Three-dimensional inverted photonic grating with engineerable refractive indices for broadband antireflection of terahertz waves

Reduction of reflection is of great importance in optical spectroscopy to reduce interference and increase throughput. Here we demonstrate a three-dimensional inverted photonic grating device design using only one material-silicon. Enhanced transmission compared to planar silicon wafers is observed from 0.2 THz to over 7.3 THz for a device with a 15 μm period, which covers most of the terahertz band, and its relative 3 dB bandwidth (δf/f(c)) is a noteworthy 116.3%. Moreover, the device is polarization independent and can perform up to a large incident angle.     

Kramers-Kronig analysis on the real refractive index of porous media in the terahertz spectral range

We present a terahertz time-domain experimental technique for the detection of scattering from porous media. The method for detection of the scattering enables one to make a decision when Fresnel or Kramers-Kronig (K-K) analysis can be applied for a porous medium. In this study the real refractive index of a tablet is calculated using the conventional K-K dispersion relation and also using a singly subtractive K-K relation, which are applied to the extinction coefficient obtained from the Beer-Lambert law. The advantage of the K-K analysis is that one gets estimates both for absolute refractive index and also dispersion of the porous tablet, whereas Fresnel analysis provides only the absolute value of the index.     

Manipulating optical Tamm state in the terahertz frequency range with graphene

The optical Tamm state(OTS), which exists generally at the interface between metal and a dielectric Bragg mirror, has been studied extensively in the visible and near infrared spectra. Nevertheless, OTS in the terahertz(THz) region normally receives far less attention. In this Letter, we demonstrate the physical mechanism of OTS at the interface between graphene and a dielectric Bragg mirror in the THz frequency band by applying the transfer matrix method and dispersion characteristics. Based on such mechanisms, we propose an efficient method that can precisely generate and control OTS at a desired angle and frequency. Moreover, we show that the OTS is dependent on the optical conductivity of graphene, making the graphene–dielectric-Bragg-mirror a good candidate for dynamic tunable OTS device in the THz frequency range.     

Temperature dependence of the refractive indices in semiconductors

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 654–659, October, 1989.     

Thermal radiation from carbon nanotubes in the terahertz range

The thermal radiation from an isolated finite-length carbon nanotube (CNT) is theoretically investigated both in near- and far-field zones. The formation of the discrete spectrum in metallic CNTs in the terahertz range is demonstrated due to the reflection of strongly slowed-down surface-plasmon modes from CNT ends. The effect does not appear in semiconductor CNTs. The concept of a CNT as a thermal nanoantenna is proposed.     

具有缓变折射率的太赫兹宽带增透器件

用高阻硅制作的光学元件是太赫兹系统里常用的器件, 但是其高达3.42的相对折射率所引起的阻抗失配严重影响了太赫兹系统的功率, 因此研究人员尝试了各种各样的方式在高阻硅表面镀上有效的增透膜. 在太赫兹波段, 缺乏合适的材料是增透研究中亟需解决的一个重要问题. 介绍一种结构新颖的硅材料增透器件----- 三维光子倒置光栅. 与普通高阻硅片相比, 当结构周期为15 μm时, 该器件在0.2---7.3 THz范围内对太赫兹波具有明显的增透作用, 且覆盖了大部分太赫兹波段. 此外, 该器件的使用不受太赫兹偏振方向限制, 适用于大入射角情形, 并具有高达116.3%的相对3 dB带宽.     

Brillouin gain analysis for fibers with different refractive indices

We studied an anomalous result in the measured stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold for single-mode optical fibers with different refractive index profiles and effective areas. It was found that, in addition to the optical effective area, the refractive-index-dependent interaction between the optical and the acoustic fields must be considered in order to account for the differences in the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold between fiber types. A detailed analytical formalism describing the acousto-optic interaction was derived to accommodate the influence of the index profile design on Brillouin scattering.     

