渗流力学问题中的数值反演解

介绍了一种拉普拉斯变换数值反演的新方法——Ｃｒｕｍｐ方法以及它在渗流力学问题中的应用。在数值解例中，将Ｃｒｕｍｐ方法和精确解及Ｓｔｅｈｆｅｓｔ方法进行了比较，Ｃｒｕｍｐ方法的解与精确解吻合良好，较之Ｓｔｅｈｆｅｔ方法有很大改进。在油气井现代试井分析中，用Ｃｒｕｍｐ方法绘制的典型曲线更精确     

粘弹性岩体力学模型识别与参数反演解析方法研究

本文基于圆形和非圆形隧道围岩粘弹性位移反演分析解析方法的最新进展，根据隧道围岩力学参数解析解的反演规律，提出了五个粘弹性力学模型识别与参数定理，并通过算例和工程实例对所给出的定理作了必要的验证。     

岩石力学位移反演分析回顾及进展

回顾综述了岩石力学反演分析的研究进展，重点介绍了位移反分析法的分类、结果评价及研究特点，讨论了需进一步探讨的问题．     

岩体原位流变荷载试验的力学参数与模型反演

根据现场岩体原位测试的60m和70m处两试验点的流变变形曲线,首先通过曲线特征筛选出了能够描述其变形特性的流变模型(三参量固体模型,Burgers模型),基于粘弹性分析理论及两步反分析法思路,建立了荷载试验的三参量固体模型、Burgers模型的位移优化反演格式,利用分级加载所获得的瞬时弹性位移,反算出了两试验点处的岩体弹性体积模量K、剪切模量G0和变形模量E0,并由优化反演方法获得了两模型的所有流变参数G1,η1,η2和E1以及长期弹性模量E∞。利用所获得的粘弹性参数分别计算出了在不同载荷下两种模型的理论解析曲线,并与实测曲线进行了分析对比,最终获得了能够较真实地描述试验区域岩体流变变形特性的最佳模型,即三参量固体模型。通过对比分析验证了所用思路及方法的正确性和实用性,文中方法虽然应用于流变荷载实验情况,但其具有一定的普遍意义,可应用于不同状况的流变实验的参数确定和模型反演。     

弹性力学非线性反演方法概述

考虑正演模型和观测数据确定性性质的不同, 对弹性力学反问题解的定义进行了归纳总结. 非线性和不适定性是反问题理论研究和工程应用的瓶颈问题, 对反问题非线性和不适定性的有效处理方法进行了总结.并在此基础上介绍了非线性反演问题求解方法的一些最新进展, 对弹性力学非线性反演方法进行了归纳分类.     

脉搏波系统的力学模型及反演兼对若干中医学问题的讨论

对脉搏波进行客观化定量研究,是我们面临的跨中医与西医、跨医学与数理学科的新挑战,是中国传统医学现代化发展的重点研究课题之一.本文遵循中医整体观点的传统思路,把脉搏波系统理解为生命能量以波的形式在血液中传播的整个系统,从连续介质力学的波动理论出发,为脉搏波系统建立一个等价的力学模型,并把力学反演方法推广发展到脉搏波.指出脉搏波是压力波P（X,t）,质点速度波v（X,t）、比容波V（X,t）和内能波E（X,t）这些不同形式波动的总成.脉搏现象包含着血液的流动和在血液中以远快于血液流速之波速传播的携带能量的脉搏波.前者是人眼易见的实体血液的“物质流”,而后者是人眼不易见、以波的形式传播的“能量流”,可分别理解为中医的“血”和“气”.脉搏波的传播特性由反映生命体整体系统的本构方程决定,就其重要性和地位而言,系统本构方程与中医的体质相当,应探索其内在联系.初步讨论了脉搏波系统本构关系非线性效应和黏性效应对脉搏波特性的影响.     

简论岩体的力学模型

从岩体的地质特征和力学行为出发，分别讨论岩体的力学模型，运用劳丹的科学合理性模式分析连续介质和不连续介质两类力学模型的作用和地位，提出两类模型不是对产的而是互补的，今后的发展是建立既能反映性又能反映不连续性的统一的岩体力学模型。     

钢筋混凝土框架—剪力墙结构非线性抗震分析的一种空间力学模型

将钢筋混凝土框架－剪力墙结构离散为能模拟梁、柱、墙抗震性能的单元，采用杆系－层间模型进行结构的非线性抗震分析。本文的空间力学模型可考虑局部楼板变形对结构地震反应的影响，并可沿任意角度输入相互垂直的两个地震动水平分量，适用于框架一剪力墙复杂结构的非线性抗震分析。     

