The Fermat–Torricelli Problem in Normed Planes and Spaces

We investigate the Fermat–Torricelli problem in d-dimensional real normed spaces or Minkowski spaces, mainly for d=2. Our approach is to study the Fermat–Torricelli locus in a geometric way. We present many new results, as well as give an exposition of known results that are scattered in various sources, with proofs for some of them. Together, these results can be considered to be a minitheory of the Fermat–Torricelli problem in Minkowski spaces and especially in Minkowski planes. This demonstrates that substantial results about locational problems valid for all norms can be found using a geometric approach.     

Some fixed point results for a generalized ψ-weak contraction mappings in orbitally metric spaces

Samet and Vetro [Samet B, Vetro C. Berinde mappings in orbitally complete metric spaces. Chaos Solitons Fract 2011;44:1075–9.] studied a fixed point theorem for a self-mapping satisfying a general contractive condition of integral type in orbitally complete metric spaces. In this paper, we introduce the notion of a generalized ψ-weak contraction mapping and establish some results in orbitally complete metric spaces. Our results generalize several well-known comparable results in the literature. As an application of our results we deduce the result of Samet and Vetro. Some examples are given to illustrate the useability of our results.     

Arbitrary decompositions into open and closed trails

The problem of arbitrary decomposition of a graph G into closed trails i.e. a decomposition into closed trails of prescribed lengths summing up to the size of the graph G was first considered in the case of the complete graph G=K_n (for odd n) in connection with vertex-distinguishing coloring of the union of cycles.Next, the same problem was investigated for other families of graphs.In this paper we consider a more general problem: arbitrary decomposition of a graph into open and closed trails. Our results are based on and generalize known results on decomposition of a graph into closed trails. Our results also generalize some results concerning decomposition of a graph into open trails. We here emphasize that the known results on the closed case are basic ingredients for the proof of the open and closed case.     

Three-step iterations for nonlinear accretive operator equations

In this paper, we suggest and analyze a three-step iterative scheme for solving nonlinear strongly accretive operator equation Tx=f without continuous condition in a uniformly smooth Banach space. Our results include the Ishikawa, Mann and Noor iterations as special cases. The results presented in this paper improve and extend almost all the current results in the more general setting.     

Periodic solutions of non-linear discrete Volterra equations with finite memory

In this paper we discuss the existence of periodic solutions of discrete (and discretized) non-linear Volterra equations with finite memory. The literature contains a number of results on periodic solutions of non-linear Volterra integral equations with finite memory, of a type that arises in biomathematics. The “summation” equations studied here can arise as discrete models in their own right but are (as we demonstrate) of a type that arise from the discretization of such integral equations. Our main results are in two parts: (i) results for discrete equations and (ii) consequences for quadrature methods applied to integral equations. The first set of results are obtained using a variety of fixed-point theorems. The second set of results address the preservation of properties of integral equations on discretizing them. The effect of weak singularities is addressed in a final section. The detail that is presented, which is supplemented using appendices, reflects the differing prerequisites of functional analysis and numerical analysis that contribute to the outcomes.     

An error analysis for a certain class of iterative methods

We provide local convergence results in affine form for in-exact Newton-like as well as quasi-Newton iterative methods in a Banach space setting. We use hypotheses on the second or on the first andmth Fréchet-derivative (m ≥ 2 an integer) of the operator involved. Our results allow a wider choice of starting points since our radius of convergence can be larger than the corresponding one given in earlier results using hypotheses on the first-Fréchet-derivative only. A numerical example is provided to illustrate this fact. Our results apply when the method is, for example, a difference Newton-like or update-Newton method. Furthermore, our results have direct applications to the solution of autonomous differential equations.     

Second-order properly elliptic boundary value problems on irregular plane domains

Conditions are presented under which properly elliptic second-order boundary value problems are well posed on irregular plane domains. The coefficients can be discontinuous. The results include known results for coercive forms, and also reduce to known results on proper ellipticity when the coefficients and domain are smooth. The main tool is an “inverse five-lemma” which relates the Neumann problem on a plane domain to a related modified Dirichlet problem. This inverse five-lemma can be used in a variety of settings. We show how it can be used to translate results of Grisvard on the index of Dirichlet operators in Sobolev spaces $\text{H}{}^{\mathrm{s}}\text{(Ω)}$ to results on Neumann operators, and examine the implications for regularity.     

Well-posedness and asymptotic behavior a multidimensional model of morphogen transport

Morphogen transport is a biological process, occurring in the tissue of living organisms, which is a determining step in cell differentiation. We present rigorous analysis of a simple model of this process, which is a system coupling parabolic PDE with ODE. We prove existence and uniqueness of solutions for both stationary and evolution problems. Moreover, we show that the solution converges exponentially to the equilibrium in C ^1,?? ×?C ^0,?? topology. We prove all results for arbitrary dimension of the domain. Our results improve significantly previously known results for the same model in the case of one-dimensional domain.     

Some results on multi-valued weakly jungck mappings in <Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis>-metric space

In this paper, the concept of multi-valued weak contraction of Berinde and Berinde [8] for the Picard iteration in a complete metric space is extended to the case of multi-valued weak contraction for the Jungck iteration in a complete b-metric space. While our main results generalize the recent results of Berinde and Berinde [8], they also extend, improve and unify several classical results pertainning to single and multi-valued contractive mappings in the fixed point theory. Our results also improve the recent results of Daffer and Kaneko [16].      