Refractive indices of biaxial crystals evaluated from the refractive indices ellipsoid equation

The expressions of the refractive indices corresponding wave vector k(θ,) are given by using coordinate transformations for the refractive indices ellipsoid equation of biaxial crystals. The refractive index expression of the wave, whose velocity is slower, is given by

and that of the wave, whose velocity is faster, is given by

     

太赫兹波段石墨烯等离子体的增益特性

基于麦克斯韦方程组和物质本构方程对石墨烯表面等离子体进行了研究.从理论上探索了石墨烯表面等离子体激元在太赫兹波段的增益特性曲线,并且讨论了石墨烯表面等离子体增益与石墨烯中载流子浓度、石墨烯所处温度以及载流子动量弛豫时间的关系.研究结果表明:在太赫兹波段增益峰值随着石墨烯载流子浓度的增加而发生蓝移,并且在所讨论的温度范围内,由于增益峰所对应的频率都大于1 THz,因此温度的变化对增益峰值以及相应频率的影响不大,即在不同的温度下,相同载流子浓度所对应的增益曲线上峰值的位置和强度几乎相同;增益与石墨烯载流子动量弛豫时间相关,随着载流子动量弛豫时间的增加,使得激发态激励的电子增加,从而导致石墨烯表面等离子体增益变得更大,但这种动量弛豫时间的增加却因弛豫时间对受激辐射频率影响较小而并未对增益峰值位置产生影响.     

Negative refractive index in chiral spiral metamaterials at terahertz frequencies

A three-dimensional chiral metamaterial consisting of arrays of the multi-layered mutually twisted metallic spirals is proposed. We theoretically demonstrate such a chiral spiral structure exhibiting negative refractive index at terahertz frequencies. The chirality with varied refractive index can be obtained by change of configurations of the structure. The presented design offers flexibility for investigation of electromagnetic properties of chiral metamaterials in the terahertz regime and thus leads to a unique route to terahertz device applications.     

Propagation characteristics of two-dimensional photonic crystals in the terahertz range

Based on the plane wave expansion method, the complete band gaps of two-dimensional terahertz photonic crystals with typical structures are optimized through varying structural parameters. During our calculation, two kinds of lattice structures that are very promising for the materials of terahertz components are found and some interesting phenomena that were not reported in the former papers are also presented. Using the finite difference time domain method, we simulated the electromagnetic field distribution of THz waves in a PC splitter. And by the plane wave expansion method, we achieved the dispersion relation and defect modes in a rotated PC waveguide. These results provide a useful guide and a theoretical basis for the developments of THz functional components. PACS 42.72.Ai; 42.70.Qs     

Detailed non-destructive evaluation of UHMWPE composites in the terahertz range

We report on the terahertz analysis of an internal structure of an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite material, which is based on the HB10-tape from Dyneema $^{\circledR }$ . This type of composite is very hard and resistant and therefore it is often used to manufacture personal armors such as bulletproof vests and helmets. The multilayer structure of the UHMWPE composite was investigated by means of a raster scanning time domain spectroscopy technique in a reflection configuration. The mechanism of the formation of many shifted in time THz pulses (reflected from the internal layers of the sample) originates from the periodic modulation of the refractive index along the propagation of the radiation. This modulation is connected with alternate layers of fibers, each having different direction (perpendicular to each other). As a result we obtained the detailed three dimensional profile of the 3.3-mm thick sample with all 74 layers clearly visible. Thicknesses of all layers, having around 45 $\upmu $ m each, were determined. Moreover, it is also possible to identify internal defects i.e. delaminations in the internal structure of this composite material.     

Multiphonon absorption in a MgO single crystal in the terahertz range

The reflection and transmission spectra of a MgO single crystal at frequencies of 10–1000 cm⁻¹ in the temperature range 10–300 K have been measured using submillimeter and infrared Fourier spectros-copy. The evolution of anharmonic absorption with variations in temperature has been investigated in the frequency range below the frequency of the transverse optical phonon. The parameters of the dispersion model that adequately describes the lattice absorption of terahertz radiation in single-crystal magnesium oxide have been determined.     

Highly tunable photonic crystal filter for the terahertz range

By use of an incipient ferroelectric, SrTiO3, as a defect material inserted into a periodic structure of alternating layers of quartz and high-permittivity ceramic, thermal tuning of a single defect mode over the entire lowest forbidden band was obtained. The tunability of this compact structure reached 60%.     

Dielectric photonic crystal with a near-zero effective refractive index in the microwave range

The microwave propagation in a 3D dielectric photonic crystal at the frequency range from 8.5 to 12GHz has been investigated. A frequency range where effective refractive index n _ef of the crystal approaches zero is found. In the frequency range where n _ef <0.2, themicrowave beam becomes collimated, sharpened, and free of diffraction noise. An excitation of a surface wave, propagating along the external surface of the structure, is revealed in same frequency range. This property of the photonic crystal structure can be used to screen and mask objects scanned by external radiation.