大地构造分析中的一些力学问题

综述了应用固体力学连续介质理论分析大地构造运动的问题,讨论了它们和通常力学问题的差别。主要的不同在于这里是反演问题:从地表的大地构造表现模拟出内部过程,从当前的资料追索它们的历史。依靠地球科学家所收集到的资料来引导这些反演。在数值模拟中建立适当的本构关系和破坏准则是头等重要的环节。最后提出固体力学中有关的研究课题。     

产生地震的机理和地震学中经验规律的力学意义

<正> 有关地球表面地震振动参数的大量经验资料的分析,促使和建立了一系列简单的经验关系式,这些关系式把振动参数与地震的“能量”特性联系了起来,也就是与由公式确定的下列震级M联系了起来:     

我与《力学与实践》

《力学与实践》是1979年2月创刊的．1978年我收到了中国力学学会筹备杂志创刊的约稿信,就以当时所进行的胶片涂布科研工作为背景,用我1977年底在厦门召开的一次全国会议上的报告稿为基础,写了一篇综述文章“具有物理．化学反应的薄膜流体力学”寄给《力学与实践》．1978年10月正在上海无线电13厂接收、检验DJS-21电子计     

Computational Mechanics of the Heart

Finite elasticity theory combined with finite element analysis provides the framework for analysing ventricular mechanics during the filling phase of the cardiac cycle, when cardiac cells are not actively contracting. The orthotropic properties of the passive tissue are described here by a “pole–zero” constitutive law, whose parameters are derived in part from a model of the underlying distributions of collagen fibres. These distributions are based on our observations of the fibrous-sheet laminar architecture of myocardial tissue. We illustrate the use of high order (cubic Hermite) basis functions in solving the Galerkin finite element stress equilibrium equations based on this orthotropic constitutive law and for incorporating the observed regional distributions of fibre and sheet orientations. Pressure–volume relations and 3D principal strains predicted by the model are compared with experimental observations. A model of active tissue properties, based on isolated muscle experiments, is also introduced in order to predict transmural distributions of 3D principal strains at the end of the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle. We end by offering a critique of the current model of ventricular mechanics and propose new challenges for future modellers. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inversion and quasi-static problems in linear viscoelasticity

Within the theory of linear viscoelasticity, we seek solutions to the inversion problem of the constitutive equation respectively inL ² and in the spaceS of the tempered distributions. Successively we study the quasi-static problem inS. Both problems admit one and only one solution if the relaxation function satisfies Graffi's inequality. Finally we show that the inversion problem and the quasi-static one are deeply connected and that every counterexample about the existence or uniqueness of the solutions for the first problem also provides a counterexample for the latter.

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Sommario Nell'ambito della viscoelasticità lineare, si studia il problema dell'invertibilità della equazione costitutiva rispettivamente inL ² e nello spazioS delle distribuzioni temperate. Successivamente si studia il problema quasi statico inS. Entrambi i problemi ammettono una ed una sola soluzione se la funzione di rilassamento soddisfa la disuguaglianza di Graffi. Infine si mostra che i due problemi sono strettamente correlati in quanto ogni problema quasi statico è riconducibile ad un problema di invertibilità.

     

Role of Crosslinking and Entanglements in the Mechanics of Silicone Networks

The goal of this study is to investigate the applicability of different constitutive models for silicone networks using comprehensive multiaxial experimental tests, including non-equibiaxial mechanical tests which introduce differential constraints on the networks in the two orthogonal directions, on samples prepared using various crosslinking densities. Uniaxial stress–strain experiments show that a decrease in crosslinker amounts used in the preparation of silicone networks lead to more compliant material response as compared to that obtained using higher amounts of crosslinker. Biaxial data were used to obtain fits to the neo- Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin, Arruda-Boyce and the Edward-Vilgis slip-link constitutive models. Our results show that the slip-link model, based on separation of the individual contributions of chemical crosslinks and physical entanglements, is better at describing the stress–strain response of highly crosslinked networks at low stretches as compared to other constitutive models. Modulus obtained using the slip-link model for highly crosslinked networks agrees with experimentally determined values obtained using uniaxial tension experiments. In contrast, moduli obtained using coefficients to the other constitutive models underpredict experimentally determined moduli by over 40 %. However, the slip-link model did not predict the experimentally observed stiffening response at higher stretches which was better captured using the Arruda-Boyce model.