Commutatively ordered Banach algebras

Abstract

Spectral theory in ordered Banach algebras (OBAs) has been investigated and several authors have made contributions. However, the results are not applicable to non-commutative C^*-algebras, since a non-commutative C^*-algebra is not an OBA. In this paper we introduce a more general structure, called a commutatively ordered Banach algebra (COBA), which includes the class of OBAs. Every C^* - algebra is a COBA. We will give the basic properties of COBAs and show how known results in OBAs can be generalized to the COBA setting. We will then discuss two spectral problems regarding COBA elements. The results obtained, of course, hold true in an OBA as well. These results extend the theory of COBAs and OBAs.     

Optimal allocation of redundancies in series systems

It is of great interest for the problem of how to allocate redundancies in a system so as to optimize the system performance in reliability engineering and system security. In this paper, we consider the problems of optimal allocation of both active and standby redundancies in series systems in the sense of various stochastic orderings. For the case of allocating one redundancy to a series system with two exponential components, we establish two likelihood ratio order results for active redundancy case and standby redundancy case, respectively. We also discuss the case of allocating K active redundancies to a series system and establish some new results. The results developed here strengthen and generalize some of the existing results in the literature. Specifically, we give an answer to an open problem mentioned in Hu and Wang [T. Hu, Y. Wang, Optimal allocation of active redundancies in r-out-of-n systems, Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 139 (2009) 3733–3737]. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the theoretic results established here.     

单调Minkowski泛函与Henig真有效性的标量化

没有凸锥的闭性和点性假设,该文考虑由一般凸锥生成的单调Minkowski泛函并研究其性质.由此,在偏序局部凸空间的框架下,通过利用单调连续Minkowski泛函和单调连续半范,该文分别获得了一般集合及锥有界集合的弱有效点的标量化.利用此弱有效性的标量化,该文分别推导出一般集合及锥有界集合的Henig真有效点的标量化.进而,当序锥具备有界基时,该文获得局部凸空间中超有效性的一些标量化结果.最后,该文给出Henig真有效性和超有效性的稠密性结果.这些结果推广并改进了有关的已知结果.     

A generalized f-projection method for countable families of weak relatively nonexpansive mappings and the system of generalized Ky Fan inequalities

The purpose of this paper is to present new hybrid Ishikawa iteration process by the generalized f-projection operator for finding a common element of the fixed point set for two countable families of weak relatively nonexpansive mappings and the set of solutions of the system of generalized Ky Fan inequalities in a uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space. Furthermore, we show that our new iterative scheme converges strongly to a common element of the afore mentioned sets. As applications, we apply our results to obtain some new results for finding a solution of a common fixed point of two countable in finite families, a system of generalized Ky Fan inequalities and a common zero-point problem for general B-monotone and maximal monotone operators in Banach spaces. The results presented in this paper improve and extend important recent results.     

Optimality Conditions and Duality for?Nondifferentiable Multiobjective Fractional Programming Problems with?(C,α,ρ,d)-convexity

The purpose of this paper is to consider a class of nondifferentiable multiobjective fractional programming problems in which every component of the objective function contains a term involving the support function of a compact convex set. Based on the (C,α,ρ,d)-convexity, sufficient optimality conditions and duality results for weakly efficient solutions of the nondifferentiable multiobjective fractional programming problem are established. The results extend and improve the corresponding results in the literature.     

Log-concavity for Bernstein-type operators using stochastic orders

This paper aims to study the preservation of log-concavity for Bernstein-type operators. In particular, attention is focused on positive linear operators, defined on the positive semi-axis, admitting a probabilistic representation in terms of a process with independent increments. This class includes the classical Gamma, Szász, and Szász–Durrmeyer operators. With respect to the first and second operators, the results of this paper correct two erroneous counterexamples in [10]. As a main tool in our results we use stochastic order techniques. Our results include, as a particular case, the log-concavity of certain functions related to the incomplete Gamma function.     

Invariant subspaces of finite codimension in Banach spaces of analytic functions

We give a characterization of invariant subspaces of finite codimension in Banach spaces of vector-valued analytic functions in several variables, where invariant refers to invariance under multiplication by any polynomial. We obtain very weak conditions under which our characterization applies, that unifies and improves a number of previous results. In the vector-valued case, the results are new even for one complex variable. As a concrete application in several variables, we consider the Bergman space on a strictly pseudo-convex domain, and we improve previous results (assuming C^∞-boundary) to the case of C²-boundary.     

Ekeland’s variational principle for vectorial multivalued mappings in a uniform space

In this paper, we establish Ekeland’s variational principle and an equilibrium version of Ekeland’s variational principle for vectorial multivalued mappings in the setting of separated, sequentially complete uniform spaces. Our approaches and results are different from those in Chen et al. (2008), Hamel (2005), and Lin and Chuang (2010) [13], [14] and [15]. As applications of our results, we study vectorial Caristi’s fixed point theorems and Takahashi’s nonconvex minimization theorems for multivalued mappings and their equivalent forms in a separated, sequentially complete uniform space. We also apply our results to study maximal element theorems, which are unified methods of several variational inclusion problems. Our results contain many known results in the literature Fang (1996) [21], and will have many applications in nonlinear analysis.     

Existence for an abstract control problem in banach spaces

This paper is concerned with existence in L¹ for a control problem with a lower semicontinuous cost functional associated with a general linear process of causal type in Banach space.

The state system considered includes several standard infinite dimensional systems such as: linear evolution equation, wave equation, linear functional differentional equation. In particular, linear distributed parameter systems are included. The existence results are consequences of an intricate analysis regarding the lower semicontinuity and compactness of level sets of Bolza functional in L¹ spaces. All these results are given under minimal requirements and using sharp functional methods. Specialized to finite dimensional problems the results given here extend some recent results of Ioffe and Rockafellar, but the proofs are quite different.