compounds [4].     

Lipid complex of Peganum harmala

The lipid complex of the seeds ofPeganum harmala (fam. Zygophyllaceae) has been investigated. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the neutral lipids and the phospholipids have been studied. The fatty acid compositions of the acyl-containing lipids have been determined and it has been shown that in the triacylglycerols and phosphatidylethanolamines the sn-2 position is esterified mainly by linoleic acid.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 625–627, November–December, 1992.     

Natural quinones

Summary A new anthraquinone of composition C₁₇H₁₄O₅, mp 182–183° (decomp., from benzene) has been isolated from the roots ofRubia iberica (Fisch. ex D.C.); it has been called ibericin and has the structure of 1, 3-dihydroxy-4-ethoxy-methylanthraquinone.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 12–15, 1966     

Composition of the neutral lipids of Chlorella vulgaris

Summary The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the neutral lipids and the fatty-acid composition of the individual classes of neutral lipids isolated from fresh, freeze-dried, and air-dry cells of the algaChlorella vulgaris have been investigated.The presence of natural fatty acid methyl esters in the lipid extract of the fresh and air-dry chlorella cells has been established.It has been shown that the fatty acid methyl ester fraction is enriched with palmitic acid as compared with the triglyceride and free fatty acid fractions.The main unsaturated acids of the chlorella lipids contain the first double bond in the ⁹ position.Division of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 49–53, January–February, 1978.     

A sesquiterpene lactone badkhysinin from the roots ofFerula oopoda

Summary A sesquiterpene lactone with the composition C₂₀H₂₄O₅, mp 104°–105° C, []_D –212.4° C (alcohol) has been isolated from the roots ofFerula oopoda Boiss. and has been called badkhysinin. Badkhysinin is an ester of angelic acid and an epoxyhydroxylactone C₁₅H₁₈O₄ with mp 185°–186° C apparently related to guaianolide with a hydrocarbon skeleton of irregular structure. A number of possible structural formulas for badkhysinin are given.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 93–99, 1966     

Alkaloids of Aconitum coreanum VI. Structure of acoridine

The new C₂₀-diterpene alkaloid acoridine has been isolated from the epigeal part ofAconitum coreanum (Levl.) Rapaics, and the structure of 14-hydroxy-2-propionylhetisine has been established for it on the basis of spectral characteristics. Acoridine is the first diterpene alkaloid esterified by propionic acid.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 91–93, January–February, 1991.     

Lipids of the fruit ofAcanthopanax sessiliflorus

In the lipids of the seeds and pericarp of the introduced speciesAcanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Seem (familyAraliaceae), 23 classes of compounds have been detected, of which 19 have been identified. Sixteen of the classes have been studied. The lipids of the pericarp contain a more complex set of components than the seeds. Hydroxyacyldiacylglycerides, fatty acid methyl esters, and a complex group of pthalicacidesters have been detected in the familyAraliaceae for the first time. The fatty acid compositions of the seed and pericarp lipids are characterized by a high level of petroselinic acid.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 760–766, November–December, 1985.     

Polysaccharides of Matricaria chamomilla I. Monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide complex

Conclusions 1. A polysaccharide has been isolated from the inflorescences ofMatricaria chamomilla L. It has been established that it is composed of D-galacturonic acid (45%), D-galactose (12.2%), D-glucose (2.3%), L-rhamnose (5.3%), L-arabinose (10.2%), and D-xylose (20.8%).2. The information obtained permits the polysaccharide of the camomile to be assigned to the class of pectin substances.Academician I. P. Pavlov Ryazan' State Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 137–141, March–April, 1974.     

A new plant growth regulator of microbial origin

A new plant growth regulator — an inhibitor of the germination of mustard seeds — has been isolated from a culture filtrate of a phytopathogenic fungus of the genusPhoma. The methyl and trimethylsilyl derivatives of this compound have been obtained. Its empirical formula — C₁₆H₂₂O₅ — has been determined. On the basis of the results of IR and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, the compound isolated has been assigned the structure of 3,5-dihydroxy-2-octanoylphenylacetic acid.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Applied Molecular Biology and Genetics. V. I. Lenin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii No. 3, pp. 387–391, May–June, 1985.     

The seed oils of some species of the family Cruciferae

Summary The physicochemical properties of the oils of the seeds of seven plants of the family Cruciferae —Cakile maritima, Sisymbrium altissimum, Sisymbrium Loeselii, Descurainia Sophia, Erysimum cheiranthoides, Brassica amoracioides andCrambe pontica — have been studied and their fatty acid compositions have been determined. The results obtained showed no marked differences from those given in the literature.Zaporozhe Medical Institute. Ukrainian Scientific-Research Institute of the Oils and Fats Industry. Zaporozhe Oils and Fats Combine. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 15–18, January–February, 1973.